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And this is the last presentation for today about programming.

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Programming is the application of other important things.

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We are going to talk about computational thinking and algorithms

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Which are a way you can solve problems in your daily life or in your personal life or in your career. It's very useful, this context. But they are also very difficult.

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It is also very useful, flowcharts and its applications, and finally we are going to do some programs using Scratch and a little bit of App Inventor.

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inventor is not very important because I think nowadays it is odd so it's not

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useful and if you if you can program with a scratch it will be enough in

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order to solve the project the problems the problems usually are very complex so

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So, you should discompose the problems in very simple problems, which are easy to solve.

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Besides this, sometimes you can categorize the problems and find a pattern which can solve a lot of problems.

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abstractions can solve a lot of problems.

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Finally, you can design a series of abstractions

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or order a step for performing an activity for solving a problem

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and this is an algorithm.

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In order to express algorithms

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You can use a flowchart. A flowchart is a set of symbols connected by arrows.

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And, for example, you have this one to start and end an algorithm.

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This one to input or output something. This one for processes and this one for decisions.

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If you do a good sequence and connect all of these with arrows, you have a flowchart.

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Apart from this, the programs and the algorithms can be categorized into three basic or simple structures.

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For example, this is a sequential algorithm that consists in one task and another.

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you can do two tasks at the same time and this structure is in the selective

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and iterative structure so it's very important that you know what you have to

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do these two symbols are important to know it and after that you have to defeat

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decisions and know the variables and constants you you will need in your

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program you could need you might need then you have to they then a value which

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is the the first the initial value and after that the operation operators or

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actions if you include in your algorithm and flowchart this symbol which is

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decision obviously it's a selective structure and you can do one task or

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another depending on a something a condition finally if you repeat a loop

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you have an interactive structure and it's very common in programming that you

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mixture different structures to build a very complex algorithm. Well, these

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algorithms need to be translated to the computer and for this you use

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the programming the programming language which can be a high level if are similar

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to human language or can be low level if they are more similar to the machine to

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be more come to to put all of this in practice in our subject we are going to

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use Scratch. Scratch is an object-oriented programming language

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and in this slide you can see more or less the different parts of the

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Scratch. We will do one or two examples in order to clarify all of this.

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we also we we we should view something about App Inventor but I know you

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haven't have enough time for this and it is complex but App Inventor is very

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similar to Scratch what is different is that it is used to to do apps for a

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smartphone, but nowadays it is off, so it's not important. As you can see, you

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have a layout for your screen, your mobile

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screen, and after that you can program it using blocks, a similarity to what you do

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in Scratch. To do examples put all of these in practice which is the most

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important because you have to learn how to program, you have to learn programming but

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you have to practice programming, it's the best way to learn all of this