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Transforming Flight - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Connect segment explaining NASA's involvement in transforming the future of aircraft. The segment also looks at how biology is used in aircraft design, the relationship between pressure and force, and how computer simulators help with design.

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Wow, Ken, this simulator for the 1903 flyer is so different from the simulator for the 00:00:00
1902 flyer. 00:00:07
It really is. 00:00:08
Oh, thank you so much. 00:00:09
Thank you. 00:00:11
Okay, let's review. 00:00:12
So far, we've learned how civilizations throughout history have dreamt of flight. 00:00:14
We've seen how the engineering method can be used for solving complex problems and making 00:00:18
dreams a reality. 00:00:23
And you've applied a bit of the engineering method yourself by building kites and evaluating 00:00:25
their performance. 00:00:29
So what does all this have to do with NASA today? 00:00:30
Well, Anna McGowan at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, has the scoop. 00:00:33
How can biology be helpful in designing aircraft? 00:00:42
What is the relationship between pressure and force? 00:00:46
Why are the computational relations important to the aircraft design process? 00:00:48
Wright Brothers discovered ways to sustain control flight. 00:00:54
Today at NASA, the challenge is to research ways to make flight safer and more efficient. 00:00:57
One piece of research NASA is doing is called the Morphing Project. 00:01:02
The Morphing Project is part of the next generation of breakthrough vehicle technologies. 00:01:06
It's about designing the airplane of tomorrow and changing the world again in the process, 00:01:10
much like the Wright Brothers' invention changed the world they lived in. 00:01:16
We got the word morphing from the word metamorphosis. 00:01:20
The word morph means to change, and we're using a lot of advanced materials and technologies 00:01:23
to research how to make airplanes change from one configuration to the other. 00:01:29
That's what engineers and scientists in NASA's Morphing Project are trying to do, transform 00:01:33
the future of flight. 00:01:37
How are you transforming the future of flight? 00:01:38
That's a great question. 00:01:42
The Wright Brothers were inspired by watching birds soar. 00:01:43
And they designed their airplanes with wings that could manipulate the wind. 00:01:46
The Wrights didn't use flaps on their machines like airplanes have today. 00:01:51
In the Morphing Project, we were working on making airplanes as versatile as a bird is. 00:01:55
So we're taking some lessons learned from nature, just like the Wright Brothers did. 00:02:00
We're researching and testing many advanced technologies. 00:02:04
One area is called smart materials. 00:02:08
We call these materials smart materials because unlike traditional materials, these materials 00:02:11
actually move when you apply a stimulus like voltage or heat. 00:02:17
They're similar to muscle tissue in this way, so instead of using complicated mechanical 00:02:22
gears to move or control parts of future airplanes, NASA is looking at using these smart materials 00:02:26
as future control devices on airplanes. 00:02:33
Another advanced technology that we're studying is called adaptive structures. 00:02:37
In studying the structures for future flight, we're actually looking at technologies that 00:02:41
can change the shape of parts of the wing during flight. 00:02:46
Why do you want to change the shape of the wings during flight? 00:02:50
Well, all wings must be able to adapt to different flight conditions. 00:02:54
Birds do this by gently bending and twisting their wings while they fly. 00:02:58
In today's airplanes, we're using flaps and slats to adjust the wings to different flight 00:03:03
conditions. 00:03:08
In the future, we're hoping to enable wings to gently change shape in many different ways, 00:03:09
similar to birds. 00:03:15
This is one example of an adaptive structure that we're working on. 00:03:17
This wing changes shape for different flight conditions. 00:03:21
It's designed very different than today's airplane wings. 00:03:25
Today's airplane wings are typically hollow to hold fuel, and they're also very stiff. 00:03:28
This adaptive wing instead has a center spine to carry most of the aerodynamic load and 00:03:33
movable ribs to change shape during flight. 00:03:38
We design airplane wings using the principle of pressure. 00:03:41
The following algebraic equation should help you understand this principle. 00:03:46
Pressure is defined as the force divided by the area over which the force acts. 00:03:50
The force in this case is the aerodynamic load. 00:03:56
Have you ever popped a balloon with a nail? 00:04:00
It's pretty easy to pop the balloon with one nail because the force applied to the balloon 00:04:02
is acting over a very small area, only the head of the nail. 00:04:07
This means very large pressure. 00:04:12
Now if you try to pop the same balloon with a bed of nails applying the same amount of 00:04:15
force, you notice the balloon is very difficult to pop. 00:04:20
Why is that? 00:04:24
Because the area of the bed of nails is much larger than the area of the single nail. 00:04:25
If we refer back to the equation for pressure, if you keep the same force applied but increase 00:04:30
the area, pressure actually becomes much lower. 00:04:35
With this adaptive wing, we want to make sure the force or the aerodynamic load is distributed 00:04:39
evenly across the wing, preventing the wing from breaking. 00:04:44
We actually call this adaptive wing here the fishbone wing because it resembles the spine 00:04:48
and ribs of a fish. 00:04:53
To understand and design the fishbone wing, the engineers here at NASA use advanced computer 00:04:54
simulations. 00:04:59
These computer simulations help us understand the mechanics of the fishbone wing and tell 00:05:01
us how the wing will perform in real life. 00:05:05
We're even looking at new ways to control the airflow over the wings of future airplanes. 00:05:08
The study of airflow is called aerodynamics, and today's airplanes use large flaps to control 00:05:13
aerodynamics. 00:05:19
For future airplanes, we're developing technologies that use very small devices to control the 00:05:20
airflow on airplanes. 00:05:27
We call this micro flow control. 00:05:28
For example, tiny fluctuating jets that create a small plume of air on the surface of the 00:05:31
wing can be used to make the flow smoother and less turbulent, and this reduces drag. 00:05:37
By reducing drag, we can save on fuel costs and also reduce the amount of pollution coming 00:05:44
from the airplane engines. 00:05:49
Here's an example of one of these jets. 00:05:51
This device would suck in air and blow out air very rapidly to control the airflow over 00:05:53
the wing. 00:05:59
Now, several of these devices would be placed in a wing to control the airflow over an entire 00:06:00
wing. 00:06:04
Even this example is similar to how a bird flies. 00:06:05
In addition to twisting and bending their wings in flight, birds also rely on their 00:06:08
feathers to adjust the airflow over their wings. 00:06:13
Finally, we're applying the principle of biomimetics in the morphing project. 00:06:16
Biomimetics is the abstraction of good design from nature. 00:06:23
In other words, you look at how nature works for maximum achievement at minimal effort. 00:06:27
Today, we're even examining the shape of fish fins because, in a way, fish are flying through 00:06:32
the water. 00:06:38
Here are several examples of different fish fins that we're studying. 00:06:39
We actually work with marine biologists to understand how the fish swim and how they're 00:06:43
really efficient flyers. 00:06:48
We also study seagulls. 00:06:49
Seagulls can swim really well, and their unique wing shape is one of the many reasons they 00:06:51
fly so efficiently. 00:06:56
Here is an example of a wing that we would actually design for wind tunnel testing. 00:06:57
We call this the hyper-elliptical cambered span because of the really unique shape and 00:07:02
because we use ellipses to design this wing. 00:07:08
In the morphing project, we take lessons learned not only from biology, but we also use a lot 00:07:11
of advanced technologies, new math, new approaches, and new science to really make future airplanes 00:07:16
even safer than they are today. 00:07:22
We also want to make them more capable and able to fly in new and different ways. 00:07:24
We also want to make them more efficient to help with pollution and also reduce the cost of 00:07:28
flying. 00:07:33
NASA's morphing project is looking to the future and trying to transform the future of flight. 00:07:34
Thanks, Anna. 00:07:39
Now it's time for a cue card review. 00:07:40
How can biology be helpful in designing aircraft? 00:07:43
What is the relationship between pressure and force? 00:07:46
Why are computer simulations important in the aircraft design process? 00:07:50
If you're watching this on videotape, you'll want to pause the tape to discuss these questions. 00:07:54
Okay, did you get all that? 00:07:59
So far, we've seen how the Wright Brothers began powered flight for humans, and we've 00:08:01
seen how NASA is working to apply some of the early principles of flight that the Wright 00:08:05
Brothers perfected. 00:08:10
You know, aeronautics sure has seen a lot of changes in the last 100 years. 00:08:11
Let's visit Dan Giroux and his web domain. 00:08:15
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Idioma/s:
en
Materias:
Matemáticas
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
224
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 16:53
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
08′ 18″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
49.86 MBytes

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