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Reformation 1

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Subido el 17 de marzo de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Hello everyone, today we are going to start with the Unit 7, as you can see in the title, Europe in the age of Carlos V and Felipe II. 00:00:00
So we are going to start studying the 16th century. 00:00:09
You know, we have seen the Catholic monarchs, the Catholic monarchs reigned in Castile and Aragon in the 16th century, at the end of the 15th century and in the early 16th century. 00:00:14
So, you know, Carlos V is going to succeed the Catholic monarchs and he is going to be the king of Castile and Aragon at the same time and other territories in Europe along with America. 00:00:27
So, let's check the index of this unit. 00:00:43
We are going to start with the Protestant Reformation. 00:00:46
This is what we are going to start seeing now. 00:00:48
After that, we will talk about the religious work and the Counter-Reformation. 00:00:51
If you check by the names, we are going to start with this religious movement and then we are going to explain how the Catholics are going to react against this movement. 00:00:55
After that, we will talk about the Habsburg dynasty. 00:01:07
This is the new dynasty in Spain and it is going to start with Carlos V and it is going to continue with Felipe II. 00:01:11
finally this last point spanish culture in the 16th century we are not going to see it because 00:01:20
you are going to study it in literature and language okay so you're going to study this 00:01:27
with tema so what we are going to do is to study the first five points and we are going to be 00:01:33
with the protestant reformation so let's check the protestant reformation the point number one 00:01:40
so the first thing is you need we are going to see a brief introduction in order to understand 00:01:47
why there is going to be a protestant reformation or why this religious movement is going to begin 00:01:54
or is going to start in europe in the 16th century so the first thing you need to know 00:02:00
is the characteristics of this church of the church in the early modern age remember we are 00:02:05
talking about catholicism we are talking about the catholic church we are talking about the pope 00:02:12
the cardinals all of the different people working for the church the clergy etc so the first thing 00:02:17
is that they are going to have an important social weight it means the society in the society the 00:02:26
church is going to have a really important role okay so it means everyone believe in god 00:02:33
okay so everyone in the society in the 16th century is going to believe in god and is going 00:02:41
to explain everything based on god you can think okay but we have talked about humanism okay and 00:02:47
this humanism and the renaissance is going to be against this idea that everything is going to be 00:02:56
explained by god that is true but the problem is renaissance and humanism is only going to affect 00:03:03
to a small quantity of people it means it's going to affect to the intellectuals but in this case 00:03:10
when we are talking about the society in general the peasants we are going to talk about the clergy 00:03:17
part of the nobility and the king they are going to believe in god remember the king his power 00:03:23
is based on god like god has chosen this king in order to be the king okay so everyone is going to 00:03:31
believe in god so thanks to this they are going to give extremely importance to the church okay 00:03:38
the second idea is the culture was deeply influenced by religion what does that mean 00:03:44
it means for example the production the artistic production is going to be based on religiousness 00:03:51
is going to be based on jesus christ jesus christ jesus christ the virgin mary okay why is here 00:03:57
David. David is related to the Bible, is one of the, or is related with one of the stories 00:04:06
in the Bible. So everything in the end is related with Catholicism. As you can see they 00:04:15
are representing the bodies perfectly, not in this case because this is Gothic art, it's 00:04:23
in the end of the 15th century, but these ones are in the 16th century. They are going 00:04:29
to represent the human body perfectly okay so the culture it means how they understand the world 00:04:35
how they look at the world how they explain the world is going to be based on religion the next 00:04:46
step is every town and city had a church or cathedral it is really important check these 00:04:53
two towns what is the most important building if you check the landscape okay the most important 00:04:59
building is the bigger one and is the highest one so is the church if you check the church is in the 00:05:04
center more or less is in the center of the town so the church if you remember from last year 00:05:11
they have the bells and with the bells they are going to give information to the whole town 00:05:17
they are going to tell if there is they are going to notice to the population if there is for example 00:05:23
a fire, if someone has death, etc. So the idea of the church or the importance of the 00:05:30
church in the 16th century is clear if we also check the structure of the different 00:05:38
towns. The church is in the center, the church is the biggest and highest building and remember 00:05:46
everyone here is going to go to mass in order to listen to the priest. So as you can see 00:05:52
The social weight of the church in the 16th century is really important because everyone believes in God. 00:05:59
Second, the culture is going to be deeply influenced by the religion. 00:06:05
It means how they are going to understand the world, how they are going to explain the world, how they are going to behave is going to be based on the Catholic dogma. 00:06:09
It means they are going to follow the Catholic rules given by the Pope or the priest in the church, okay? Or the cathedral, depending on the size of the city. 00:06:20
Also remember, the clergy, the church is a privileged institution, it means, remember the clergy is part of the privileged social groups, they are not unprivileged, they are privileged, and as they are privileged, as they have this privilege, they do not pay taxes. 00:06:35
So thanks to this, okay, they do not pay taxes, but also they are going to obtain or collect taxes from the humble people, from the unprivileged people. 00:06:55
I don't know if you remember this from last year, but we saw these five type of incomes of the church. 00:07:09
Okay, we talk about the church having different houses or buildings and renting them. 00:07:15
Second, we talk about donations. 00:07:21
so if I'm going to die 00:07:24
in my will I'm going to write 00:07:26
I want all my possessions to 00:07:28
be inherited by the church 00:07:30
so what I want is the church 00:07:33
to have my belongings 00:07:35
my properties 00:07:36
also remember 00:07:39
they are going to sell different products 00:07:40
if you go to a convent 00:07:42
or if you go to 00:07:44
a monastery 00:07:46
you can buy different things 00:07:47
you can buy for example different products 00:07:49
produced by the friars or the priests, okay? Also, what we are going to find is 00:07:52
manorial rights. What is this? I don't know if you remember, but the clergy, as 00:08:00
they are privileged, they are part of the population that they have... they are 00:08:05
feudal lords, to sum up. They are going to be feudal lords. It means they control a 00:08:14
piece of land and they are going to have peasants working these lands so part of 00:08:20
the production of the lands is going to go to the clergy it means imagine a 00:08:25
cardinal the cardinal has a big piece of land okay so in that situation he is 00:08:33
going to have or she or he is going to have sorry different peasants working 00:08:41
the lands or taking care of the livestock. Part of the production extracted from this livestock 00:08:46
or from the different lands is going to go to the church, is going to go to the cardinal. 00:08:54
So part of the yield, the production, is going to go to the cardinal. Apart from these four 00:09:02
different type of incomes, we are going to have the fifth one. One really important, the tithe. 00:09:08
I do not remember, I don't know if you remember what is the tithe. 00:09:13
The tithe means everyone, every person that is part of the non-privileged people has to pay 10% of their harvest. 00:09:18
It means the peasants need to pay 10% of their harvest to the cardinal, to the priest, to the abbot, etc. 00:09:30
So it means everyone that is having or having lands producing agricultural products needs to pay the 10% of this production to the clergy, to the priest or to the cardinal, etc. 00:09:45
so thanks to these taxes 00:10:06
and that they are not paying taxes 00:10:10
they are going to be rich 00:10:13
so the cardinals are going to be rich 00:10:16
part of the priests are going to be rich 00:10:19
of course not those that they are going to live 00:10:21
in a small town 00:10:24
so these ones that they are going to have 00:10:26
of course most of the lands 00:10:29
that they do not pay taxes 00:10:31
that they have these specific religious taxes 00:10:33
are going to be rich okay so this is the idea what we have is a church that has 00:10:36
an important social weight in the society and also that they are going to 00:10:45
be a privileged institution that they are not going to pay taxes that they are 00:10:50
going to collect these five type of taxes and they are going to control most 00:10:55
of the land so now let's begin with the reformation okay what is the reformation 00:10:59
Let's read first this introduction. The Reformation was a religious movement. It's inside the church. This movement is going to start inside the church. And it's going to begin in the first half of the 16th century. We are talking about the early 16th century. We are not talking about the 15th century. We are talking about the 16th century. 00:11:05
So the problem is this reformation, reformar, to change, cambiar, this movement is going to provoke the division in the Christian church. 00:11:26
It means inside the Catholic church we are going to have a division. 00:11:40
Those that they are going to be in favor of the Pope and those that they are going to be in favor of the reformation. 00:11:44
okay so inside the church we are going to have a group of people that they are going to criticize 00:11:51
the church itself and they want to change it that's the reformation a religious movement 00:11:58
that wants to change the church the catholic church okay and thanks to this movement the 00:12:05
church is going to be divided in two different areas or two different branches sorry one that 00:12:12
is going to support the pope and the church itself and the other that is going to support 00:12:17
to change this church in a different way the thing is before explaining exactly what they want 00:12:23
we need to understand how was the church in this moment what are the causes the characteristics of 00:12:29
the catholic church that is going to make this movement this reformation this religious movement 00:12:36
to appear so there are going to be five main different causes okay the first one is the low 00:12:42
clergy's lack of training it means if you go to a small village you are going to find a priest there 00:12:50
okay he is going to be poor but it's not only going to be poor because he has no money he's 00:12:56
going to be poor because he has no knowledge maybe they are going to be illiterate it means 00:13:01
they do not know how to write 00:13:07
they do not know how to read 00:13:10
apart from that 00:13:13
they are not going to behave properly 00:13:16
what does it mean to not behave properly? 00:13:18
it means that they are not going to follow 00:13:21
the Christian dogma or the Catholic dogma 00:13:23
it means, for example 00:13:26
this low clergy could have a baby 00:13:27
they are not supposed to 00:13:31
but they are going to have it 00:13:33
or they are not going to follow some of the rules related with, for example, what to eat or what not to eat. 00:13:34
For example, during Easter, Semana Santa, you know that if you are Catholic, you cannot eat meat. 00:13:45
Maybe this type of clergy is going to eat meat. 00:13:54
Maybe because he doesn't know he is not supposed to eat meat. 00:13:58
or because he is going to take advantage of his position 00:14:04
and he is going to admit, okay? 00:14:08
The second characteristic is that a high cleric is going to be a bad example 00:14:13
and they are going to be a bad example because of what I was saying 00:14:17
related with a lack of training in the low cleric 00:14:20
because in this case they are going to have a lot of money, okay? 00:14:23
And they are not going to respect, okay, these morals that they are preaching. 00:14:26
It means, for example, they are going to have babies. 00:14:34
For example, they are going to have a lot of money. 00:14:37
For example, they are going to collect taxes from the humble people. 00:14:39
It means they are rich and they are going to be richer thanks to these humble people, these poor people, okay? 00:14:43
So this is the third course, the church wealth, okay? 00:14:52
So the first one is we are going to have a low clergy with lack of training. 00:14:56
It means they are going to be illiterate or they are not going to behave properly. 00:15:00
They are going to be doing things or behaving in not a Christian way. 00:15:03
Second, the high clergy is going to be a bad example. 00:15:10
They are going to show a bad example to the society. 00:15:16
They are going to be rich, they are going to have babies, 00:15:19
they are going to use their power to control the society. 00:15:21
Third, the church wealth. 00:15:26
It means the church is going to have a lot of money, 00:15:29
and they are going to acquire part of this money 00:15:32
thanks to the taxes obtained from the humble population. 00:15:35
It means they are going to obtain money out of the poor, 00:15:40
out of the poor people. 00:15:44
So this is not the Christian way to do things. 00:15:46
Are you understanding now why this reformation movement is going to appear? 00:15:49
is because they are against all these different characteristics 00:15:53
of the church in the Sistine Center. 00:16:00
Remember St. Peter in the Vatican City. 00:16:03
To build this, you need a lot of money 00:16:06
and they are going to obtain this money thanks to their taxes 00:16:08
and other different ways. 00:16:11
We are going to see it right now. 00:16:14
Remember the luxury of this type of churches 00:16:16
or cathedrals or basilicas. 00:16:20
so of course they are going to obtain money also selling possessions but with all this wealth they 00:16:22
are going to buy also buildings they are going to buy ships they are going to buy anything they need 00:16:30
anything they want okay so what we are going to talk is about a privileged social class that they 00:16:37
have a lot of money they are going to have an extraordinary social weight and they are going 00:16:44
to have also an important political power the last part is the sale of indulgences what is 00:16:51
what are indulgences okay let's try to explain this easily so let's go back to Easter let's go 00:17:00
back to Semana Santa as I said in Semana Santa if you are a Catholic you cannot eat meat for example 00:17:10
Okay, you cannot admit on Friday. So, if you want to admit because you are a noble, you have money, you said, okay, I want to admit, I do not want to follow, okay, this Catholic dogma or this custom, okay, this religious custom. 00:17:20
In order to do that, the church is going to say, okay, perfect, do you want to admit this day? Perfect, there is no problem, I am going to give you an indulgence. What is an indulgence? An indulgence is a paper that says, okay, the priest, this priest or this clergy, I mean this cardinal, etc., is allowing this people or this person to admit that day, okay? 00:17:38
In exchange of this indulgence, he, the noble or her or she, the noble is going to pay money for this indulgence. So thanks to this money, the church can buy different possessions. 00:18:03
the church is going to be wealthy okay and also this high clergy is going to have a lot of money 00:18:20
so if you check this is one of the ways not only the taxes to acquire money okay the church 00:18:27
so the church is going to get money from these taxes and also selling indulgences so these people 00:18:39
that they are going to start this religious movement 00:18:46
the reformation that wants to change 00:18:48
all of this is because of these 00:18:51
five causes because the church 00:18:53
is not giving 00:18:55
training to the 00:18:57
its low clergy 00:18:58
they are going to have 00:19:00
a high clergy that is not going to be 00:19:03
a bad example for the society 00:19:05
they are going to have a lot of money 00:19:06
they can buy and sell 00:19:09
different possessions and finally 00:19:10
they are selling these indulgences 00:19:13
okay indulgencias in spanish okay so it means these papers that they are going to let people 00:19:15
not to follow okay part of the customs or the morals that the different clergy the clergy 00:19:23
is preaching okay for example they are talking about sins pecados so i have committed a sin 00:19:33
So, if I do not change this situation, I will go to hell when I'm dead. 00:19:42
So, the idea is, in order to go to heaven, I'm going to pay for this paper that is going to say, 00:19:51
there is no problem, we are going to accept your money in exchange of this indulgence 00:19:59
that is going to let you go to heaven when you will die. 00:20:06
so when we talk about the reformation 00:20:12
it is this religious movement 00:20:15
that is going to attack 00:20:16
not attack exactly, it is going to criticize 00:20:18
the situation of the church in this moment 00:20:21
in order to understand 00:20:23
why is really important this religious movement 00:20:25
you need to understand 00:20:27
the social weight 00:20:28
the economic and political power of the church 00:20:30
in the 16th century 00:20:33
that we have seen 00:20:35
and also the characteristics of this church 00:20:36
that is making these people 00:20:39
ok wanted to change the situation 00:20:42
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
13
Fecha:
17 de marzo de 2020 - 19:02
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
20′ 51″
Relación de aspecto:
2.05:1
Resolución:
1920x936 píxeles
Tamaño:
53.00 MBytes

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