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EV 3ESO - 09 Fair and unfair forms of government - Contenido educativo
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When can we consider that a certain form of government is fair and legitimate?
Aristotle was very interested in politics.
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That's why he studied how different societies are governed.
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In those days, in the 4th century BC, Greece was divided in different states,
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in different small cities that were independent.
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And Aristotle studied how these cities were ruled.
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He discovered that different cities had different ways of government.
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In some of them there was one person having the power, in others it was a small group of people
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who had the power, and in others, such as Athens, there was a democracy, meaning that all the people
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had the power. When are these forms of government acceptable and fair? Aristotle thought that they
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could all be fair if they tried to obtain the common good of everybody. If a certain way of
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government tries to be just because it is interested in the common good, in the welfare
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of all the population, then it is acceptable and legitimate. But for Aristotle, if the way of
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government is unjust because it is trying to obtain a particular benefit for a group, then it is not
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acceptable. So Aristotle classified all the different types of government he knew in two
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big groups, fair and acceptable, which are those that try to obtain the common good,
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unfair and unacceptable if they try to pursue a particular interest and not the common good for
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everybody. Now, different societies can have different ways of government and they can be
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okay because everything depends on the circumstances and peculiarities of that society.
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Everything is okay as long as they try to achieve the common good.
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For example, if in a city one person has the power, this is what Aristotle called a monarchy,
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and it is an acceptable way of government if this king tries to obtain the common good for everybody
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and is interested in the welfare of all society.
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If a small group of people have the power, Aristotle called this an aristocracy,
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And it can be fair if they are interested in the common good.
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And democracy is a fair and just way of government where all the people have the power and they try to achieve the common benefit for everybody.
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But these systems can get corrupted, can be unjust, if they are not trying to pursue the final common good of everybody.
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For example, if a king has the power but he is interested in his particular interest
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and not the common interest, then we no longer have a monarchy.
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We have a tyranny because the king has become a tyrant.
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That is what we call today a dictator.
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But in those days, Aristotle called that a tyranny.
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When a small group of people have the power and they are interested in their particular benefit,
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That is what Aristotle called an oligarchy, which is an unfair way of government.
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And what about a democracy?
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Can a democracy become a corrupt and unjust system of government?
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Yes, of course it can.
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Think about a place where the people have the power, but they are not interested in
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the benefit of everybody.
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They are only interested in their particular selfish interest.
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This is what we call a demagogy, which is the corruption of a democracy.
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An example, think about a country where the majority of the people vote
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and their decision is taken by majority,
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but what they decide is not benefiting everybody.
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For example, what would happen if we vote and we decide by majority
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democracy, that minorities in our society should be discriminated and treated unfairly.
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This decision is taken democratically, by a vote, but it is not fair because it is not
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thinking about the benefit and welfare of everybody.
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This is what Aristotle considered a corruption of democracy, and that is what we today call
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a demagogy.
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- César Prestel
- Subido por:
- César Pedro P.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 85
- Fecha:
- 22 de octubre de 2020 - 17:50
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 04′ 26″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 255.88 MBytes
