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An Introduction to Parliament - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 11 de octubre de 2021 por Patricia C.

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Health care, education, the environment, international aid, crime. 00:00:02
Issues affecting all our lives are shaped and driven by Parliament. 00:00:09
But how did it all begin? 00:00:12
What does Parliament do all day and how do you fit in? 00:00:14
Parliament has evolved throughout its long history to become what it is today, 00:00:18
changing over time to meet the needs of the people. 00:00:22
Two key historical events began this process. 00:00:25
In 1215, King John put his seal on Magna Carta, 00:00:28
and agreed to a list of 63 rules set out by a group of barons. 00:00:32
This ensured for the first time that no one, not even the king, was above the law. 00:00:37
50 years later, Simon de Montfort, for the first time, 00:00:43
invited representatives of the towns and shires to his 1265 parliament. 00:00:46
These events established the foundations for the representative democracy we have today, 00:00:51
and from this point onwards, the power to make decisions for the nation passed, 00:00:56
over time, from the monarch to parliament. 00:00:59
Let's take a closer look at the UK Parliament today. 00:01:02
Parliament is made up of three parts – the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch. 00:01:11
The House of Commons is the elected chamber of Parliament. It debates big issues, 00:01:17
proposes laws, amends existing ones and challenges the government's work. 00:01:21
There are 650 Members of Parliament, or MPs, who each represent a constituency in the UK. 00:01:26
They belong to either a political party or are independent, 00:01:32
and are elected by constituents of the area they want to represent. 00:01:36
The leader of the party that has the most MPs elected after a general election 00:01:40
becomes the Prime Minister and heads up the government. 00:01:44
They choose a cabinet made up of 20 senior ministers, 00:01:47
who coordinate each government department's work. 00:01:50
Parties not in power are called the opposition. 00:01:53
MPs from the opposition and government question the government on policy and proposed laws. 00:01:57
The Speaker keeps the House in order by chairing these debates. 00:02:02
The House of Lords is the second chamber and shares the making and shaping of laws with 00:02:06
the House of Commons. It has around 800 members and it's made up mostly of life peers and 00:02:10
also includes hereditary peers and bishops. Lords are selected for their knowledge and 00:02:16
experience and hold government to account by using their expertise to look at laws and 00:02:21
issues in detail. The monarch's role is mainly ceremonial. They meet the Prime Minister once 00:02:26
a week to hear what's going on in Parliament and formally agree every new law. But that's 00:02:31
not all. There are also people working behind the scenes who support the work of parliament. 00:02:36
Clerks, librarians, researchers and many more. The government has been elected to run the country 00:02:41
and parliament holds the government to account for us, the public. But how? Prime Minister's 00:02:51
questions and ministerial questions give MPs and Lords the opportunity to challenge the 00:02:57
government's policies. It's in these debates that they can share the views of their constituents 00:03:01
and the public and how new policies may affect them. 00:03:06
Another important way Parliament can scrutinise or look in detail at the work 00:03:09
of government is through select committees. Select 00:03:13
committees analyse and scrutinise policy. They're made up of either MPs, Lords or a 00:03:17
mixture of both. Together committee members look at a 00:03:22
particular subject and make recommendations on improvements. 00:03:25
Witnesses with expertise in the area under scrutiny are called to give 00:03:29
evidence which is used to help shape the committee's enquiry. Members of the public, 00:03:33
like you, with a view on the subject can also give evidence for consideration. 00:03:37
At the end of an enquiry a committee writes a report with recommendations that the government 00:03:42
usually responds to within 60 days. Both Houses in Parliament share responsibility for making 00:03:46
and shaping laws, but where do laws come from in the first place? A bill is a proposal for a new 00:03:56
law, or to change an existing law, and comes from lots of places, like governing and opposition 00:04:02
parties, public inquiries, civil servants or campaign groups. So how does an idea get turned 00:04:07
into a law? Imagine the government wanted to place greater controls over the internet. 00:04:13
A proposal called a Green Paper is published, which presents the government's ideas for future 00:04:19
policy. This is open for public discussion, with interested groups like internet service 00:04:23
providers and others likely to be affected. Once findings are gathered, a white paper 00:04:28
is published which outlines a firmer plan for government policy. Cabinet ministers must 00:04:33
agree whether the proposal is taken forward. Once agreed, a bill is drawn up and the minister 00:04:39
responsible for the policy introduces the bill to Parliament for debate. 00:04:44
MPs and members of the House of Lords comment on, debate or amend the bill through several 00:04:49
stages, and at the end of the process, apart from very rare circumstances, it must be agreed 00:04:53
by both houses. 00:04:59
It's then passed to the monarch, who gives formal approval, or royal assent, and the 00:05:01
bill becomes law, called an Act of Parliament. 00:05:05
In the UK, we live in a democracy, which means power is in the hands of the people through 00:05:12
our right to vote. Throughout history, lots of people in the UK have campaigned for the 00:05:17
voting rights we have today. There are lots of different types of elections to vote in 00:05:22
general, local, European. Let's take a closer look at how MPs are elected to the 00:05:27
House of Commons through the general election. General elections take place in 00:05:32
the UK usually once every five years and every seat is up for grabs. On polling 00:05:36
day voters make a choice from a list of candidates. The candidate with the most 00:05:42
votes then becomes that constituencies MP. Okay but how would I know who to vote 00:05:46
for? Before elections candidates need to campaign to get people to vote for them. 00:05:51
one. Campaigning can involve handing out political leaflets, speaking in public debates, talking 00:05:56
to people during door-to-door visits and party political broadcasts. 00:06:01
Parties standing for election publish a declaration of their policies during the campaign, called 00:06:06
a manifesto. 00:06:11
Once elected, an MP represents all their constituents, even the ones that didn't vote or voted 00:06:13
for a different candidate. The party with the most MPs elected forms the government 00:06:18
and their leader becomes Prime Minister. 00:06:23
And if there's a hung parliament, where there's no clear winner, 00:06:26
then a minority government or a coalition government may be created, 00:06:28
or a fresh election held. 00:06:32
One way to have a say in how the country is run is to use your vote. 00:06:37
You have to be 18 or over to vote in general elections, 00:06:41
but you can register from the age of 16. 00:06:44
There are lots of other ways to get involved and have your voice heard, 00:06:47
whatever your age. 00:06:50
Remember, MPs represent all of their constituents. 00:06:52
But how? You can visit an MP in their local constituency office, or you can even travel 00:06:54
to their Houses of Parliament to lobby them in central lobby. 00:07:01
Lords have knowledge and experience in specific subject areas. You can look them up by policy 00:07:05
interest on the Parliament website. 00:07:10
Anyone can contact any Lord or their local MP by letter, phone or email to discuss an 00:07:12
issue that's important to them or their community. 00:07:17
Sometimes though, there's strength in numbers, so to get your voice heard, you could join 00:07:21
the youth section of a party, or the UK Youth Parliament. 00:07:25
If you're passionate about an issue, you could start a petition for a cause either 00:07:29
on paper or online, or join an existing campaign, pressure or protest group to influence decision 00:07:33
making. 00:07:39
These groups use different methods to get their voices heard, from lobbying to peaceful 00:07:41
protest, all designed to bring about change. 00:07:45
And don't forget, you can get your voice heard in school or college too, by joining 00:07:49
or starting a student council, a bit like a mini parliament. 00:07:53
So Parliament sits at the heart of UK democracy, debating the big issues of the day, making 00:08:00
and shaping laws, and holding the government to account. 00:08:06
By voting, petitioning, campaigning and more, you can also get involved with the work of 00:08:10
Parliament. 00:08:16
What will you do? 00:08:17
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
UKParliament
Subido por:
Patricia C.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento
Visualizaciones:
74
Fecha:
11 de octubre de 2021 - 14:27
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES JUAN DE LA CIERVA
Duración:
08′ 25″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
14.53 MBytes

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