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7. The UN
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So let's begin with the last epigraph, the United Nations, as I said it was an institution created after the Second World War and the goal was to protect the international order and to foster dialogue and instead of using wars or fighting in order to finish with the different conflicts between countries.
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So let's see the United Nations. So let's see the introduction. OK, so remember, these United Nations are going to be the organization that replaced the League of Nations. I said that in I explained this in the in the video before.
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The idea is that the League of Nations was created, this institution was created after
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the First World War in order to prevent any type of war in the world, in order to solve
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the international problems using diplomacy and dialogue instead of aggression or wars.
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So this international institution is going to be created after the Second World War.
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So let's see how it was founded, ok?
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So the idea is that it is going to be founded in San Francisco, in the San Francisco Conference,
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by 46 countries, 46 states, between April and June 1945.
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So it was created during the end of the Second World War, remember that the war ended in
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May 1945 in Europe, but ended in the Pacific in September, okay? So the idea is
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these United Nations are going to be created between these months, they
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are going to publish this, the Charter of the United Nations, La Carta de las
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Naciones Unidas, with the main goals and characteristics of these
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United Nations, and it's going to be approved in this conference, the San
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Francisco Conference, and it's going to be for these countries. You know that
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Spain wasn't one of the countries participating in this conference, okay, Spain was under Franco's
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control, Spain is not going to be part of the United Nations until 1955, it means 10 years later,
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but in this conference we are going to find the republican government in the exile, it means the
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Spanish republic was defeated in the civil war and this government that was defeated
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went into exile and they participated in the San Francisco Conference. Why? Because the Second
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Republic was a democratic state and the Franco's dictatorship was a fascist or a dictatorship. So,
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it's not a democratic state. So, these United Nations, that they are going to defend democracy
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and the human rights, they cannot allow Spain, a dictatorship, to be part of these United Nations.
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So, this is an image of the first countries, the design of the chart of the United Nations.
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And what is the goal?
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The main goal is what I said, ensure international peace and security.
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It means to avoid any type of war, any type of problem in international relations and
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use diplomacy or dialogue instead of war also what they want is to foster economic
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and social cooperation between nations okay so the idea is ensure this
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international peace and security and also what they want is the economic and
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social cooperation between nations these two goals okay cooperation as basis of
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this peace and security in the international sphere or international
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order and finally in 1848 they are going to publish the Universal Declaration of
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Human Rights so as la declaración universal de los derechos humanos vale
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so in 1948 these United Nations created this Universal Declaration of Human
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Rights okay so these United Nations this institution still exists nowadays and
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And they have the same goals as since the very beginning, since 1945, okay?
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So, ensuring international peace and security to foster this cooperation, this economic and social cooperation, okay?
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And in 1948, they are going to adopt, they are going to publish this Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
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Let's see which are the governing bodies. It means how these United Nations works, okay?
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So, three main bodies, the first one is the General Assembly, let's look at this schematic
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explanation, what we have here is the General Assembly, the thing is in the General Assembly
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we are going to find all the countries that they are part of the United Nations, but in
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this General Assembly what we are going to find is that all the countries can vote, but
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But the problem of this General Assembly is that it's a consultative organ.
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It means it's an institution, a General Assembly, that is proposing things, but it's not taking
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measures.
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The one that is taking measures is this one here, the Security Council.
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So the idea is we have a General Assembly with all the countries represented, all the
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countries can vote.
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What they are going to do is to give suggestions to the Security Council in order the Security
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Council take action, take the measures.
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So this General Assembly is formed by all the state members, all of them can vote and
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only issue recommendations, they are going to recommend what to do, but the institution
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that is going to make the decisions that have the executive power is the Security Council.
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This Security Council is formed by 15 members, the problem is this Security Council is formed
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by 10 members elected by the General Assembly and 5 members that they are permanent.
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Which are these 5 countries that they are always being represented in this organ, in
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this institution that is the one that is making the decisions?
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The Soviet Union, France, China, the UK and USA.
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So these five countries are permanent represented in this Security Council.
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The other ten are going to be elected by the General Assembly.
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What is the problem?
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That these five countries have right to veto.
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It means imagine these ten countries want to do something and they are the majority,
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but China says no, I don't want to make this decision.
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they cannot make this decision or imagine great britain the uk saying no you cannot make this
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decision they are not going to make the decision so they have right to veto
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so the majority are distant but these five are permanent and they have the right
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to veto it means to say no to any any decision made by this 10
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So, even when they are the majority and they can decide to do something, with only one
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of these five saying no is enough not to approve the measure.
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So General Assembly with all the countries, they have right to vote, they just give recommendations
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to the executive body, that is the Security Council, but the Security Council is formed
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by 15 members which are the permanent ones China, France, the UK, the Soviet
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Union and the United States the others are periodically elected by the General
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Assembly it means this General Assembly is going to elect 10 out of 15
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members but these permanent members they are going to have right to veto right to
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veto so the decision are taken by simply majority it means a we need to have
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only a seven eight members in favor of a measure but also you need that none of
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these five are going to be against of this measure okay because they have
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right to veto okay so 15 members 10 elected by the General Assembly five
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permanent these five permanent members they have the right to veto these
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decisions it means to say no to the decision and to stop this decision from
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taking action and finally what we have is the Secretary General okay what we
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have is a person that is going to be in charge of coordinating the institutions
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of the United Nations and to check that everything is working well or perfectly
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inside the United Nations. So the Secretary General is responsible for how the institution
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is working and the coordination across the entire United Nations. And it is going to be elected by
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the General Assembly for a period of five years, okay? It means the General Assembly is going to
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propose the person and is the Security Council the one that is going to say, okay, we elect the
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person chosen by the General Assembly.
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So a General Assembly that gives recommendations and there are all the states, a Security Council
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that is the one making decisions with 15 members, 5 permanents and 10 elected by the General
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Assembly.
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In order to make a decision you need a simple majority, it means with 8 is enough, it means
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51% of the members in favor of a measure, but also you need to take into consideration
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that these five members they have right to veto, it means they can say no, so these five
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members can say no, they can abort, they can be against a measure made by eight members,
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so this measure is not going to take place.
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Finally the Secretary General is the one that is going to coordinate all the institutions
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in the United Nations and this Secretary General is the one that is going to be responsible
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of the of how is working the entire United Nations he is going to be elected for five
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years and the Secretary General is going to be appointed means that is suggested by the
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General Assembly but is going to be elected nominated by the Security Council okay
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So we have the General Assembly, one state, one vote, then the Security Council with the five permanent members and the 10 members selected for two years by the General Assembly, and finally the Secretary General.
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As you can see, there are other institutions. We are going to talk about these other institutions in the next slide, but we are going to talk about them briefly.
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We are going to see the three last Secretary-Generals, this is Kofi Annan, this is Ban Ki-moon,
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and the present day Secretary-General is Antonio Guterres, he is a Portuguese one,
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he was elected in 2017 and still being the Secretary-General.
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As you can see, most of them are elected for 10 years, for two rules.
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So probably he would be re-elected for another five years, in 2021.
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So the last part we need to see is the other United Nations agencies.
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It means the United Nations is not only the General Assembly, the Secretary General and
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the Security Council.
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What we are going to have is other institutions related with the United Nations.
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For example, we have the International Court of Justice of the AG, la Corte Internacional de la Haya, this institution is going to judge specific conflicts or any action against the humanity, against the mankind, ok?
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so this is the International Court of Justice at the AG okay this is an
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international court so is going to judge international matters okay this is the
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the symbol okay we are going to have the economic and social council what is the
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economic and social council okay is the the institution in order to promote this
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social and economic development of countries okay so the United Nations
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remember is going to foster the quote the social and economic cooperation but
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the specific the United Nations agency that is going to be related to promote
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to foster to encourage the social and economic development of the countries is
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going to be the economic and social council el consejo económico social okay
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he is going to control a large of number of another specialized agencies a focus
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on health related with the social matters childhood related with social
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matters etc so the idea is inside this economic and social council we are going
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to find different institutions that they are specialized agencies in order to
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help this institution to promote the social and economic development of
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countries okay so let's see apart from this well this is the this is the
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institution the United Nations Economic and Social Council this is the place
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where they are going to gather in order to promote this economic and social
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development remember is that they are international agencies so they are not
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going to affect one country they are going to fit the whole world all the
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countries the UNESCO maybe you know the UNESCO okay the goal is to protect the
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cultural heritage okay this is the UNESCO mo most of the different remains
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ancient remains are being under the protection of the UNESCO, the UNICEF,
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maybe you know also UNICEF, the goal is, it works for disabled children, it
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needs to take care of these children that they are in these situations,
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okay, remember the logo, and the United Nations today, we have talked about these
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four main agencies related with the United Nations, there are more, but these
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These are the four most important, the UNESCO, the UNICEF, the Economic and Social Council
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and this International Court of Justice at the Act.
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And we are going to see which are the two main goals of the United Nations today.
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It's working in two main directions.
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The first one is to encourage and protect the human rights.
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They want to foster the human rights.
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means to everyone knows what is the human rights and to protect them, okay?
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And the other part is that they are going to be peace missions or conflict
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mediation. Remember, in order to avoid war what they are going to send is an army
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that is going to be composed by armies of different countries, countries that
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they are inside of the United Nations. It means the United Nations has no army, so
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imagine the Security Council decides to intervene in a specific country so what
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they are going to do okay is going to say okay which country is able to
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provide with soldiers to this United Nations mission and maybe going to be
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Spain along with the US and France so a Spanish French and American soldiers are
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going to go to this country in order to mediate or in order to develop a peace
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mission okay so the thing is their intervention is crucial to protect the
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civilian population humanitarian organizations and refugees okay these
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troops are called blue helmets because all of them has
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have this blue helmets if you say UN United Nations they are Peruvian okay
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from Peru and they are going to intervene in a specific United Nation
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mission okay humanitarian mission a peace mission or a conflict mediation
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mission so this is all about the United Nations we have seen the goals we have
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seen how it was created the goals the institutions how it how does it works
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the different agencies and now the two main goals first to encourage and
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protect the human rights okay remember encourage and protect the human rights
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and the second one is to intervene in peace missions or conflict mediations
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using armies from the countries that they are part of the United Nations we
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how do we call them the troops blue helmets cascos azules because as you can
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see they are wearing these specific helmets and that's it
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- Autor/es:
- Rubén Peinado González
- Subido por:
- Ruben P.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 93
- Fecha:
- 13 de abril de 2020 - 20:42
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES ANTARES
- Duración:
- 18′ 08″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 105.01 MBytes
