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hello until now we have studied digital

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inputs and digital means that there are

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only two possibilities high and low for

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instance when we press a button the

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arduino board read high with five bolts

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and when we were not pressing the

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button the board was zero or low

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they mean the same so in the

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same way then we have an LED

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like this one that's connected

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to thirteen

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for example if there was a current

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here then the output was high and

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the LED was shining but if there

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was no output the LED didn't shine

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or it was low

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okay hi the LED shines low the

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LED doesn't

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two options but today we're going to

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study something a little bit more complicated

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we're going to study analog inputs

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analog means that instead of having zero

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or five volts low or high we

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have any voltage from zero to five

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so it means we can have one

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two three one and a half two

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and a half two point two five

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three point four anything any range

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so every value from zero to five

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in that range can be read

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so how do we do that we

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are going to use a voltage divider

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like this one

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okay we have a voltage divider here

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on the board and this big picture

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on the screen

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now it has three terminals the one

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on the left will be connected to

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five volts through the red wire

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and the one on the right will

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be connected to the ground through the

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black wire

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and then the one in the middle

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is going to be the terminal variable

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and it's going to be connected here

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to this terminal at the bottom called

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a zero

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two can you see that here on

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the bottom right corner of the arduino

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board there are six analog inputs that

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say analog in it means that we're

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going to use these six connectors to

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read analog inputs so by using these

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connectors we can read a voltage any

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voltage from zero to five

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and we want to use a voltage

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divider to read them this way and

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we use the connector or the terminal

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in the middle here that is connected

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to a zero the green wire so

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how does it work so the terminals

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on the left and the right don't

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move there they are a fixed range

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the one on the left for instance

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will have five the one on the

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right will have zero

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the one that moves is the one

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in the middle so in real life

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and during the simulation you will be

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able to click and drag to move

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the dial i'll start a simulation to

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show you

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and in the program that if I

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click and drag it moves

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you can see that here

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okay now for the explanation so the

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one in the middle will move and

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the closer it is to the right

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side the one that is connected to

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the black wire the ground the closer

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this variable will be to zero

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and the closer the terminal is to

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the terminal on the left the closer

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the voltage will be to five volts

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so by clicking the middle and moving

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it will be sending different voltages from

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a zero

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from zero to five volts somewhere in

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that range

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okay so now today's exercise we're going

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to take a look at the blocks

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just forget about this last block though

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you do not need it for now

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we'll address it later

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we are going to read this as

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zero connector using the purple block for

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reading analog input a zero you can

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read from a zero to a five

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but now we're going to read a

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zero and we're going to store it

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here in the input variable

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now we've already defined the variable and

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here these four blocks

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without the last one forget about that

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well by now you can probably identify

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that these four together are a blink

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you see how we have

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thirteen high

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and we wait thirteen low and we

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wait so it's a blinking program

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but instead of having a fixed period

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of time we are using the variable

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that we have read as the blinking

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period of time because the input doesn't

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read numbers from zero to five volts

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so obviously we're reading values from zero

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to five volts but they will be

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translated from zero

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oh to one thousand twenty three okay

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we can see this in the simulation

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so I'm going to add this last

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block just to show these values that

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appear here on the bottom

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I want to start the simulation now

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watch the pointer turn on the dial

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now you can see where reading three

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hundred and forty eight

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if I move it all the way

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to the right terminal we're only reading

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zero

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the ground if I move it a

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little bit higher were reading eighty two

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if I move higher

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we're reading to twenty five

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and if I move a little bit

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closer to the red one

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it'll get higher let's wait

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it's six hundred fourteen

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and if I move even closer to

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read

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nine twenty one so it means that

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we're reading these values instead of the

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values simply being from zero to five

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they're reading from zero to one thousand

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twenty three there is a proportional relationship

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the highest is one thousand twenty three

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so this is because the arduino board

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uses integral numbers again let's forget about

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the last block

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because we are going to read a

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zero and store it in this variable

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and we are using the variable multiplied

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by two as a blinking period of

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time for the LED the LED is

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connected the same way as always terminal

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thirteen with ground connection and the protection

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resistor at

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two hundred and twenty ohms

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so again let's forget about the last

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block we're not going to use it

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anymore and I'm going to get rid

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of it

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the idea is that we're controlling the

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period of time the lcd will shine

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by using the analog input so let's

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let's actually start the simulation again

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and you will see that the closer

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the connectors to zero the shorter of

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the shorter the period of time that

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the LED will be shining and so

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the faster it will blink

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but if the number is higher

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then the period of time between blinks

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will be higher and the blinking will

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appear slower

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so this is just your first exercise

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okay you're going to reproduce this circuit

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and programme it now if you program

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it this way you'll have half of

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the assignment done

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so this is the first part

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okay let me stop the simulation and

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now to complete it and receive the

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second half of the assignment you will

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have to use a second analog dial

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you will connect it the same way

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it has been connected through a red

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wire to five volts

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maybe you will connect it in a

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different way and but with five volts

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here another red wire

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and the ground connection

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as well with the black wires

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this will be ground

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so that's the red and I mean

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need ground

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so there's a second connection to a

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one analog one and you will repeat

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this connection with a cell second LED

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connected using a second protection resistor as

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well

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and this one will be connected to

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twelve

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just right next to the first one

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okay

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another protection resistor

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two hundred twenty

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so I'll repeat the same connection with

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a second LED another resistor and the

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wires so you will have two LED

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and two voltage dividers and program

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it a different way so instead of

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controlling the blinking time you will use

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the control block since you now have

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two variables in

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put one and input two for instance

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and name them

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input one

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and you will read them the same

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way that we read the first one

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and again the same with the second

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one

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let's make this again for input two

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and that'll be called input two and

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you're going to read that for a

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a one instead of a zero

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and then here you will compare with

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the if block you already know how

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to compare higher and lower so if

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input one is higher than input two

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then one of the l these will

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blink

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if the other one is higher than

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the first one

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it means the opposite condition so maybe

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the other ltd will blank or something

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like that

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okay this is just one example I'm

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not going to complete this program on

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the video because you will complete it

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by yourselves

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so for example if the first condition

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is true then input zero is lower

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than input one and maybe thirteen will

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shine if a one is higher than

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a zero maybe twelve will shine you

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will compare the two variables input one

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input two

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input one input two

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and then you will decide which LED

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is going to shine in the

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program may be number thirteen here maybe

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number twelve here

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okay so you complete the code

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currently it is not complete if you

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try to simulate this as it is

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it won't work because it's not fully

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programmed so you will complete it

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and this is the second part of

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the exercise okay rewatch this if you

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need to and good luck