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3ESO Unit 2 Biomolecules 1 - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de octubre de 2022 por Marta G.

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Hello everyone, we start a new unit today, unit number 2, food and nutrition. 00:00:01
Now, when you have finished copying the title and writing it in the table of contents, 00:00:20
I want you to look for two headlines in the newspapers related with this, with food and nutrition. 00:00:27
something maybe with a type of food that was discovered with some illness related with food 00:00:33
and nutrition or maybe you can find something related with vitamins okay i want you to look for 00:00:41
two headlines and remember that you will need to write them on the right side of your notebook 00:00:49
because it's an exercise 00:00:57
okay so i suppose you have looked for a headline now let's start with a theoretical part okay 00:00:58
in this unit we're going to learn a little bit about how nutrition influence our body 00:01:13
how a different illness related to nutrition and our needs along the day to survive, okay? 00:01:21
So let's start with point number one, which is nutritional needs, nutritional needs. 00:01:31
what are the needs in our body what do we need to survive okay basically we need to be to be 00:01:48
healthy we need food okay food contains nutrients okay so we need food i mean let's see uh yeah a 00:02:03
burger is not very healthy but i don't know to draw something else okay so food is it's going 00:02:15
remember you need to do the drawings to provide nutrients okay the nutrients are going to help us 00:02:22
to survive and to have a energy and to be healthy okay so if we provide nutrients and these nutrients 00:02:42
What are the functions of them? We can say that they have three different functions. 00:02:50
The first one of them is the structural. What does structural mean? Think of it as 00:02:55
building for our body. So it's like building blocks that we need to 00:03:11
construct our body. Also, energetical. As we said, we need energy to be 00:03:17
healthy and to perform certain functions okay energetica and also regulatory these nutrients 00:03:31
are going to regulate our body the same as a clock okay it's going to provide a regulatory function 00:03:44
also okay for the structural we said if this structural function is related to building 00:03:56
And also repairing. In our cells, imagine for example that one of our organs has been damaged, 00:04:08
and for example the mitochondria has been damaged, we need to repair it, and we take these repairing blocks from the nutrients. 00:04:22
Or imagine for example that we are growing, for example at your age you grow, you are taller and taller every year, 00:04:32
those new cells are building blocks okay to our body so we take this structural 00:04:39
buildings it is structural blocks from the nutrients okay but also even if you have a 00:04:48
stop growing every time the body keeps replacing cells okay energetica what is the energetical 00:04:54
organelle in the cell the mitochondria okay so in the mitochondrion remember that we have more or 00:05:05
less this shape in a mitochondria now that you have found the cell pop up no you know okay this 00:05:14
is the my my mitochondrion because that is the singular for mitochondria okay in the mitochondria 00:05:22
there is a function um yeah function that is called cell respiration respiration is not the 00:05:34
same as breathing okay we breathe through our lungs okay we take the oxygen and breathe with 00:05:51
our lungs but in ourselves there's a specific process that is called respiration in which in 00:05:58
which i need another color that's it green nice unit colors remember okay in which we take for 00:06:05
example carbohydrates yeah at the end of this term of this unit you will know what are carbohydrates 00:06:14
and fats okay pass it by the mitochondrion also we need here oxygen and we pass it by the 00:06:22
mitochondrion and at the end we have CO2 and energy, carbon dioxide and energy in the mitochondrion, 00:06:32
that is cell respiration. And the regulatory function is related with the metabolism. So 00:06:43
this regulatory is going to perform some metabolic reactions. For example, in our body 00:06:53
Anyway, we need to know when we are thirsty, for example, when we need to eat or when we need to go to sleep. 00:07:07
And all those functions are made by regulatory, it's a regulatory function that is performed by substances that we take when we eat. 00:07:18
Okay, so that is for metabolic reactions. 00:07:29
We continue with point number two, biomolecules. We say that the food provides nutrients, but what 00:07:32
are those nutrients? We have different molecules related to those nutrients. We are going to study 00:07:59
all of them for the next point we need to bake a big outline a huge outline so 00:08:06
you will need the whole page okay so if you didn't if you have page if you have 00:08:15
space in the page before a don't use just turn the page because we are going 00:08:23
to use all of it. Get ready now for the super outline. We start with the first 00:08:29
biomolecule carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are in Spanish we call them carbohidratos 00:08:36
or hidratos de carbono and usually are sugars. The sugars that we eat every day are 00:08:44
carbohydrates but don't think only on the sugar that you can have on milk for 00:08:51
example they are very very different type of sugars basically these carbohydrates they have 00:08:56
an energetic function they have an energetic function they give you energy for example when 00:09:01
a person is feeling sick because he or she has need when he or she has a bit of sugar then her 00:09:13
energy rise up okay there are two types of carbohydrates we have simple carbohydrates 00:09:21
and complex carbohydrates. Let's see the different types, okay? The simple carbohydrates. Let's see 00:09:28
first their properties. They are sweet taste. If you think of a sugar, you always think of a sweet 00:09:38
thing, okay? So all the simple carbohydrates, they have sweet taste. They are also crystalline. 00:09:51
crystalline, they are transparent 00:09:58
when we see it in a crystal 00:10:07
and they are soluble 00:10:09
in water, meaning 00:10:11
that they can dissolve 00:10:17
when we put it, for example 00:10:19
on a glass with water and we 00:10:21
stir, then they are 00:10:23
soluble in water 00:10:25
there are two types of 00:10:27
simple carbohydrates 00:10:29
we have 00:10:30
the monosaccharides 00:10:32
yeah, you need to 00:10:36
learn all the names sorry about it monosaccharides okay here we have for example glucose or fructose 00:10:40
a fructose yeah why did i draw an hexagon and a pentagon because when we represent the glucose 00:10:57
we're represented with an hexagon because this is more or less the shape that is really hard 00:11:10
we see under the microscope and the electronic microscope and fructose the same it's a pentagon 00:11:14
because it has the shape when we see it under the microscope i'm going to put some images here 00:11:20
okay monosaccharide and then this is the basic unit the basic unit of carbohydrates i repeat 00:11:28
monosaccharides are the basic unit of carbohydrates and why did i repeat because it is very very 00:11:37
important and you need to remember for the exam. Okay, when we put two monosaccharides together 00:11:43
then we have desaccharides, desaccharides, wait, saccharides, it is easier to say than to write, 00:11:50
desaccharides, two monosaccharides together form desaccharides. Here we have for example sucrose 00:12:08
or lactose sucrose is the typical sugar that we have in the sugar okay the typical white sugar 00:12:18
or brown sugar that you usually have at home that is sucrose and lactose is a sugar that we find 00:12:27
in the milk naturally it's a sugar that is naturally produced by mammals 00:12:36
and it helps mammals to feed their babies okay complex carbohydrates yeah it's complicated to do 00:12:42
an outline uh complex carbohydrates okay uh basically they are made of many many monosaccharides 00:12:51
They are constructed by bonding, which is a union, a joint, bonding of many monosaccharides. 00:13:03
Bonding of many monosaccharides. 00:13:15
They produce energy too, because remember that we say that carbohydrates have energetic function, 00:13:18
but they produce energy when they are broken down. 00:13:24
We need the monosaccharides to have the energy. 00:13:30
if we don't have monosaccharides we cannot produce energy so the complex they break and then we have 00:13:41
energy a example of this we have starch which in spanish is a aluminum for example potatoes 00:13:48
they have many starch they have a lot of starch not many a lot of starch okay 00:14:05
They are also, all their vegetables, they have a lot of starch. 00:14:10
It's produced by vegetables. 00:14:18
Starch and cellulose. 00:14:21
Cellulose, which in Spanish is celulosa. 00:14:26
Which is a typical carbohydrate produced by plants. 00:14:31
And we use it to make paper. 00:14:34
All the paper is made because the trees produce cellulose. 00:14:38
Now, lipids. 00:14:45
Let's see if I have enough space in my whiteboard. 00:14:48
Here, lipids. 00:14:51
Okay, these are the typical fats, okay? 00:14:52
And as I said in the video, fats are really, really, really important for our body. 00:14:59
Because usually on the TV we see that fats are bad 00:15:05
because the cholesterol etc but fats are very very important for our body okay it's like if you have 00:15:09
enough fat it's good but if you have too much fat that is not good the same as the sugar if 00:15:18
you take a little bit of sugar that's the problem if you have too much sugar then it is a problem 00:15:24
okay lipids okay properties of these lipids how they are okay first of all not soluble in water 00:15:29
Imagine for example olive oil. What happens if you pour some olive oil on a 00:15:40
glass of water? They do not mix. It doesn't matter how much time you are 00:15:52
stirring. In Spanish we have this sentence of son como el agua y el aceite. When two 00:15:56
people are not mixing really well, we say this. Ok, that's olive oil and water and I have 00:16:02
an oily appearance appearance which means that they look like oil basically because oils are 00:16:08
lipids okay types we have three types we're gonna study three types of lipids although 00:16:24
there are many more okay we have the fats typical fats there are two types of fats we have the 00:16:32
saturated and the unsaturated saturated unsaturated okay the saturated are mostly produced by animals 00:16:40
here we have for example and they are solids for example a butter butter is a saturated fat 00:17:03
but not only produced by by animals okay there are some plants that also come to use saturated 00:17:15
fats for example the palm oil that maybe you have here that it's in many products for example in 00:17:25
industrial bakery okay but an industrial industrial bakery they have many palm oil and it's not really 00:17:33
good for our body it's better to have unsaturated fats okay so unsaturated fat here are produced 00:17:41
mostly mostly by a what is it mostly animals mostly animal origin sorry origin and here mostly 00:17:49
vegetable origin because you're not later when you read it you're not going to understand anything 00:18:02
okay and they are liquid if we can for example of the olive olive oil the sunflower oil kohl's 00:18:08
oil okay all those oils they are unsaturated fats okay then on the membrane remember the cell 00:18:18
membrane okay on the cell membrane we have the membrane lipids remember when we made those 00:18:27
drawings with a video in the life of a cell that we saw that they were moving okay those were the 00:18:38
lipids of the membrane okay um but not all on the same membrane also there are some organ organelles 00:18:45
that have membranes for example the goli apparatus endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria all of them 00:18:53
all of them have membrane so they form they form cell membranes the cell membrane and organelle 00:19:01
okay so membranes and organs they form and they are basically phospholipids and cholesterol yeah 00:19:19
the cholesterol that you know the news appears that is really bad for your health and you need 00:19:41
to take it down etc is the most important part of the cell membrane that's why i said if you 00:19:45
eat too much cholesterol it's really bad for your health but if you eat enough it's okay that's not 00:19:51
the problem okay phospholipids and cholesterol then there are also some lipids with regulatory 00:19:57
function remember i said that the nutrients can have to function structural and energetical and 00:20:04
regulatory and there are some lipids related with this as are the vitamins 00:20:15
and the sexual hormones not all the vitamins are lipids some of them are lipids 00:20:22
okay and the sexual hormones for example testosterone progesterone the male 00:20:30
sex sexual hormones and the female sexual hormones are lipids okay so 00:20:38
So, this is the first part of our outline. 00:20:45
Okay, I think everything is clear with this outline, but you know that in class we're 00:20:52
going to make some exercises, so don't worry if you didn't understand something, come to 00:21:05
class and ask. 00:21:11
And remember to do the test when finishing writing everything on your notebook. 00:21:13
Bye. 00:21:20
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
Marta García Pérez
Subido por:
Marta G.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
45
Fecha:
8 de octubre de 2022 - 20:52
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
Sin centro asignado
Duración:
21′ 34″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
229.62 MBytes

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