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The Present Subjunctive - 2 - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 17 de julio de 2022 por Josã© Joaquã­n M.

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Una profundización en el subjuntivo de mandato en inglés. Un modo diferente de expresar importancia, necesidad u obligación en registros formales.

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Hello everyone, and welcome to a new episode of Learn English for Spanish Speakers. 00:00:00
Over the next few minutes, I'm going to focus on some specificities and singularities 00:00:11
of the present subjunctive, one of the most advanced grammar points in the English language. 00:00:17
But before proceeding to it, here is a word of warning for you. 00:00:24
If you're not acquainted with this topic, I suggest that you familiarise yourself with 00:00:30
the basics of this grammar feature in a previous episode called the present subjunctive part 00:00:36
Only then will you be able to keep up with the rather more complex content and examples 00:00:45
presented here. 00:00:51
Alright, shall we start with the present subjunctive part 2? 00:00:53
In this tutorial, I'm going to deal with the following aspects. 00:01:01
The fact that the present subjunctive, as a verb, never changes. 00:01:08
And 2. 00:01:13
Other forms of the present subjunctive, and more specifically, the negative form and the 00:01:15
passive voice form. 00:01:21
So let's begin. 00:01:25
The present subjunctive never changes. 00:01:29
In former grammar lessons, you must have learned that we need to change some words and adapt 00:01:34
our verb tenses when we need to report somebody else's words. 00:01:40
This grammar point, commonly known as reported speech, features two main characteristics. 00:01:46
A. An introductory part where we need to mention the author of the words and the reported verb. 00:01:54
And B. A subordinate clause referring to the actual words. 00:02:04
And a key feature here is that there must be a verb change in the subordinate clause 00:02:12
when the reporting verb is in the past. 00:02:20
So let's compare two pieces of information produced by the same speaker and see how they 00:02:26
take shape, if you will, when we have to report them to others. 00:02:33
Next week, all lessons will exceptionally start at 7.15 a.m., announced our headteacher Mr. Walker. 00:02:42
As a result of this change, it is of paramount importance that you all arrive at the school 00:02:50
entrance no later than 7 a.m., he insisted. 00:02:56
Imagine a situation in context where you're one of the students reporting this information 00:03:03
to a family member or a fellow student who unfortunately could not attend school that day. 00:03:10
This is what would happen. 00:03:19
In number one, the main purpose of the information unit is, simply, to make an announcement, 00:03:23
in this case of a timetable change. 00:03:33
So when we report this piece of information to others, we simply need to put those changes 00:03:37
in place so that our message gets contextualized and makes sense. 00:03:43
So we could say something like, our headteacher, Mr. Walker, announced that all lessons would 00:03:51
exceptionally start at 7.15 a.m. on the following week. 00:04:00
In Spanish, this would sound like... 00:04:08
Nuestro director, el señor Walker, nos anunció que, de manera excepcional, todas las clases 00:04:11
empezarían a las 7.15 de la mañana la siguiente semana. 00:04:20
There are no main differences between the English way and the Spanish way here, are there? 00:04:27
So far, so good. 00:04:33
So it seems that there is nothing new on the horizon. 00:04:35
But notice what happens in number two, where the main purpose of the information unit is 00:04:40
to express that students must observe the importance of arriving at least 15 minutes 00:04:47
before lessons start. 00:04:55
So, if you need to report this piece of information, you must absolutely convey the idea that, 00:04:59
in a polite way, the headteacher is compelling all students to make sure they all arrive 00:05:08
well in time before lessons start. 00:05:17
But it is here that the present subjunctive comes in very handy indeed. 00:05:22
Consequently, the right way to report this piece of information would be... 00:05:29
As a result of that change, he insisted that we all arrive at the school entrance no later than 7 a.m. 00:05:36
And in Spanish, this would be... 00:05:49
Debido a ese cambio, insistió en la necesidad de que todos llegásemos a la entrada del colegio o del instituto 00:05:53
nunca más tarde de las siete de la mañana. 00:06:03
Did you notice the word arrive? Not arrived. 00:06:08
The verb in the subordinate clause does not change at all. 00:06:15
It does not include the ending "-ed". 00:06:21
This invariability is not what you would expect. 00:06:25
And that surprise is the clue for the well-trained ear and the well-trained brain 00:06:30
of a proficient user of English to spot this nuance or subtlety in meaning. 00:06:37
Let's move on to the next aspect in this tutorial. 00:06:47
Let's focus on some other forms of the present subjunctive and how it is realised 00:06:52
a. in negative sentences 00:06:59
b. when we use the passive voice 00:07:03
Listen to the following example in a negative sentence. 00:07:08
Present regulations require that police officers not enter the crime scene without protective clothing. 00:07:13
This, in Spanish, could be translated as 00:07:24
El reglamento actual exige que los policías no puedan acceder al lugar del delito sin vestuario protector. 00:07:30
Did you notice that there is no auxiliary form do in the second part? 00:07:42
We don't say that police officers do not enter the crime scene, but that police officers not enter the crime scene. 00:07:49
Remember that this usage is more frequent in American English than in British English, 00:07:59
where the auxiliary form should is preferred. 00:08:06
So, in British English, you're more likely to hear something like 00:08:10
Present regulations require that police officers should not enter the crime scene without protective clothing. 00:08:16
And now, listen to the following example in a passive voice sentence. 00:08:26
A majority of committee members suggested that England be excluded from future European tournaments, 00:08:33
which, in Spanish, translates as 00:08:45
Una mayoría de miembros del comité abogaron por la necesidad de que se excluyese Inglaterra de futuros torneos europeos. 00:08:48
As in the previous example, remember that this usage is more frequent in American English than in British English, 00:09:00
where the auxiliary form should is preferred. 00:09:09
So, in British English, you're more likely to hear something like 00:09:14
A majority of committee members suggested that England should be excluded from future European tournaments. 00:09:20
Our next spot of call will be the past subjunctive, also called the unreal past, 00:09:32
which, among others, you can find in conditional sentences, type II, 00:09:42
and also in expressions like I wish, or if only. 00:09:50
And this brings me to the end of this tutorial. Thank you for listening. 00:09:55
So, it's goodbye now. Until next time, keep up the good work learning English and take care. 00:10:01
Idioma/s:
en es
Autor/es:
´Joaquin Moreno
Subido por:
Josã© Joaquã­n M.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
81
Fecha:
17 de julio de 2022 - 18:58
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
EOI E.O.I. DE POZUELO DE ALARCÓN
Duración:
10′ 18″
Relación de aspecto:
1.79:1
Resolución:
1352x756 píxeles
Tamaño:
36.02 MBytes

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