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2º ESO/AL ANDALUS: SOCIETY, ECONOMY AND ART - Contenido educativo
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Hello! It has been so long since the last video. Today we are going to learn about the Andalusi society and art.
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Remember that we already know lots of things about it because we have studied it with the origins, the spread of the Islam and also the Islamic art.
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What we are going to do now is to focus in the Islamic region of the Iberian Peninsula, Al-Andalus.
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Remember to take notes, make questions and complete the survey.
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You can check also pages 86 to 93.
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Al-Andalus
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Society, Art, Cities and Economy
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The Islamic society and also the Andalusian society was divided into religious groups,
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the Muslims and the non-Muslims.
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The Muslims were the conquerors, the Arabs that they come from the Arabian Peninsula and the Berbers.
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These last come from the north of Africa and were poorer than the Arabs.
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In this group we had as well the Muladis, Christians converted to Islam.
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In the other group, the non-Muslims, we have the Musarabs, Christians who didn't convert to Islam, and also Jews, they were merchants, artisans.
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Musarabs and Jews had to pay taxes to keep their religion and customs, like in Al-Andalus, the cities.
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As you know, Islamic cities had a very regular shape and tiny strips to avoid the burning
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heat of the sun and keep fresh in the dark.
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During the 10th Caliphate, Córdoba was the most important city of Al-Ándalus.
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Seville, Toledo, Valencia, Murcia were also very important cities.
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Let's see the parts of a Muslim city.
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The city inside the walls was called the Medina, La Medina.
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In that part there were very important buildings, as you can see here, for the religious, the
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civil and the economic activities.
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The Alcázar, the fortress, the main mosque, the souks, los zocos en español, so they
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were the markets and also the hammams, the public baths. There were also the
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alóndigas, they were store rooms, almacenes. As you can see the urbanism was
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very irregular, the streets were very tiny also. Water was a very important
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element in every Islamic city. Fountains, gardens, irrigated gardens, seaweed,
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Alcantarillado, were very important for Muslims. Let's focus in the economy.
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Al-Andalus had a prosperous economy based on agriculture, craftwork and trade.
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They cultivated local crops such as grapes, olives, but also they imported
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crops from the other parts of the Islamic Empire, like cotton, rice, aubergines and artichokes,
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berenjenas y alcachofas. Craft work. Craftsmen developed high quality products such as ceramics,
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leather, precious metals, silk, ivory. Ceramic is actually one of the main decoration used in
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Andalusi art, trade. Lots of merchants lived near the souks, los zocos, where they sold
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their products. This is the last part of the video, the Andalusi art. Andalusi art
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is very similar to the Islamic art that we have studied. The elements and the
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characteristics are the same. Let's remember them. The main buildings were
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palaces, mosques, public baths and also the fortress. The materials were very
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simple outside and very poor but very precious inside with different kind of
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decoration. Remember the different elements, the locked arch, the horseshoe
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art, wooden roof. Islamic art and also Andalusi art was iconoclastic because
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they didn't represent human figure. The different type of decoration were
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geometric, description from the Quran and arabesque. Remember arabesque were a
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mixture of animal and vegetal decoration. Here you can see a new type of
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of decoration the lattice work, celosia in Spanish. So they had effect of light and shade
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inside the palaces and also mosques as you can see in the picture. Remember also that water
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was very important to create a very special atmosphere. As there were different periods
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in the history of Al-Andalus we are going to find also differences in the art of each period.
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different periods, different kind of art. The first, the Caliphate art, el arte califal.
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Its main characteristics are the arches, they were made in colors white and red,
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they were combined these colors. We can find them in the mosque of Cordoba and also in the
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palace of Medina Azahara. The Mosque of Córdoba took 200 years to complete, from
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Abderramán I to Al-Mansur. After the 1212, remember, La Batalla de las Nadas de Tolosa,
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when Christians took control of Córdoba, they started building a cathedral inside
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the mosque to symbolize Christian power. Taifa art, el arte taifa.
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The main characteristics is that this art was a very beautiful and very decorated palace in the Taifa's kingdoms.
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Here you can see a picture of Aljacería de Zaragoza, that was the palace for the sultan of this Taifa kingdom.
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Art. Arte almohade. The supported troops that came from the north of Africa were very austere, so they did a very sober art with no decoration. Here you can see some examples in the city of Seville.
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The Giralda, now the tower of the Cathedral of Seville, but remember that it was the original
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minaret of the mosque.
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And on the right you can see the tower of gold in Seville, La Torre del Oro.
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It was part of the walls to defend the city.
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This is the last period, the Nasrid art, el arte nazarí.
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kings were lovers of art, music, beauty and happiness. Because of that we can find in
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Granada the best examples of Andalusi art. They built the Alhambra, a fortress city with
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palaces and gardens. It was the city of the Taifa kings. There were public and private
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areas in the Alhambra, organized around courtyards, patios. The public areas were
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around the Court of the Beertals, the Court of Machuca and the Court of the
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Golden Room. The Court of Lions was the center of the private palaces. Generalife
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El Feu was an area outside the walls formed by summer palaces and beautiful gardens.
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Here you can see an example of the cart of the Myrtus, El Patio de los Arrayanes, and
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also the cart of Lions, El Palacio o El Patio de los Leones.
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Here there is a view of the Alhambra, and remember that it was made up of different
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kind of palaces, public, private and also a space for garden, water and summer palaces.
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This is the end students. Remember to do the survey and see you on Monday! Bye!
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- Subido por:
- Alicia M.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 354
- Fecha:
- 12 de enero de 2021 - 19:38
- Visibilidad:
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- Centro:
- IES LA SENDA
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- 11′ 05″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
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