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Class 30_05 2 - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 30 de mayo de 2024 por Irene A.

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Okay, so what have we studied so far? 00:00:00
Let's give a quick review, okay? 00:00:05
We have studied how are the male and female reproductive systems. 00:00:07
Then we have studied how to produce ova and spermatozoa, okay? 00:00:12
The sexual cells. 00:00:19
And then we have studied which layers they have and what is their structure, okay? 00:00:20
And now what I'm going to explain you is what happens if actually there is fertilization, okay? 00:00:26
So how is the new human going to be formed, okay? 00:00:32
And which things are going to happen, right? 00:00:37
Okay, good. 00:00:39
So we have here two situations. 00:00:41
First situation, the ovary, this is the ovary, okay? 00:00:43
The ovary produces one ovum. 00:00:47
We said we produce one every month, okay, around one month, and only from one of the ovaries, okay? 00:00:49
One month from the one on one side, the one on the right, and the other month, the next month, from the other ovary, the one on the left. 00:00:56
Fine, so this is the ovum that has just been released to the fallopian tube. 00:01:07
And when the ovum is here, two things can happen. 00:01:13
First of all, there is no fertilization. 00:01:17
If there are no spermatozoa around 00:01:19
There are no spermatozoa around 00:01:22
Or there are some 00:01:24
But there is no fertilization anyway 00:01:26
Because it doesn't work for a reason 00:01:28
Okay 00:01:30
Then the ovum, what is it going to do? 00:01:31
It's going to travel through the fallopian tube 00:01:34
And it will leave the body 00:01:36
Through the vagina 00:01:38
But we won't feel anything 00:01:39
Because the ovum is just one cell 00:01:41
So every month 00:01:43
When you don't get pregnant 00:01:46
You lose the ovum 00:01:47
but you don't realize because it's just one cell it's very tiny okay it's absolutely tiny right 00:01:49
okay so this is what usually happens right 00:01:55
okay so this is what what most of the times happen right the 00:02:13
produced it is produced it travels through the body and it gets out and nothing happens there 00:02:19
right but what happens if that time there were spermatozoa around the spermatozoa had to travel 00:02:25
right through the vagina then it goes through the uterus through the fallopian tube and they swim 00:02:32
in their own liquid and in your internal liquids okay they are swimming and they do it right many 00:02:38
of them reach the own womb this happens okay fine this is how we all have survived as a species and 00:02:44
we are doing it quite well because there are many humans in the planet okay yes question 00:02:51
I'm going to explain it anyway for everyone who comes to class, okay? 00:03:15
No, no, it's a concept of the objective. 00:03:18
We'll talk about the anti-conceptive aspects the next day, okay? 00:03:19
Because if not, I don't have time to talk about it, okay? 00:03:22
What are we going to do? 00:03:23
Another question that I can't answer now because I'm trying to explain. 00:03:25
Can we answer these questions? 00:03:28
The one about what we're going to do later and the other one, I'll answer it when I can explain it, okay? 00:03:31
Yes, if not, you don't give us the explanation today. 00:03:35
You already know that we don't have more time, okay? 00:03:37
Come on, nice. 00:03:40
Okay, so here we have the ovum and today the spermatozoids are there. Okay, finally, fantastic. Okay, so what do they do? They surround the ovum and one of them is going to release the enzymes from something it had in the head. 00:03:41
Can you tell me which structure the spermatozoid has in the head for that? 00:04:00
That I said a couple of classes ago, or in the last class even. 00:04:08
The acrosome. 00:04:12
The acrosome, yes, very good, okay. 00:04:13
In the head of the spermatozoid, there is a big vesicle with enzymes, 00:04:16
and those enzymes are going to leave the spermatozoid, okay, 00:04:20
and what are they going to do? 00:04:24
They are going to make like a little hole, como un agujerito, 00:04:26
in the ovum, okay? 00:04:30
They are going to digest and cut the membranes of the ovum. 00:04:32
And what is the intention of the spermatozoid? 00:04:37
Its intention is to put its nucleus, 00:04:41
el núcleo que tiene el material genético, 00:04:44
with the genetic material, inside the ovum, okay? 00:04:46
So, the male cell, 00:04:50
a ver, que quería ampliar esto un poco más, 00:04:55
the idea is that the spermatozoid is not going to enter full into the womb no no no just the nucleus 00:04:57
centers okay solo entra el nucleo vale el nucleo de la célula el resto del espermatozoide no entra 00:05:07
se queda fuera vale así pero cuando se entra de todos los que van todos uno y porque solo uno 00:05:12
porque no puedes tener tanto material genético solo puedes tener el tuyo y el de un macho o sea 00:05:19
A genetic material of a cell of a male. 00:05:25
I don't know if that's true. 00:05:27
Okay, so now we are going to explain that. 00:05:29
Okay, so when one of them makes it, when one of them puts its nucleus inside the ovum... 00:05:31
Not exactly. 00:05:39
As you are not exactly the same as... 00:05:41
Do you have siblings, brothers or sisters? 00:05:43
Yes. Are you exactly the same? 00:05:45
No. This is because the genetic material in the ovum and spermatozoid, they have a mix of genes. 00:05:47
No, I mean, when all the neurons go to the ovum, they are all the same. 00:05:54
No, they are not all the same. There are some small genetic changes. We will study that next year, in the fourth year. 00:06:00
The one that arrives first and the one that first manages to put its nucleus in the ovum. 00:06:07
There is one that will arrive first and will be able to put its nucleus. 00:06:15
Okay, so when that one makes it, the one that makes it before, 00:06:18
just the nucleus of one. 00:06:23
But they haven't entered. 00:06:26
Only one will enter, okay? 00:06:27
They haven't entered, only one will enter. 00:06:30
Okay, so when the nucleus of one of them is inside, 00:06:31
then what does the ovum do? 00:06:35
It creates a new membrane. 00:06:38
It's called the fertilizing membrane. 00:06:40
the fertilizing membrane 00:06:47
you have it here 00:06:49
so the ovum is going to create an extra layer 00:06:50
and then this layer is there 00:06:53
to prevent 00:06:56
other spermatozoa to put their 00:06:57
nucleus there 00:07:00
I repeat it in Spanish 00:07:00
¿Para qué crea el óvulo una nueva membrana? 00:07:02
La membrana que se llama de fecundación 00:07:06
en español o fertilization en inglés 00:07:07
¿Para evitar qué? 00:07:10
Que haya otra vez 00:07:12
¿Que venga quién? 00:07:13
¿Que entre quién? 00:07:15
The spermatozoa with the nucleus. 00:07:16
That another spermatozoid enters the nucleus. 00:07:17
Only one can enter. 00:07:19
Why? 00:07:21
Well, you'll see. 00:07:22
Because the chromosomes that the ovum has are a series of chromosomes 00:07:22
and it can only admit one chromosome of the spermatozoid. 00:07:27
And if another one comes, it would create an impossible human. 00:07:32
It has three chromosomes. 00:07:35
That doesn't exist. 00:07:36
Okay? 00:07:37
That's impossible. 00:07:38
That doesn't work. 00:07:39
And sometimes two can happen. 00:07:40
No, no. 00:07:41
No, no. 00:07:41
It never happens. 00:07:42
No, no. 00:07:43
No, no, never. 00:07:43
Okay? 00:07:44
If we put that it happened in the hypothetical case, that pregnancy would never continue, because there is no human with three chromosomes, we only have two. 00:07:44
We study this in more detail next year, in the fourth. 00:07:54
But that is another case, twins and twins. 00:07:58
No, no, no. 00:08:03
Siameses. 00:08:04
Siameses, that is a mistake during development. 00:08:05
That is a mistake in the development of the babies, very later. 00:08:08
That is to say that they are twins that have had a very big role in development, but they are already like some cases, we will talk about those cases later, we are going to count as usual and then the cases, yes? 00:08:12
Ok, fine, so here we tell do we get when we mix the genetic material of the ovum and the spermatozoid, we have them together now, how is that cell called, the new cell? 00:08:25
Tenemos una nueva célula con el material genético del macho y de la hembra, junta, esta célula, que la conocéis, el cigoto, the zygote, ok? The zygote. 00:08:40
This cell has the genetic material from the male and from the female, and this cell is the one that is going to make a new human, ok? So this cell is responsible of making the new human, ok? 00:08:52
so this cell now is going to start dividing and it's going to form what it's called an embryo 00:09:05
first and an embryo is it's just a group of cells that are dividing very quickly 00:09:12
and they start to differentiate which means they start to form the different tissues okay the 00:09:17
nervous tissue the muscular tissue but in the beginning just in the first six to ten days 00:09:24
after fertilization 00:09:32
then 00:09:34
this embryo is going to travel 00:09:36
towards the uterus 00:09:38
and when it reaches this position 00:09:39
when it's here 00:09:42
when it reaches 00:09:43
this position, it's like 00:09:46
as I said, let's say a week 00:09:48
a week or so after 00:09:50
fertilization. So let's imagine 00:09:52
in an ideal situation that the woman 00:09:54
is ovulating 00:09:56
on day 14, right? 00:09:57
Then 00:10:01
there is fertilization 00:10:01
so in the next week 00:10:05
the embryo is going to travel 00:10:07
through the fallopian tube 00:10:09
until it reaches the endometrium 00:10:10
and the endometrium is ready at that moment 00:10:12
because we said we were building 00:10:14
a nest for it, do you remember? 00:10:17
Progesterone was 00:10:20
high and we were building 00:10:21
a very good nest 00:10:23
for the embryo 00:10:24
so in the third week 00:10:25
if the embryo arrives 00:10:28
then it's going to be received 00:10:30
by a great nest 00:10:33
which is the endometrium newly formed 00:10:35
el endometrio recién formado 00:10:37
que habíamos hecho 00:10:39
lo hemos explicado antes con el ciclo menstrual 00:10:39
hemos hecho un endometrio nuevo, hacemos uno cada mes 00:10:42
en la segunda parte del ciclo 00:10:44
si ha habido embarazo 00:10:46
justamente el embrión baja y se encuentra con un endometrio 00:10:48
estupendo y recién formado 00:10:51
¿vale? porque el objetivo 00:10:52
es que se forme, que se quede allí 00:10:54
Okay, so if the embryo reaches the endometrium and it stays there, it stays there and staying there is called it implants, se implanta, ¿vale? Se implanta en el endometrio, se dice en español y en inglés igual, ¿okay? It implants in the endometrium and if it manages to stay there, then the pregnancy will continue. 00:10:57
And what happens then? I'm going back to my skin, okay? Just for a moment. Okay. So, ovulation, right? If there is fertilization, a few days later, a few days later, this ovum fertilized is going to find an endometrium, which is great, right? Great to receive it. 00:11:19
And then if there is fertilization at this stage, then the embryo produces a different hormone that you don't have in your books and it has a difficult name, which is called casually, quiero decir, se llama de forma coloquial la hormona del embarazo, se le llama, ¿vale? La hormona del embarazo. 00:11:41
If there has been an implantation of the embryo, the embryo produces a new hormone. 00:12:01
And what do you think that new hormone will do? 00:12:05
Will it allow menstruation to come here on the 28th? 00:12:07
No, then we destroy the embryo. 00:12:11
If the rule comes, then the embryo leaves because all the endometrium is broken, we have said. 00:12:14
So what does the embryo do? It produces a hormone called the pregnancy hormone. 00:12:21
You don't have it out there either, but you know it. 00:12:26
That pregnancy hormone is the one that detects a pregnancy test, okay? 00:12:29
If you take a pregnancy test, because it's been, I don't know, 28, 32 days, 00:12:35
and normally you should have come to the rule, and you've had sexual relations, 00:12:41
and you're worried, because let's see if you've had it and you're pregnant, okay? 00:12:44
And you decide to take your pregnancy test, okay? 00:12:48
What do you do? You urinate in the pregnancy test, okay? 00:12:51
It's called PIS, urine, okay? 00:12:53
The pregnancy test is what detects the urine. 00:12:56
If your body is producing pregnancy hormone. Who has produced that hormone? If it is the embryo, okay? The embryo that is here. Let's see, okay? If the embryo is here and produces pregnancy hormone, that hormone, like all hormones, goes to the blood. And remember that the blood was filtered in the kidney and goes to the urine, okay? 00:12:58
so why is that hormone measured in the urine because that is where it has to be measured in the urine 00:13:21
because everything that is in the blood at the end is filtered and it ends in the urine and remembering 00:13:27
yes then if I have a pregnancy test and there is pregnancy then it comes out positive because there is a 00:13:31
pregnancy hormone and if it comes out negative because if maybe it is that the test is very soon and 00:13:37
the levels are still very low or maybe it is that I am not pregnant and I just have to wait a little 00:13:43
One of the two things has to happen, right? 00:13:47
Either she ends up giving me the rule or she ends up giving the pregnancy test positive, right? 00:13:50
One of the two things has to happen, right? 00:13:55
Questions? No? Not right now? 00:13:58
Okay, so we are going to continue thinking that today we do have a pregnancy, okay? 00:14:02
We are pregnant. So what happens now? 00:14:09
That's what we are going to do, okay? 00:14:12
Okay, let's move into the next page. 00:14:14
Autor/es:
Irene Andrade
Subido por:
Irene A.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
26
Fecha:
30 de mayo de 2024 - 18:41
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES RAFAEL ALBERTI
Duración:
14′ 18″
Relación de aspecto:
1.72:1
Resolución:
1794x1042 píxeles
Tamaño:
1.13

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