Liberalism and nationalism 4 de 4 - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 28 de julio de 2023 por Lucas U.

4 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

As I told you in the last video, the bourgeoisie gained most of the liberal revolutions to 00:00:00

control conservative and defending public order. 00:00:07

So that means the bourgeoisie got the economical power and also the political power. 00:00:13

They were the ones who benefited most of these revolutions. 00:00:25

On the other hand, we have the commoners who did not achieve deeper political and social 00:00:30

transformation. 00:00:35

They still being very poor and they still having not too many rights. 00:00:36

But there is something very important. 00:00:45

They developed the class consciousness, and they began to organize themselves and stand 00:00:47

up the bourgeoisie and the liberal state they had helped to create. 00:00:53

So important things, class consciousness, they organized themselves to protect or to 00:00:58

fight for their rights. 00:01:06

We are talking right here about the workers' rights, universal suffrage and things like 00:01:08

that. 00:01:16

Well, it's during this time that the nationalism appears in Western countries. 00:01:18

That's why we will have to talk about the birth of new states and also the beginning 00:01:27

of some of nationalism in different regions of Europe. 00:01:34

Well, the idea of this nationalism is that a community that shares common and cultural 00:01:39

traits, such language, history, folklore, is the best political framework to develop. 00:01:48

So they should be together. 00:01:55

Therefore, if a region with different type of language, history and folklore that there 00:01:59

is in a country should be, I mean, it's different than the rest. 00:02:06

They should go away. 00:02:15

They should have the independence. 00:02:16

All these movements are going to appear in this moment. 00:02:18

Well, at the end, it's nation, OK? 00:02:21

Because this, they call it a nation. 00:02:24

That's why this is called nationalism. 00:02:28

Then its nation should be confirmed as a state. 00:02:31

So nation for them, it's equal to state, sorry, state, OK? 00:02:34

And the borders of the state should coincide with those of the nation. 00:02:46

So nation and state should be the same. 00:02:53

It was most prominent in territories that were under foreign control and territories 00:02:57

that has aspired to be unified with a political state. 00:03:03

But let's focus in two important situations, the unification of Italy, and then we will 00:03:10

talk about the unification of Germany. 00:03:16

Very quickly, Italy, it was divided in seven states. 00:03:19

Seven independent or independent states. 00:03:25

Some of them under foreign domination, like the North States, they were dominated by Austria. 00:03:30

The main leaders of this union were Victor Manuel II, the king of Piedmont, Sardinia, 00:03:36

his prime minister, the Count de Cubois, and the revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi. 00:03:43

We have right here Victor Manuel II, Count Camillo de Cubois, and Giuseppe Garibaldi. 00:03:50

Well I don't want to spend so much time explaining the reasons of this situation, but just if 00:03:59

you want to do a research, just look for the battle of Crimea against France, against Austria 00:04:07

and so on, and you will realize that this is the beginning of this situation. 00:04:16

At the end, with the help of Napoleon, Victor Manuel is going to annex, Victor Manuel who 00:04:21

is the ruler of this Piedmont, is going to annex Lombardy, which is right here, after 00:04:28

the defeating of Austria, while the rest of the states of Italy saw him very brave, saw 00:04:36

him like he was good enough to control or to be the king of the rest of the states. 00:04:43

So he was one important person, and his popularity was very high in the rest of Italy. 00:04:51

Well, we have also Garibaldi, who was a revolutionary, who conquered the kingdom of the two Sicilies 00:05:02

right here, the kingdom of the two Sicilies in the south of Italy, with the army known 00:05:08

as the Expedition of the Thousand, la Expedicion de los Mil, o de los Camisas Rojas, también 00:05:15

se le conoce, with the union of both territories, the north and the south. 00:05:21

In 1860 the kingdom of Italy was proclaimed. 00:05:29

Then they annexed Venice, which is right here, they annexed Venice some few years later, 00:05:33

and then they conquered the Pontifical State, which was right here in the middle of the 00:05:42

peninsula. 00:05:48

So the unification of Italy was achieved in 1870. 00:05:50

This new state adopted a parliamentary monarchy based in Census Sufrit. 00:05:56

Time to talk about the German unification, which I think is more interesting, because 00:06:07

in the future we will talk about things related with this moment. 00:06:15

Well, the unification of Germany, 1864-1871, the Germanic Confederation was made up of 00:06:23

39 states and presided over by Austria. 00:06:31

The unification of these states was led by Prussia, under William I, he was the king, 00:06:39

and his chancellor, who is something like the first minister, Bismarck. 00:06:47

We will talk about Bismarck quite often in the next unit. 00:06:54

Anyway, they, him and him, wanted to unite the German states and exclude Austria, and 00:06:59

this is important, because Austria, it was not just the Austria we know today. 00:07:07

We had to talk about the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and they were very powerful, so they 00:07:14

were going to rule this union, and they just didn't want to. 00:07:21

They want them to control this union. 00:07:25

At the end, Austria was Prussia's rival, so they didn't want to be together in this company. 00:07:30

Well, right here you have a map where it's represented all this territory of these 39 00:07:43

states that they were split up through this territory, and they wanted to join in one 00:07:55

single state. 00:08:03

Well, Prussia confronted Austria, defeating Austria in the Battle of Sadowa in 1866, and 00:08:05

that unifies the northern states, they are going to unify these states, they are going 00:08:17

to exclude the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which is right here. 00:08:24

Well, once Bismarck has achieved to control these two regions right here, Schleswig and 00:08:32

Holstein, by them, and he has united all these 39 states under his ruling, he's going to 00:08:44

attack France to get Alsace and Lorraine, which are two other regions right here, to 00:08:56

control it, to join them to the new territory. 00:09:07

So, at the end, Prussia defeated France in the Battle of Sedan, 1870, very important 00:09:12

date, 1870, there is a war between France and Germany. 00:09:18

Well, at the end, he unified the southern states, incorporating Alsace and Lorraine 00:09:25

from France. 00:09:33

Well, in this moment, it's just in this moment, 1870, it's the beginning of the German Empire 00:09:34

known as the Second Reich, right? 00:09:44

So, Germany became the strongest state in Europe, and Bismarck, the new leader in an 00:09:47

international relations. 00:09:54

The constitution of this new state establishes universal male suffrage and a federal system, 00:09:57

very important. 00:10:04

So, they are going to maintain the 39 states, they are not going to unify in a single state, 00:10:05

but 39 states, but with common laws between them. 00:10:15

So, they are going to have a lot of independence, but in some other things, like the military 00:10:21

and some economical things, they are going together with a single constitution. 00:10:27

So, along this century, the 19th century, many countries appear in the world. 00:10:35

We can talk about the Latin American countries with all the South American countries that 00:10:44

they achieved the independence of Spain and Portugal, during the 20s, Greece, who got 00:10:50

independence from the Ottoman Empire, during, along the 30s, Belgium, from the Low Countries, 00:10:58

they got independence from the Low Countries. 00:11:11

But some others fail, like Ireland, which failed to get the independence of the United 00:11:16

Kingdom. 00:11:23

All the nationalisms are going to appear, like the Catalan countries, or the Basque, 00:11:24

or some other regions in Europe. 00:11:32

And that's it, we have finished this unit, if you have any questions, just please ask 00:11:39

me next day in class. 00:11:46

Idioma/s:
Autor/es:: Lucas Úbeda Álvarez
Subido por:: Lucas U.
Licencia:: Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:: 4
Fecha:: 28 de julio de 2023 - 12:42
Visibilidad:: Clave
Centro:: CP INF-PRI PADRE GARRALDA
Duración:: 11′ 49″
Relación de aspecto:: 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:: 1024x768 píxeles
Tamaño:: 166.12 MBytes