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CEV 2ESO - 21 Human Rights - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 21 de julio de 2023 por César Pedro P.

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Human Rights

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was established in 1948 by the United Nations. 00:00:00
This means that all the countries in the world accepted to write on a paper which are our basic fundamental rights. 00:00:08
How many rights have we got? 00:00:18
In the Universal Declaration there are 30 rights and if you are interested in getting to know them 00:00:22
I invite you to go to the internet and visit a wonderful website called Youth for Human Rights 00:00:29
or in Spanish Juventud por los Derechos Humanos 00:00:35
in which you will find 30 wonderful videos explaining all of your individual rights. 00:00:39
Now, human rights have very special characteristics that you should know. 00:00:46
They are universal, imprescriptible and inalienable. 00:00:50
They are universal because they apply to everybody regardless of our differences. 00:00:54
They are imprescriptible because they never expire no matter how old you are or what you do. 00:01:00
And they are inalienable because nobody can take them away from you or ignore you. 00:01:06
And because you cannot give them away. 00:01:11
You cannot say you don't want your rights because they intrinsically belong to you. 00:01:13
Now, why do we have rights? 00:01:19
That is a difficult philosophical question about the foundations of rights. 00:01:23
There are different theories to explain this. 00:01:28
One of them is the conventionalist theory. 00:01:31
According to conventionalists we have rights because we decided to do that. 00:01:34
This means that rights come from an agreement. 00:01:39
So, when people decided to write our articles in a paper, that's why we have rights. 00:01:42
It's sort of a pact or an agreement made by people. 00:01:51
This is, for example, the theory that sophists defended. 00:01:57
They, as you know, were also relativists. 00:02:01
They thought different countries and different times have different norms and rules. 00:02:04
So, human rights for them would be only the result of an agreement. 00:02:09
This means that if we have the way to find a different agreement, our rights could change. 00:02:14
According to the conventionalist theory, we could change our rights if we agree to modify them in the future. 00:02:22
Now, there is a different theory, an opposed interpretation of human rights, 00:02:32
which is called the theory of natural law. 00:02:37
According to the natural law theory, rights are in our human nature. 00:02:40
It means that they belong to everybody, everywhere, no matter where or when you live. 00:02:47
So, human rights are natural. 00:02:53
They are part of our way of being. 00:02:56
They form our human essence and we cannot change them because they are in the nature of things. 00:03:00
John Locke, for example, who was a philosopher who lived in the 17th century, defended the theory of natural law. 00:03:07
For him, the right to freedom, life and private property are basic rights that belong to us by nature. 00:03:15
There is a very important thing that you should know about human rights. 00:03:25
They are not all equal. 00:03:29
They can be classified. 00:03:31
Actually, they can be classified in two different ways. 00:03:33
So, we'll go step by step. 00:03:36
The first classification of human rights divides them according to which value they are trying to protect. 00:03:38
Civil rights protect our freedom. 00:03:46
Civil rights are the things that nobody can do to you because if they do that to you, you are not free. 00:03:50
No one can do these things, not even the government, not even the state, not even the police. 00:03:59
Some basic civil rights are the right to life, meaning that nobody can kill you, 00:04:05
the right not to be tortured or not to be sent to prison without a fair reason, 00:04:11
the right to a fair trial, the right not to be tortured, 00:04:17
the right to free expression or to free thought. 00:04:23
A second group of rights is the political rights. 00:04:28
Political rights protect our participation in society. 00:04:32
For example, voting, the right to vote or the right to participate in a demonstration in a public assembly are examples of political rights. 00:04:36
The third type of rights are social and economic rights. 00:04:46
Social and economic rights protect our equality because these are things that the state must give you for free. 00:04:50
For example, education or health protection or social security, including help for unemployed people that lost their jobs. 00:04:57
All these things must be given to the people by the government for free because if not, we are not equal. 00:05:06
Think what would happen if you had to pay in order to go to school. 00:05:14
Only rich people would have the opportunity to have an education and that would break equality in society. 00:05:19
And the fourth and last group of rights is the solidarity group. 00:05:26
Solidarity rights are collective rights that apply to peoples, not to individuals. 00:05:32
And one of them, for example, is the right to live in a peaceful world. 00:05:38
The right to improve the situation of poor countries, the right to development so that all societies in the world can share a common welfare. 00:05:43
But as I told you before, there is another way to classify human rights according to when they were established and acknowledged by the legislation. 00:05:54
According to this classification, human rights are divided in generations. 00:06:03
The first generation of human rights, which includes civil and political rights, are the first rights that were included in the law. 00:06:08
These rights were approved in the 18th century after the American and French revolutions. 00:06:17
You know, the revolutionaries decided that people had to stop being subjects and they had to begin being citizens. 00:06:25
This meant that there was the necessity to establish limits to what the government could do to people, those are civil rights, 00:06:33
and that we should grant everybody's participation in society and those are political rights. 00:06:41
The second generation was established in the 19th and 20th century and it includes social and economic rights. 00:06:47
It took time to pass these rights in the legislation because, as you know, these rights imply money. 00:06:56
The government has to pay to ensure that everybody has a free education or free health protection. 00:07:03
So it was hard to force the government to pass these rights. 00:07:10
The third generation of human rights includes solidarity rights, like the right to peace or the right to development of poor countries. 00:07:15
And they were only approved at the end of the 20th century. 00:07:24
Now, you might think if there are more rights than these 30 human rights included in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. 00:07:29
Well, some people think there are and, for example, they are planning to develop a fourth generation of human rights, 00:07:38
including new things such as, for example, the right to access the Internet, which is basic in a modern world like our current world. 00:07:47
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
César Prestel
Subido por:
César Pedro P.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
14
Fecha:
21 de julio de 2023 - 12:36
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
07′ 58″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
463.32 MBytes

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