Population 3.
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So, let's going to continue with the next point of the unit, which is that related to the European population, right?
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So, population distribution.
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Europe's population density is about 121 inhabitants per square kilometer.
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The countries with the highest population densities are Monaco, Belgium, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.
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Among the less populated countries in Europe are Norway, Sweden and Finland.
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It's an important data. About 75% of the European population lives in urban areas.
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So they live in cities, small cities or big cities, but urban areas, right?
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The biggest cities are Moscow, Paris, London, Madrid, Berlin, Rome and Athens.
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Paris, 20,909 km2, L'Hospital de Llobregat, 20,336 km2, and Athens, 19,135 km2, are the most densely populated cities in Europe.
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And here you have the map with the inhabitants of the different European countries, right?
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Different colors.
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Let's going to move on to the next point, which is the characteristics of the population of Spain.
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So in this unit, we are learning about the concepts that are important in order to know
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about demography and population. And now we are learning about the population in Europe and the
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population in Spain, right? We will focus on Spain. So we are learning a little bit about Europe,
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but this part will be focused on the data from Spain, right?
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Characteristics of the population of Spain.
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The population of Spain increased steadily during the 20th century.
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In 1900 there were approximately 18 million of inhabitants in Spain.
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Today Spain's population is about 46 million.
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And here you have a graph, right? With the population of Spain in the last centuries,
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right? The last centuries in 1900 and in 2016, right? Positive natural increase. Although the
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birth rate has not increased, the death rate has decreased. Like other European countries,
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Spain has more elderly people than even before, which means it has an aging population, right?
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The birth rate has not increased. The birth rate is a number of children per female or per family,
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right? Here in 1900 each family had an average of five kids, right? And today the average is
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1.3, right? So the birth rate has not increased, has decreased, right? In 1995 it was
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even lower but now is 1.3. And the death rate has also decreased because
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Because the life expectancy was in 1900 of 35 years.
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The life expectancy was 35 years.
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Which means that you were an elder people.
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Now, which means that people usually died when they were 35 or surrounded the 35 years, right?
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Fortunately, today, the life expectancy has increased, right?
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It's surrounded the 85, 80 something, right?
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So, the death rate has decreased because we have medicines, right, because the life expectancy is higher, right, but we have an aging population, so we will have the same problem that we have seen when we read about Europe.
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Because in the future, we are going to have the same people over 65 years and that's young people.
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So we won't have enough people to support the pensions and to support the insurance service or the public services.
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So we will have a problem with it.
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Positive actual increase.
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many people come to Spain that many more people come to Spain to live it right
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there are now more than 4 million immigrants living here in Spain most
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come to Spain looking for work and a better life or because of natural
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disaster or social problems in their own countries right so we have we have a
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population of around the 46 million inhabitants and four million of them are immigrants.
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Life expectancy. Life expectancy, as I told you, is the average number of years that a person
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is expected to live. In 1900 the average life expectancy in Spain was 35 years.
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Fortunately, I am in 2020. Now, it's about 83 years, although this number varies from men and women.
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Spain's longevity is one of the highest in the world. Life expectancy in Spain has increased since 1900 because medical care and hygiene have improved.
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and nutritious food is more widely available, right. So here you have the graph and we will
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see the difference between men and women, right. And let's going to see the last part of this unit
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which is the distribution of the Spain population, right. Spain has, well I have one more page,
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we have one more page but it's one more page but it's really easy. The distribution of the Spanish
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population. Spain has a population density of 93 inhabitants per square kilometers but
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that density changes if we are talking about one place or another place. This is low compared to
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other European countries and 80 percent of Spanish inhabitants live in urban areas, right? They would
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like to live in the village now that we have to stay at home but we live in urban areas so we have
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to stay at home. The most densely populated areas in Spain are large cities and coastal regions,
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right? And here I'm going to try to make it bigger but I don't know if it's going to work.
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No, I'm going to try just to put it for you. Too much maybe. Right, you will see more than
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five million people in the community of Madrid. The autonomous community of Madrid has more than
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six million people living in this small place, right? From one to five million people, right?
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Those areas, no, those areas, Asturias, some parts of Galicia, some provinces in Andalusia,
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the coastal areas, Canary Island, Balearic Island, right? And we will see that fewer than
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25,000 people, right? So we have Castillas, right? Soria, Segovia, Avila, Zamora, Valencia,
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West Catedral, right? And we have areas that are empty areas, right? We will see, yes, during the
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60s many people from the central areas of Spain moved to work to Madrid or they immigrated to
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Catalonia to work and that's the reason why they have a lot of people living on
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there and we have that part of Spain almost empty not empty but with a lower
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population density and we will say the migration trends in Spain let me put it
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for you to have a look on it yes much better oops and we will continue with
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this point. Migration trends in Spain. There are three types of migratory movements. International
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immigration, international internal migration, and international immigration. During the 20th
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century, Spain experienced all three, right? International immigration. International
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immigration is when people leave their own country to move to another country. In the first half of
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the 20th century, many Spanish people emigrated to the Americas. In the 60s and 70s, people started
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emigrating to European countries such as Germany, the United Kingdom, and France, right? You will
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see here, right? The first half of the 20th century, which people emigrate from Spain to
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the Americas, right? And here you see how they emigrated to the European countries, right?
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Internal migration. Internal migration is when people move from one area to another area in
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their own country. So, you have the example. Your teachers, Eunice and Laura, are from different
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cities in Spain and they are working, we are working in, we are living in Madrid because we
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have a job here, right? In the second half of the 20th century, about 4 million people from rural
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areas moved to cities to find work in factories. This process is known as rural exodus. You will
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have, I don't know if you have village in which you spend the summer or the holidays in which your
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grand your grandparents live but you will see that with a simple example for instance
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in my village in summer there are many many people living on it but when the winter came
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they moved to the city because they bought a house in the city in the capital city
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in Burgos, because in the 60s they moved to work and they moved to the city, but they kept the
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house they have from the village. This is rural exodus, right? Various consequences, overcrowded
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cities, ciudades con mucha población. Environmental problems such as air of water pollution in the
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big city, in the biggest cities. High unemployment among rural immigrants. Yes, and the places
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that are empty, they lose the opportunities they have to grow and to exist because they will
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disappear sooner or later and lack of food supplies if no ones work in the countryside
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you won't have olive oil you won't have meat you won't have food right because we need people
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working on the countryside growing the fields and helping us to have food right so here you have
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the main areas of emigration the ones who move to the other place right the
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Castillas, Extremadura part of Andalusia and Galicia too right other areas of
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emigration and the main areas of immigration and on the foreign todos
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right in Burgos and the north of a Castilla to the Basque country and to
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Madrid and in Andalusia to Barcelona and in some parts of the north of
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Spain to Barcelona too. And later we have those places in which we have textile factories, right?
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And here this part of Andalusia. And just we are going to have a look on these two pages in which
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they talk about international immigration. Sorry, let me write. International immigration is when
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people moved from one country to another country. At the end of the 20th century, the situation
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changed in Spain and Spain started receiving immigrants from other countries. In 2015,
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there were about 4.4 million immigrants in Spain. Most of them were from Romania, Morocco, the
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United Kingdom, Italy and Ecuador. You will see here the distribution of immigrants in Spain.
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As you can see, people move to the places in which they can find a job, right? So, in Barcelona and
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Madrid, more than the 13%, right? And in the coastal, because of the tourists, they are
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touristic areas in which you can find a job to work, right? And you will see that fewer than
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the four percent of the immigrants came to that area. And that's all, this is the end of the unit
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and you will have some exercise on the on the page that I sent you with the homework. Bye bye!
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- Subido por:
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