1 00:00:01,199 --> 00:00:18,519 The modern age in Spain. At the beginning of the modern age there were various kingdoms Aragon, 2 00:00:18,519 --> 00:01:00,810 Castilla and Navarra. When Fernando, king of Aragon and Isabel of Castilla married, 3 00:01:00,810 --> 00:01:10,390 they united Spain and they created a huge empire. An example of it is the Spanish Inquisition which 4 00:01:10,390 --> 00:01:17,030 was an organization with special powers to find people who didn't follow the official 5 00:01:17,030 --> 00:01:31,170 Catholic religion. 6 00:01:31,170 --> 00:01:38,010 The marriage of the Catholic monarchs increased their power to the point that, after conquering 7 00:01:38,010 --> 00:01:46,010 the Kingdom of Granada, they reduced the power of the nobles and ruled their kingdoms, and 8 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:53,310 they expanded their kingdoms in pursuit of new territories like Melilla, Canada Islands, 9 00:01:53,310 --> 00:02:00,260 Navarra and some parts of Italy. 10 00:02:00,260 --> 00:02:03,480 The more you have, the more you want. 11 00:02:03,480 --> 00:02:15,180 So the Catholic Monarchs wanted to discover and expand their domain to other countries. 12 00:02:15,180 --> 00:02:20,180 One of the well-known travels is the Columbus Voyage. 13 00:02:20,180 --> 00:02:33,120 It is said that Columbus discovered America although he believed it was Asia. 14 00:02:33,120 --> 00:02:40,639 In this way, more and more explorers joined with the goal of discovering different lands 15 00:02:40,639 --> 00:02:47,639 in order to increase and enlarge the power of the Spanish Empire. 16 00:02:47,639 --> 00:02:55,080 Some explorers were Magallanes, the first person to sail across the Pacific Ocean, Juan 17 00:02:55,080 --> 00:03:04,400 Sebastián Elcano who took over the expedition, Hernán Cortés who went to Mexico and moreover 18 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:28,150 Francisco Pizarro who went to Peru. 19 00:03:28,150 --> 00:03:37,110 Spain became a powerful empire, gold and silver from America was transported back to Spain 20 00:03:37,110 --> 00:03:43,349 and Spain became one of the richest countries in Europe. 21 00:03:43,349 --> 00:03:51,590 New products were introduced to Europe, such as potatoes and cocoa beans. 22 00:03:51,590 --> 00:04:09,680 Europeans established new sea routes and learned more about world geography. 23 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:18,439 The Habsburgs were a dynasty which ruled Spain from 1516 to 1700. 24 00:04:18,439 --> 00:04:25,339 Carlos I and Felipe II were the most important Habsburg kings in the 16th century. 25 00:04:25,339 --> 00:04:30,579 They fought many battles against France and the Turkish Ottoman Empire, and Felipe II 26 00:04:30,579 --> 00:04:36,459 was the son of Carlos I and king of Spain from 1556 to 1598. 27 00:04:36,459 --> 00:04:44,720 After, in the 17th century, the Habsburg kings were Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos II. 28 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:49,139 They are known as the Lesser Habsburgs because they were less powerful and less successful 29 00:04:49,139 --> 00:04:52,939 than Carlos I and Felipe II. 30 00:04:52,939 --> 00:04:59,480 The Lesser Habsburgs had many problems because there was an economic crisis in Europe. 31 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:07,079 In addition, they fought expensive wars and they weren't interested in ruling their kingdoms. 32 00:05:07,079 --> 00:05:18,459 In 1700, Carlos II died and it was the end of the Habsburg dynasty. 33 00:05:18,459 --> 00:05:25,939 The Golden Age is a period of time when great artists and writers developed the art and 34 00:05:25,939 --> 00:05:28,600 culture greatly. 35 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:35,819 It is divided by the Renaissance and Baroque. 36 00:05:35,819 --> 00:05:41,360 The Renaissance style was inspired by the Greek and Roman art. 37 00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:47,360 Some artists were El Greco, Santa Teresa de Jesus, San Juan de la Cruz and Gertilasso 38 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:58,959 de la Vega. 39 00:05:58,959 --> 00:06:04,480 On the other hand, the Baroque style was inspired by the Catholic Church. 40 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:16,410 It tried to express a lot of emotions, mixed lights and shadows. 41 00:06:16,410 --> 00:06:24,269 The Bourbon dynasty started to rule Spain in 1700. 42 00:06:24,269 --> 00:06:29,310 The Spanish-Secession war was an important conflict. 43 00:06:29,310 --> 00:06:36,180 The cause was the death of Carlos II without descendants. 44 00:06:36,180 --> 00:06:41,420 In 1713, the Treaty of Utrecht ended the war. 45 00:06:42,420 --> 00:06:50,199 Felipe III, the first Bourbon king of Spain, lost some power of its lands in Europe. 46 00:06:50,199 --> 00:06:57,189 Felipe III centralized the government. 47 00:06:57,990 --> 00:07:04,329 It means that he eliminated many local laws and institutions and he divided Spain into provinces. 48 00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:11,120 Some years later, Carlos III ruled Spain. 49 00:07:11,680 --> 00:07:17,180 He made many changes to improve the country and the lives of Spanish people. 50 00:07:17,180 --> 00:07:20,180 He introduced projects to modernize the country. 51 00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:29,620 The Enlightenment was a new way of thinking that became popular in Europe in the 18th century. 52 00:07:31,620 --> 00:07:35,620 People believed that everything should be based on logic. 53 00:07:35,620 --> 00:07:43,509 Some examples of that modernization in Spain that we can see today 54 00:07:43,509 --> 00:07:56,269 They are the Botanical Gardens, Puerta de Alcalá, the Prado Museum, Royal Astronomical Observatory, Museum of Natural History or the Royal Academies.