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EV 3ESO - 05 We are moral beings - Contenido educativo
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Morality is a consitutive part of our human essence, but what does this mean?
What is the difference between people and other animals?
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Perhaps you think that the big difference is that we are more intelligent or that we speak a language, which is true.
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But there is also a very important difference between animals and people, and it's the moral aspect of human action.
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Human beings are moral beings.
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We can freely decide what to do, unlike animals that behave instinctively.
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That's why some philosophers say that morality is part of our constitution, our essence, what we really are.
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For example, the French philosopher Sartre thought that human beings are forced to be free.
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You're choosing what to do all the time.
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Now you're choosing to listen to this video.
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You can't stop watching the video, of course, but if you do that, then you're choosing to stop seeing it.
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So, whatever you do, you are deciding.
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That's why Sartre said that human beings are forced to be free.
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We have no option but choosing what to do all the time.
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But we don't call everything that we do a free action.
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Free actions are those that are conscious and volunteer.
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So, when you know what you do, and you do it because you want,
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then you are doing a free action.
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You're exercising what philosophers call your free will, your ability to decide how to behave.
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In this sense, animals are different. Animals behave instinctively.
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They might have very complex behavior, for example, a bird building a nest.
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But this behavior is genetically structured and it is fixed and it's based on instinct.
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So, only human beings can do a complex action because it is something that we decide and something that we are conscious of.
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Free actions imply responsibilities.
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Human beings are responsible of their actions because we have chosen to do them.
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Animals are not.
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It wouldn't make any sense to put a lion into jail because it killed a person.
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Well, if the animal is hungry and it is a wild animal, it will kill to it.
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We cannot blame the animal for doing that because the animal is following its instinct.
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But people are different.
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If I kill someone, I know what I'm doing.
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I do it because I want.
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it is a free, conscious, deliberate action, so I can be punished for choosing to do that
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because I could have done otherwise. That is the meaning of responsibility. We are responsible
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of those actions that we consciously and voluntarily take because we could have done
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them differently. What is the meaning of the word responsibility? Responsibility comes from
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respond. It means we have to respond of our actions, meaning that we have to give a justification,
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an explanation about why we chose to do that and not something different. We need an argument
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to support our choices. And responsibility also means that we must repair the damage
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that our action might have caused to other people. That's why we say that only people
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have a real action. We are only capable of action if we're human. Animals also have different and
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complex behaviors, what we call those behaviors conduct. There is a difference between conduct
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and action. Action is free and it's volunteer. So, which are the different faculties, the different
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abilities of human beings that take place when we carry out an action, a voluntary action.
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First of all, the intelligence, because whenever we do something, we do it because we want to
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achieve a certain goal, an objective. Everything you do, you do it for a purpose, you do it with
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an objective. Philosophers call this intentionality. They say that human action is intentional
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because every human action has an object. The second faculty, the second ability
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that is implied in action is our decision, our free will, our capacity to
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decide what to do. And the third one is the will, the determination to do it.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- César Prestel
- Subido por:
- César Pedro P.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 35
- Fecha:
- 5 de octubre de 2020 - 19:55
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 04′ 49″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 277.94 MBytes
