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4.1. Causes of the French Revolution - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 20 de octubre de 2020 por Ruben P.

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After the introduction we have done in the previous video, we are going to start with 00:00:00
the French Revolution. 00:00:09
You must remember that we saw briefly the American Revolution with Jenna in class, so 00:00:10
what we are going to do now is to see the French Revolution. 00:00:17
It means we are going to go, or we are going to start with the second Atlantic Revolution 00:00:19
because the first one, the American one, has been seen with Jenna. 00:00:24
So let's start with the French Revolution. 00:00:28
The first thing we need to know or we need to see before we see the revolutionary process 00:00:30
is the causes. 00:00:36
It means why this French Revolution is going to break out or is going to start. 00:00:38
So we are going to see that there are four main causes, cultural causes, economic causes, 00:00:43
social causes and political causes. 00:00:50
So these four types of causes are going to lead France into a revolution. 00:00:54
So remember, this French Revolution is going to take place where? 00:01:01
Of course, in France, and it's going to take place in France just a few years after the 00:01:04
American Revolution. 00:01:11
So there is going to be a strong relation between the American Revolution and the French 00:01:12
Revolution, and also between the French Revolution and the Enlightenment. 00:01:16
the enlightenment ideas or the enlightenment thinkers, most of them were French. So these 00:01:22
enlightenment thinkers were living in French and they were proposing these ideas against 00:01:28
the absolute monarchy, against the stratified society. So the enlightenment ideas are going 00:01:33
to be one of the causes of this French Revolution. So remember France, this is France in Europe in 00:01:42
18th century so what you are going to see is spain is next to france as nowadays as 00:01:49
happens presently so we have here portugal we have savoy with sardine remember naples and sicily 00:01:56
together germany is here is the holy roman empire with prussia and austria as two main countries 00:02:04
inside this holy roman empire if you check here you see the um the boundaries of the holy roman 00:02:13
empire that would be german in the future and this holy roman empire is going to have 00:02:21
two main countries inside this empire that are austria the austrian empire and prussia the 00:02:29
Kingdom of Prussia. So keep these ideas in mind for this 19th century because 00:02:36
they are really important. So we are now in France we are in 1789 okay this is 00:02:43
the year 1789 is the year when this revolution is going to break out and 00:02:49
what we are going to see is first the four causes why the the four reasons why 00:02:55
this revolution is going to break out. So as I said cultural causes, economic 00:02:59
causes, political causes and social causes. So these are the four causes we 00:03:05
are going to study or we are going to see now in order to understand why the 00:03:09
French Revolution broke out. So the cultural causes of course are going to 00:03:15
be first the impact of the Enlightenment ideas. It means these ideas 00:03:20
that wanted to change or to challenge at least the absolute monarchies 00:03:25
and the stratified society so remember the separation of powers that was first 00:03:31
proposed by John Locke and after that Montesquieu French person the social 00:03:37
contract Constitution and the popular sovereignty proposed by Rousseau he was 00:03:43
living in Switzerland but he he spoke French and he wrote his books in French 00:03:48
so everything is related to France. The idea of a parliament limiting the power 00:03:56
of the king that came from Voltaire but is strongly related with John Locke too. 00:04:02
And finally the idea of equality before the law. All these ideas, we saw all these 00:04:07
ideas in Unit 1 related with enlightenment and we have seen 00:04:13
these ideas in the last class talking about liberalism. We said that these ideas, 00:04:18
the idea of separation of power, of a constitution, of popular sovereignty, of a parliament limiting 00:04:24
the power of the king, and equality before the law, all of them are liberal ideas, are the basis 00:04:30
of liberalism that is a new ideology that is going to appear now and is going to spread through 00:04:36
Europe and the world in the 19th century. So one of the causes of this revolution, 00:04:43
or why this revolution is going to break out is because the people the population part of the 00:04:53
population basically the bourgeoisie but part of the population even the nobility and the clergy 00:04:58
are going to support these enlightenment ideas so they want a political change they want a social 00:05:03
change also they have the example of the american revolution they are going to look to the 13 00:05:09
colonies and they are going to say okay the 13 colonies the american revolution was based on 00:05:16
these Enlightenment ideas they have created a republic a republic that is based on this 00:05:21
liberal ideas separation of powers a constitution national sovereignty equality before the law so 00:05:26
they are going to say okay this is possible this is possible we can achieve we can change 00:05:33
our society we can change our political system so this is possible so these are the causes the 00:05:40
cultural causes in order to understand why this revolution is going to break out and this okay 00:05:47
and these are the cultural ones the London ideas and of course the example okay of the American 00:05:53
revolution this is possible secondly we are going to talk about the social causes and the first one 00:06:00
is that we are going to have an unequal society remember the stratified society okay we have the 00:06:09
privileged people and the unprivileged people and remember inside these unprivileged people 00:06:15
what we have are the bourgeoisie and this bourgeoisie they have the money they are rich 00:06:19
but they cannot be privileged in the end or at the end of the 18th century they cannot buy 00:06:26
titles of nobility okay they are paying taxes they are paying high taxes they are sick of this 00:06:32
situation and they want to be on the top they want to be privileged it means not to pay taxes 00:06:39
or if they are going to pay taxes at least to be able to control the politics in the country 00:06:46
to be on the top of the social pyramid so what we are going to see in this unequal society is 00:06:55
in one hand on one hand we have this social unrest it means they are angry these peasants 00:07:04
are angry because they have to pay a lot of taxes remember they are the poor people but they have to 00:07:10
pay taxes and also what they are going to see is this the price of bread is going to increase from 00:07:16
1756 till 1790 it means a year before after the revolution you see they are paying double the 00:07:22
price okay okay so the the bread is is really expensive and remember if you are poor you are 00:07:30
going to buy these products that they are basic what we call staples okay those are basic products 00:07:38
in order to survive so bread is going to be one of these staples one of these products food that 00:07:46
this basic to survive so they are saying okay we are sick of this situation we cannot put up with 00:07:55
it anymore any longer we we want to change the situation okay we we do not want to pay in taxes 00:08:00
while the nobility is not paying taxes and and now the price of the bread is really high so we can 00:08:07
barely eat okay we can hardly eat or barely eat the other one okay so remember the puppy the these 00:08:13
peasants are really angry okay the other part is the bourgeoisie again they are there is a 00:08:22
bourgeoisie unrest too because they they pay heavy taxes too and also remember there are obstacles 00:08:29
they have these problems in order to achieve the political power because they are in non-privileged 00:08:37
in a non-privileged group so they want to be part of the privileged group but they cannot be there 00:08:42
because they are unprivileged and we have this society that is an unequal society, an stratified society. 00:08:47
So there are obstacles to do that and also to develop the free trade. 00:08:56
Remember the tolls. They need to pay if they want to get into a city. 00:09:00
They need to pay if they won't go from one country to the other or from one region to the other. 00:09:05
so they are sick of this situation too being paying taxes when they are rich 00:09:11
and maybe richer than the nobility and these obstacles to achieve or to gain 00:09:18
political power and develop this free trade the second social cause is that 80% 00:09:24
of population are peasants you need to understand that this is a rural society 00:09:31
so if we if we think of the population that is sick of the situation that they 00:09:35
are angry with this situation are going to be more than 80% because we need to 00:09:41
count on bourgeoisie too so most of the population are not happy with this 00:09:46
situation the third problem or the third cause that is going to explain why this 00:09:53
revolution is going to break out is this a deep financial crisis so the state 00:10:00
France has economic problems the spenders exceed its incomes what does it 00:10:07
mean it means the money they are expending is higher than the money they 00:10:16
are obtaining from taxes and this unbalanced situation between the 00:10:23
Spengler and the incomes is basically based on the American Revolution the 00:10:31
participation of France in this American Revolution 00:10:37
Why? 00:10:41
Because France has spent money in order to send troops. It means soldiers. They need to pay the soldiers 00:10:42
They need to pay the ammunition the the guns. They need to pay the ships everything 00:10:49
Okay, and they gain no money with this 00:10:55
with this 00:10:59
war with with a participation in this war 00:11:00
so the idea is they have 00:11:04
the 00:11:06
Expenditures, okay are 00:11:07
Hundred percent of incomes. It means all the money the state is earning in a year must be spent 00:11:10
different activities paying debts, etc 00:11:19
So it means the situation is really hard because all the money 00:11:23
we are earning the state is earning must be spent so they have no extra money 00:11:27
okay to give different services or make the situation easier so these are the 00:11:32
real the real situation the spenders and the incomes as you can see there are 00:11:43
more spenders the debt is really high okay the military expenditure is really 00:11:47
high okay and these are the civil expenditures okay related with the court the privileged people 00:11:54
the administration etc remember the state is paying the money of the civil servants the 00:12:00
salaries of the civil servants so the problem is the state can get a less money than the money 00:12:06
it's spending in a year so in order to change the situation you'll see that the different 00:12:14
financial ministers they are going to suggest to make the nobility and the 00:12:22
clergy to pay taxes and that's one that's the beginning of the revolution 00:12:31
when they try to make the nobility and the clergy to pay taxes but we will see 00:12:37
that later on okay also what we related with economic state the causes and we 00:12:42
have seen this before is the consumer staples means the basic food 00:12:49
okay bread and wheat the price of these consumer staples are going to increase 00:12:54
okay due to what subsistent crisis flood inundaciones and drought sequias so the 00:12:59
idea is they are producing less so the price remember the law of the offer and 00:13:08
demand so the price is going to increase because the offer the supplies are 00:13:13
decreasing due to this flood and drought and the demand is really high 00:13:20
because we have a lot of people that they need to eat so that's why the price 00:13:25
is going to increase a lot remember this is one of the reasons why the peasants 00:13:29
are really angry okay remember the price of the bread is going to increase a lot 00:13:34
and also if we check to this graph what we are going to see is how and the price 00:13:43
of bread is going to increase okay how the the price of meat is going to 00:13:51
increase but remember this is the salary of a month of construction worker so 300 00:13:58
deniers they need to pay more than 40 deniers only to buy bread so imagine you have 300 for a 00:14:08
month and in a day you are going to spend 40 and if you buy meat more than 70 so imagine the 00:14:18
situation the real situation for this population for more than the 80 percent of the population 00:14:27
that they can barely vibrate the last causes are the political causes which are the political 00:14:34
causes okay remember we have an absolute monarchy and this monarchy is governing without the states 00:14:43
general what are the state general the state general as you can see here is the french 00:14:50
parliament okay and this is important because the the king is governing without the parliament 00:14:56
he doesn't need the Parliament in this moment but the problem is with this 00:15:01
financial crisis the monarchy needs more taxes they want to create more taxes or 00:15:08
at least to make the nobility and the clergy to pay taxes who which which 00:15:13
institution is the one that is going to approve new taxes the States General 00:15:19
okay so the king is going to summon this state general that they haven't been 00:15:25
summoned since 1614 it means almost 200 years so that's the situation the 00:15:31
revolution is going to break out when they are going to start discussing if 00:15:40
the nobility and the clergy they have to pay or not taxes so remember the state 00:15:45
general was composed by the nobility the clergy and the third state the bourgeoisie 00:15:52
basically the bourgeoisie and they have this function to approve new taxes so this is the 00:15:56
beginning of the bourgeoisie of the sorry of the of the revolution that they need to approve new 00:16:03
new taxes so the king needs to summon these states general second that we have this economic 00:16:10
situation that is in crisis so the population we are going to see this social unrest the bourgeoisie 00:16:17
that they want free trade and they want to get the power achieve power and also the 00:16:24
the peasants that they are they are paying a lot of taxes as well as the 00:16:30
the bourgeoisie and remember these enlightened ideas that they want to change the structure 00:16:38
of the society to change the economy remember adam smith and economic liberalism so all these ideas 00:16:44
are in the minds of all this bourgeoisie the last one is that there was no separation of 00:16:52
power so it means there is an absolute monarchy and remember we have this social structure and 00:16:59
political structure that is old-fashioned if we compare it with the enlightenment ideas 00:17:05
so these are the basic causes that they are going to lead France into a revolutionary process in 00:17:11
order to change everything politics economy society okay so what we are going to see in 00:17:20
the next video and in the next class is the National Assembly we are going to start that 00:17:29
That is the beginning of this French Revolution. 00:17:34
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
RUBÉN PEINADO GONZÁLEZ
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
164
Fecha:
20 de octubre de 2020 - 21:55
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
17′ 41″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
74.98 MBytes

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