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Subido el 21 de abril de 2020 por Jose Ignacio A.

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Hello children, welcome back to my class. In this case we are going to do it via video and I hope you like it. 00:00:00
We are going to start with the 20th century in Spain. 00:00:07
To start with, well, I must say I hope every one of you is fine at home, everybody is healthy and I hope we see each other pretty soon. 00:00:14
So to start with the 20th century we have to remember how the society was 00:00:29
before the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. If you remember the 00:00:37
society then was very different from nowadays. There was inequality and there 00:00:45
was a person, a king, a royal family, who was very powerful if we compared him with 00:00:56
the rest of the people of them. And at the bottom there were people, peasants, farmers, 00:01:04
who were most of them. But if we talk about money, you have to think that less had more 00:01:14
money than the more we who usually were very poor as you remember so something 00:01:25
happened in France it was the French Revolution as you already know they 00:01:33
wanted more they wanted to live better and because they saw that there were a 00:01:40
few people royal family and the nobles that they used to live very well if we 00:01:47
compare them with more the peasants and so besides that something happened in 00:01:56
England as well in Manchester and it was an invention of the steam engine as you 00:02:07
know this changed everything and we are going to see a video about the steam 00:02:14
engine I hope you like it and then we'll start the lesson 00:02:21
the steam engine in 1769 James Watt perfected the steam engine the machine 00:02:36
that changed the world this machine made it possible to transform thermal energy 00:02:46
from steam into the mechanical energy that was used to power machines. By the 00:02:56
mid 19th century the steam engine played a decisive role in the Industrial 00:03:05
Revolution. It powered many industries around the world as well as all the main 00:03:10
types of land and sea transport. Okay so as you know the Industrial Revolution 00:03:23
came to Spain not at the same time as England or France or Germany because 00:03:53
during the 19th century Spain had a lot of trouble. If you remember we had a lot 00:04:00
of different kings and one queen because there were a time of trouble, problemas 00:04:07
in the country, in our country in Spain. So it was the cause that the 00:04:14
Industrial Revolution came later than in the rest of the European countries as we 00:04:23
have already said England, France, Germany and we can say also Italy. If you 00:04:30
remember during the 19th century there were different kings Carlos IV, 00:04:38
Fernando VII, Isabel II then, they tried to have a new royal family 00:04:42
La Casa de Saboya with Amadeo I and then because it was a disaster they 00:04:53
tried to have the first Spanish Republic but it was also a disaster so later they 00:04:59
tried to have the Isabel II's son Alfonso XII but as you already know 00:05:07
they died, he died pretty soon so his son Alfonso XIII ruled Spain but he 00:05:16
started in 1902 before that his mother Maria de las Mercedes ruled Spain so 00:05:26
welcome to welcome to the 20th century so as we already know the king was 00:05:38
Alfonso XIII in 1902. So, his goal was to have a peaceful country, tener paz en el país. 00:05:51
Quería tener paz en el país. ¿Cómo lo hizo? What was his idea? His idea was actually a pretty bad idea 00:06:05
idea, because his idea was the turnismo. He talked to two different politicians, Canovas 00:06:14
del Castillo, conservative party, and Amadeo Sagasta. Canovas and Sagasta. Canovas and 00:06:21
Sagasta were two politicians that, with the help of Alfonso XIII, maintained turnismo 00:06:39
for almost 30 years. So, what did they do? They were in power in turns for four or five 00:06:45
years Canovas del Castillo and then later Amadeo de Gasta-Gasta and then later Canovas 00:06:53
del Castillo and then later Amadeo de Gasta-Gasta. So, with very rich amañadas elections, elecciones 00:06:58
amañadas, no eran legales, they turned in power for almost 30 years. People thought 00:07:06
they could do something voting but finally everything remained the same so 00:07:12
people got very angry very people got very angry when they discovered that the 00:07:17
elections were very rigged. Estaban amañadas. Okay so let's come back who was 00:07:30
last king of the Restoration era. The King Alfonso XII died in 1885, as you already know, 00:07:39
before his son Alfonso XIII was born. Queen Maria Cristina ruled the country as regent 00:07:50
for the son until he was sixteen. Alfonso XIII started to rule in 1902. He was the last king 00:07:58
of the restoration era and he had to rule with serious social and political 00:08:07
conflicts because as you already know as I told you people got very angry they 00:08:17
They wanted to improve their life conditions. 00:08:27
People wanted to improve, mejorar, their life conditions, la gente quería vivir mejor. 00:08:37
So it was the reason, because they made a lot of strikes, huelgas, walkers, and mass 00:08:46
organized labor unions, sindicatos. Okay? Sindicatos. There were strikes and violent 00:08:57
street protests. They asked for better labor conditions and a fair distribution 00:09:05
of wealth. As you already know, people during the revolution, industrial 00:09:12
revolution, used to work with very bad labor conditions. 00:09:19
Si os acordáis, en el tema anterior vimos cómo la gente, los trabajadores, vivían muy mal. 00:09:25
Vivían muy mal. 00:09:32
Por eso fue que crearon los sindicatos para mejorar sus condiciones laborales y sus condiciones de vida. 00:09:35
So, they had to do a lot of strikes, huelgas, and protest, manifestaciones, huelgas y manifestaciones. 00:09:42
As you already know, Spain had a lot of wars during the 19th century. 00:09:51
España tuvo muchas guerras en el siglo XIX. 00:09:57
And Spain also had a few wars at the beginning of the 20th century. 00:10:00
The first of all was the war in Morocco. 00:10:08
A little part of Morocco was part of Spain. Una parte de Marruecos era de España. 00:10:12
So, at the beginning of the 20th century, Spain controlled territories in North Africa. 00:10:19
War broke out in Morocco in 1921 in the Battle of Anuel. 00:10:25
Spain lost many soldiers and its territories in North Africa. 00:10:31
So, Spain lost the war. 00:10:36
España perdió la guerra de Marruecos y perdió los territorios que tenía en ese país, en Marruecos. 00:10:39
except Ceuta and Melilla, except Ceuta and Melilla, as you already know, they are part of Spain as well. 00:10:47
So, with this situation, there were people in Spain who wanted to leave Spain 00:10:57
because Spain was a disaster in the 19th century and it was a disaster at the beginning of the 20th century. 00:11:03
So, Catalonia and País Vasco started to think that they could improve, that they could live better if they abandoned and if they leave Spain. 00:11:11
So, they tried to demand autonomy. 00:11:24
Catalonia y el País Vasco pensaban que vivirían mejor si dejaban de ser parte de España. 00:11:28
Y eso es lo que hicieron. 00:11:36
Intentaron abandonar España. 00:11:38
But what happened? There was a coup. What's a coup? Un golpe de estado. 00:11:39
A military named Primo de Rivera made a coup. 00:11:47
Parliament seemed incapable of solving the conflicts of the reign of Alfonso XIII. 00:11:53
Some members of the armed forces believed that politicians were destroying the country. 00:12:01
In 1923, General Miguel Primo de Rivera led a coup. 00:12:06
In a coup, a person or a group overthrows a government using military force. 00:12:12
So, what he did, General Primo de Rivera, he took control of the country. 00:12:17
And Alfonso XIII knew it. 00:12:27
And he approved it. 00:12:30
He knew that Primo de Rivera was going to do, to make a coup and he approved it. 00:12:32
El rey Alfonso XIII sabía que el general Primo de Rivera iba a dar un golpe de estado y lo aprobaba, estaba de acuerdo. 00:12:43
So general Primo de Rivera became a dictator. 00:12:52
He abolished the constitution and dissolved parliament. 00:12:55
So, there were no more political parties and all the power was focused in General Primo de Rivera. 00:12:58
He appointed men from the armed forces to help him rule. 00:13:10
He banned political parties and labor unions, prohibió los partidos políticos y los sindicatos. 00:13:14
And he limited freedom for citizens. Limitó la libertad para los ciudadanos. 00:13:22
So, during the dictatorship, many roads, railways, and other public works were built. 00:13:30
Spain won the war with Morocco. 00:13:36
However, the population opposed the dictatorship and demanded more freedom. 00:13:39
So, al final, la gente se opuso a la dictadura porque demandaba más libertad. 00:13:44
In 1930, so from 1923 to 1930, here you have the timeline, you can see that for seven years there was a dictatorship in Spain. 00:13:58
So, in 1930, Primo de Rivera lost support and resigned. 00:14:11
In 1930, he left the power in Spain. 00:14:17
So, general elections were held in 1931. 00:14:23
And the political parties that supported that republic won. 00:14:26
And Alfonso XV went into exile. 00:14:30
After Primo Rivera was out of power, there were elections and the Republican Party won. 00:14:34
And then Alfonso XIII left Spain. 00:14:45
Okay, so we are going to finish here and we'll carry on later. 00:14:50
If you have any questions, you can ask me whatever you want, right? 00:14:55
Subido por:
Jose Ignacio A.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
122
Fecha:
21 de abril de 2020 - 9:40
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI ANDRES SEGOVIA
Duración:
15′ 26″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
4096x2304 píxeles
Tamaño:
1.56

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