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2.2 Nasrid Art. The Alhambra - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 8 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

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So, for example, I don't know Manuel, could you explain the first reason? 00:00:05
They were in a good geographical location. 00:00:10
Exactly, they were in a really great geographical location. Why? Because Granada was surrounded by Sierra Nevada. 00:00:14
It was surrounded by different races. 00:00:32
Can you hear me, Lou, and the rest? 00:00:35
Yes. 00:00:39
Could you close the microphones? 00:00:42
Could you turn off the microphones? 00:00:46
Okay. 00:00:48
Because if not... 00:00:49
Lou, can you hear me? 00:00:51
Lou, are you there? 00:00:59
Yes, yes. 00:01:05
Okay, great. 00:01:06
Yeah, we can hear you, but every once in a while, 00:01:08
some words get lost. 00:01:12
I don't know what happened today. 00:01:14
We will try to do our best. 00:01:20
So, Clara, could you explain the second reason? 00:01:23
Exactly, the first reason was that the Kingdom of Granada, 00:01:25
the Nargis Kingdom, was surrounded by different ranges. 00:01:29
And that's why they managed to survive. 00:01:34
Clara, could you explain the second reason? 00:01:37
Clara? 00:01:45
It's that she got caught. 00:01:46
Marta could you explain the second reason? Could you turn on the microphone? 00:01:47
Juan Carlos? 00:02:00
They had the support of the Muslims because they had access to the Mediterranean. 00:02:07
So the Muslims came from North Africa. 00:02:17
Exactly. They managed to survive also because they had many, many contacts with North Africa and they trade with them. 00:02:21
And what was the third reason? Could you explain the third reason to me? I need a volunteer. 00:02:31
Me. 00:02:39
Who is me? 00:02:40
The third reason, that the Muslims pay taxes to the Christians in order to get the peace and to not have war. 00:02:41
Exactly. In this moment, Sara, Castile and Aragon were in crisis. 00:02:57
They had some economic problems because it was the moment of the Black Death. 00:03:03
So, both of them, Castile and Aragon, had problems, economic problems, and due to this 00:03:11
social and economic situation, Muslims took advantage of that and they paid taxes in exchange 00:03:21
for peace, because Muslims knew the situation that the Christians were having, and for this 00:03:28
they reached a commitment with the Christians. 00:03:39
They would pay taxes in exchange for peace. 00:03:43
But who paid the taxes? 00:03:48
Muslims. 00:03:51
People who were living in Granada, the Nasrid Kingdom, 00:03:53
paid taxes to the Christians in exchange for peace. 00:03:57
Okay? 00:04:02
Okay. 00:04:03
And they managed to survive, 00:04:04
managed to survive up to 1492 when the Catholic kings came to Granada and they 00:04:07
finally conquered Granada. So today class we are going to pay attention to the 00:04:14
most important building in the narrative art which was the Alhambra. The Alhambra 00:04:20
was called like this. It was called the Alhambra which was the most important 00:04:28
building in the narwhal kingdom it was built during the time of the narwhal family so in the 00:04:35
13th century and in the 14th century it was the moment when the alhambra was built and it was 00:04:43
called like this due to its reddish reddish 00:04:50
bricks reddish reddish due to the reddish color 00:04:59
of its bricks okay this is the what the name 00:05:09
of alhambra came from from its reddish color in its bricks and some ladrillos 00:05:17
So, the Alhambra, as I said before, it was the most important building in the Nazarene Kingdom for different reasons. 00:05:26
First of all, because it was a fortified palace. 00:05:34
Why did the Muslims need to build a fortified palace? 00:05:41
To protect themselves against who? 00:05:49
Against the Christians. 00:05:53
Exactly, that's why Muslims in the Nazarite Kingdom needed to build a fortified palace 00:05:55
because they were fighting at that time, at that time they were fighting against Christians. 00:06:06
That's why they built this fortified palace, which is called the Alhambra. 00:06:12
Fortified area. It was a fortified palace because it was surrounded by walls. 00:06:20
and why did the Muslims needed to build a fortified palace because they were 00:06:46
fighting against Christians palacio fortificado fortified palace okay in 00:06:54
the Alhambra class there were two important parts the first one was the 00:07:00
Alcazaba this is the Alcazaba the Alcazaba was built in the 13th 00:07:07
century. It was built during the time of Mohammed I who was the first 00:07:15
king in the Nasrid Kingdom and it was, as you can see here, as we might see here, it 00:07:23
was the fortified area because it was surrounded by walls, by towers. Here we 00:07:32
have the homage tower and it was very important for the soldiers, it was very 00:07:41
important for the soldiers because it was the place where the military 00:07:47
garrison, la guarnición militar, it was the place where the military garrison was 00:07:53
located. So the soldiers were here at the top of the mountain in Granada to 00:08:01
protect the city and the palace against christians so it was very very you travel to granada 00:08:08
you might understand very quickly this information because when the christians came from here from 00:08:16
the mountains it was very difficult to conquer granada because the alhambra is in a high 00:08:21
altitude and it was easy to defend for the muslims because it was also surrounded by walls 00:08:30
It was a huge fortress. 00:08:38
The soldiers were here because here, 00:08:40
this is the Alcazaba, 00:08:44
it was the place for the military garrison. 00:08:45
Military garrison means la guarnición militar. 00:08:50
Okay, this is the first part of the palace, the Alhambra. 00:08:55
Do we have questions up to here? 00:09:01
No? 00:09:05
So, let's move on to the second part. 00:09:07
Luis. 00:09:10
Tell me, Maria. 00:09:11
I was writing something in the chat. 00:09:12
Who? 00:09:15
Jose. 00:09:16
He wrote fortified, right? 00:09:17
Yes. 00:09:19
That's fortified. 00:09:22
Why did he ask? 00:09:23
Fortified. 00:09:26
It means fortified. 00:09:28
Yes, I wrote fortified and 45 so you can see the difference there. 00:09:33
oh thank you so much yeah no problem military garrison is a military garrison means 00:09:38
the soldiers it's it so muhammad the first built the fortified area that was a military 00:09:46
garrison for the soldiers no exactly brilliant muhammad the first was the first king in the 00:10:01
Kingdom who commissioned, who put the money to build the Alcazaba, okay? 00:10:08
What was the second part? We explained the first part which was built in the 00:10:15
13th century and now we are going to move on very quickly to the Royal 00:10:22
Complex, El Complejo Real, because remember there were two different parts 00:10:27
in the Alhambra. The first one was the Alcazaba and the second one was the Royal Complex, 00:10:33
which was built in the 14th century. This is the Royal Complex inside of the Alhambra. 00:10:41
The Royal Complex, it seems another thing, but it was built with poor materials. It was 00:10:53
built with poor materials because remember muslim people used to build their buildings with poor 00:11:02
materials such as ceramics ceramics plasterboard plasterboard we are here they use poor materials 00:11:11
such as ceramics, terámica, plasterboard, which means yeso in Spanish, yeso, plasterboard. 00:11:24
And also, what about the ceilings? The ceilings were made of wood, madera. 00:11:36
However, these bolts, it seems another thing, but they built these kind of bolts with full materials. 00:11:45
They built this bolt actually with wood and they were called mucarna bolting. 00:11:55
Can you write bolt? 00:12:03
Bolt? 00:12:07
Yes. 00:12:08
Can you do it? 00:12:09
Okay. 00:12:10
I found out. 00:12:11
You have seen this before. 00:12:12
So, again, they built the Alhambra with rich or poor materials. 00:12:14
materials, with poor materials, because they use bricks, ladrillos, we have seen this before, 00:12:20
ceramics, ceramica, plasterboard, gesso, and the ceilings were made of wood. Actually, 00:12:27
They built their ceilings using this particular bolt, which was called mucarna bolting. 00:12:38
If you want to learn this word in Spanish, it was called cupula de mocarabes, mucarna 00:12:53
bolting. 00:13:02
And it seems very rich, Teresa, but actually, in reality, it was built with poor materials. It was made of wood. It seems stone, but in reality, it was built with wood. 00:13:03
So, we are in the royal complex, which was built in the 14th century, so the fortified 00:13:25
area was built one century before, and the royal complex in the 14th century. 00:13:34
And the royal complex class was divided also into two parts. 00:13:42
The Royal Complex, we explained before some general ideas, 00:13:47
we explained the materials, 00:13:54
but the Royal Complex also was built, 00:13:57
as I said before, it was divided into two different parts. 00:14:00
This is the first one. 00:14:05
The first one is called the Comares Palace. 00:14:07
This is actually, if you enter, 00:14:11
this is the main entrance in the Alhambra, 00:14:14
You are going to enter from here and this is the first palace that you are going to see, the Comares Palace. And the Comares Palace, it was surrounded by different rooms and all of them were organized by a courier, by a square. 00:14:17
And this courier, or square, is called the Arrayanes Square, or the Arrayanes Courier. 00:14:40
This is the Comares Palace, it was the public area of the building. 00:14:53
It was the place, for example, to reach commitments, to sign treaties, okay? 00:15:05
It was the public area of the building. 00:15:12
The Nazareth kings used this part in the Komares Palace to sign treaties, to make some trade 00:15:16
agreements, to make business with other countries. 00:15:26
Tell me. 00:15:30
Can you repeat the part that you say that it was surrounded by rooms and each one was? 00:15:31
Yes, I will say that the Alhambra was divided, the royal complex in the Alhambra, 00:15:38
the real complex in the Alhambra, was divided into two parts. 00:15:45
The first one is the Comares Palace. This is the Comares Palace, 00:15:50
which was surrounded by three different rooms. 00:15:55
which were also organized by the Arrayanes Square. 00:16:01
This is the Arrayanes Square or the Arrayanes Courtyard, patio. 00:16:07
Here we could see the fountain and the gardens 00:16:14
because you know that Muslims, Muslim people 00:16:18
always build their buildings with gardens, with water. 00:16:21
Why did the Muslim people build always their buildings with gardens 00:16:26
and fountains. Hugo? Because they used to live in the desert, the water is like a treasure for them. 00:16:31
Exactly, it was like a treasure for them. Yes, I couldn't agree more. So, the Comares Palace was 00:16:46
the public area because they used this building to sign treaties, to receive ambassadors from abroad, 00:16:54
to receive ambassadors from abroad, 00:17:04
to receive ambassadors from abroad, 00:17:07
to receive ambassadors from abroad, 00:17:09
to make business, to sign trade agreements. 00:17:13
That's why it was the public area, okay? 00:17:17
And the most important room in this part of the palace, 00:17:22
the most important room in this part of the palace, 00:17:26
in the Comares Palace, in the public area, 00:17:31
which was organized by the Arrayanes Square, was the Mexuar. 00:17:34
The Mexuar, which was inside of this palace, inside of the Comares Palace, 00:17:41
the Mexuar was the main room in the public area. This is the Mexuar, 00:17:49
which is called also the Hall of Ambassadors, 00:17:58
La Sala de los Embajadores, the Hall of Ambassadors. 00:18:01
And why the mesuar was called the Hall of Ambassadors? 00:18:05
Because in this place, in this room, we could see the throne for the, el trono, the throne for the Nazareth kings. 00:18:11
And in this place, in this room, the Nazareth kings used to receive the ambassadors from abroad. 00:18:22
This is the place, this is the room that the Nazarite kings used to make some business, to sign treaties, 00:18:31
to reach commitments with other countries, with other kingdoms. 00:18:39
That's why the Comares Palace was the public area. 00:18:47
and inside of the Komares Palace, we might find the Hall of Ambassadors. 00:18:53
And that was where they signed and all that? 00:19:01
Exactly. Inside of the Hall of Ambassadors, inside of the Mexuar, 00:19:04
it was the place for signing treaties, commitments, to make trade agreements with other kingdoms. 00:19:10
Can you write treaty and commitment? 00:19:19
Yes, of course. 00:19:22
Treaty, treaties in plural, commitments, commitments, compromises. 00:19:25
Thank you. 00:19:39
Okay. 00:19:40
Luis? 00:19:43
Yes. 00:19:44
Can you repeat why in the Mexuda they signed the treaties and the communes? 00:19:45
It was called like this, the Mexua, the Hall of Ambassadors, because in this place, it was the place, the room, 00:19:55
where the Nazareth king signed the treaties or reached trade commitments with other kingdoms. 00:20:07
Sara, was it clear or not? 00:20:17
Yes. 00:20:20
Okay. 00:20:21
Thank you. 00:20:22
If it was clear, if everything was clear so far, we are going to explain now the other part. 00:20:23
so only in the next one they were made the treaty commitment and the and when they received the 00:20:32
ambassadors from abroad exactly it was the only public area of the palace this part only in that 00:20:45
hole they made all of them exactly only in this part only the first part of the alhambra was the 00:20:54
public area to receive people from from the street from outside okay because the other part the other 00:21:02
part were the private quarters and it was called the area of the court of the lion so now we are 00:21:14
going to explain we explained before the public area and now let's move on to 00:21:23
explain the private area Maria and the two parts and asking say 00:21:30
hello que las dos partes de donde salen both parts came from the royal complex 00:21:38
El Complejo Real. One thing was the Alcazaba. The Alcazaba was the fortified area and the other part, the most luxurious part, was the Royal Complex, El Complejo Real. 00:21:46
but this part of the palace was divided into two parts Maria one part was the 00:22:03
public area and the other part was the private area the public area was the 00:22:11
part for people from outside from the street and the private area was the 00:22:17
specific part for the king and his family that's why it was called the 00:22:24
private area this area which is called the court of the lions and patio de los leones it was also 00:22:31
the private area it was surrounded by different rooms they use it seems very rich i mean in terms 00:22:42
of materials but they build this part also with pool materials because here we might see the 00:22:52
the mucarna bolting, horseshoe arches, plasterboard, 00:23:00
the ceilings were made of wood. 00:23:06
It seems very rich, but in reality, 00:23:10
they built their buildings with poor materials. 00:23:12
And this part was private because all these rooms 00:23:16
were only for the Nazareth king and his family. 00:23:21
There were different private rooms in this part. The private area, as I said before, was organized by this square, by this courtyard. 00:23:25
This courtyard, patio, was called the court of the lions, el patio de los leones. 00:23:40
And if we see this part of the Royal Palace in D'Alhambra, we are going to find different and really beautiful rooms, which were called with different names. One was called the Avencerraje's room, the other one, the Two Sisters rooms, and the final one, the Queen's room. 00:23:48
So now we are going to travel to all these rooms. This is the Avencerraje's room, really beautiful, due to its mucarna vaulting. Remember that it was made of wood. It seems stone, but in reality it was built with wood. 00:24:12
This is the mucarna vaulting again in the Abencerraje's room and it was called like this, the Abencerraje's room, because this room was for the personal guard for the Nazareth king. 00:24:35
This room was for the personal guard, a guardia personal, the personal guard for the Nazirite king. 00:24:52
They were called the Avencerrajes. 00:25:07
And actually, in this room, it became really, really famous because these soldiers organized, 00:25:10
they organized, at some point in the history of the Nazareth Kingdom, 00:25:18
they organized a revolt against the Nazareth King. 00:25:22
And the Nazareth King at that time gave the order to kill all of them. 00:25:27
And the Abencerrajes were the personal guard for the Nazareth King. 00:25:33
And when they organized this revolt, this is only to know more, 00:25:42
When the avencerajes organized this revolt or revolution against the king, 00:25:46
the king gave the order to lock them up here. 00:25:54
He locked them up here and he gave the order to kill all of them. 00:25:58
Clara, ask me. 00:26:09
That the avencerajes room was only for the personal guard of the Nazi king 00:26:14
and he was living there or what only the soldiers the the very few the limited soldiers who were 00:26:20
the personal guard for the narwhal king were living there in the private quarters because 00:26:31
sometimes the narwhal king remember remember the power struggle remember the power struggles in 00:26:39
the narwhal kingdom there were many many power struggles and for the reason the narwhal king 00:26:46
was afraid of his own life and that's why he had a personal guard living close to him 00:26:52
okay the other room the other room was the two sister room it was called like this 00:27:00
because there was a myth behind another Nazareth king 00:27:09
who used to have two different sisters 00:27:15
who gave support to the Nazareth king. 00:27:18
And for this reason, both sisters were living close to the Nazareth king. 00:27:23
And this room received the name of the two sisters' room. 00:27:30
They use the same materials, poor materials, the mucana bolting. 00:27:36
And the final one is the queen's room with a view from outside. 00:27:43
This is the queen's room and the Daraxa view. 00:27:53
It was called the Daraxa view because from here we might see from outside 00:28:00
And I don't know if you appreciate, but we have here ceramics, plasterboard, gesso, ceramics, 00:28:07
poor materials. 00:28:19
The mucarna vaulting is here also, and we might see from here different gardens, trees, 00:28:20
muslim people value a lot the vegetation because they used to live in a desert 00:28:31
this is one of the most impressive views in the alhambra they combine they combine this 00:28:39
particular architecture with the trees from outside to give a better impression for them 00:28:46
So, in the two sisters' room, they lived the sisters of the king, or were they the daughters of the king? 00:28:55
It was called like this because two different sisters from a particular king used to live there, 00:29:07
and for this reason, this room received the name of the two sisters' room. 00:29:15
But other Nazareth kings used this room for their family. 00:29:20
The name came from this. 00:29:28
So these two sisters weren't from the Nazareth kings, they were from others? 00:29:31
Yes, there was one king who was called Yusuf I. 00:29:39
He then had a wife, and for this reason he wanted to live together with his two sisters. 00:29:49
And in honor of his two sisters, he gave the name of the room in honor of his two sisters. 00:29:57
But other Nazareth kings used the room for the rest of their family. 00:30:07
But the name came from this particular story of Yusuf the First. 00:30:18
It was clear or not? 00:30:25
Yes. 00:30:27
So with this, we have finished the Alhambra. 00:30:29
We traveled today to the Alhambra. 00:30:31
We explained the two different parts, the Alcazaba and the Royal Complex. 00:30:34
Remember the fortified area and the palace. 00:30:41
This is the area of the palace. 00:30:45
But the area of the palace was divided in turn into two different parts. 00:30:47
The public area, which was called the area to the Comares Palace, and the private area 00:30:58
in exclusive for the king and his family, that it was organized, surrounded by this 00:31:05
really really beautiful courtyard which is called the court of the lions okay I 00:31:14
finish here 00:31:24
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
39
Fecha:
8 de mayo de 2023 - 20:23
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
31′ 27″
Relación de aspecto:
17:9 Es más ancho pero igual de alto que 16:9 (1.77:1). Se utiliza en algunas resoluciones, como por ejemplo: 2K, 4K y 8K.
Resolución:
1854x976 píxeles
Tamaño:
1002.13 MBytes

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