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Organic chemsitry_alkanes - Contenido educativo
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IUPAC rules to name organic compounds. Alkanes.
hello guys at the end of this video you are supposed to know how to differentiate different
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organic compounds and basically i'm gonna be reading my own notes so i hope uh it will help
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you to we're gonna be talking about carbon mainly and we're gonna focus on alkane
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when i have to name an organic compound the first thing i do is just look at the formula
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and try to identify the type of atoms that are there so let's look at the first one
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there are carbon and hydrogen and oxygen so they'll probably be a functional group
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and in the second one it's just carbon and hydrogen instead of hydrocarbon
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the same in the third one and in the last one we have we have nitrogen so it will be a functional
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group basically organic compounds can be divided into hydrocarbons if they have just carbon and
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hydrogen and something with strange things or stuff functional groups hydrocarbons are molecules
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that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms and depending on their structure we can have
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Acyclic without cycles, no cycle and cyclic. Acyclic are aliphatic compounds and they can be
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alkanes, alkenes and alkanes. Alkanes have all the carbon atoms joined by single bones and they
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are called saturated compounds. Alkenes and alkyenes on the other hand are called unsaturated
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compounds and in alkenes there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms, in alkyenes
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there is at least one triple bond between carbon atoms. If we have a cycle it means
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that carbon contains the ring, we can have allicyclic or aromatics.
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When we have a hydrocarbon without a cycle, the name is built using a root and a suffix.
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The root depends on the number of carbon atoms present in the molecule, so the best thing
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can do is learn by heart. If is one math, two f, three prob, four but. They are all irregular.
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And from this point on, pent, hex, et, oct, the typical Greek prefixes. What about the suffix?
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The suffixes depend on the type of carbon atoms or the type of bond between the carbon atoms.
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if there are single bonded carbon items only it's an ain with a double bone in with a triple bone
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iron if there are two or three double bones we can use the prefixes die before the ending in
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die in or try in and we can have exactly the same thing with triple bone and iron
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Alkanes have a formula CnH2n plus 2, where n is the number of items present in the molecule.
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So is the root plus the ending n as we said.
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Here we have, if there's only one carbon atom, we have CH4 methane, please focus on this
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carbon atom in methane and it is important to realize that it is joined to four atoms.
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In organic compounds, carbon atoms are going to be working with the tetravalence, so they
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are going to be joined to four different atoms always. So F if it has two carbon
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atoms ethane, if it has three propane, four butane, five pentane, with six hexane,
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with 7 heptane, 8 octane, 9 nonane and then decane.
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There are different ways to write the formula. It can be the
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calculate structure with its developed and in which all atoms are shown. It can
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be condensed or even more condensed. In this case, the CH2 group is repeated 4 times plus
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two other CH3, we have 6 hexane. Thank you for watching this video. You can
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learn some more things about how to name alkenes and alkyenes in the next one.
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- Idioma/s:
- Idioma/s subtítulos:
-
- Autor/es:
- María Tamés Esteban
- Subido por:
- Maria Jesús T.
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 14
- Fecha:
- 31 de marzo de 2024 - 17:11
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES PRINCIPE FELIPE
- Duración:
- 05′ 45″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 76.74 MBytes