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The International Relations - Contenido educativo
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Hello class, today we are going to explain the European-International relations from
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1871 up to 1890. At that time, we are going to travel to the year 1871. At that time if
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you remember, Yemeni defeated France in the Battle of Sedan. As a result of that, Yemeni
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took over two important industrial territories in France, which were Lorraine and Alsace,
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and obviously France became the main rival of Yemeni. The chancellor at that moment was
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Otto von Wismar, and it was true that Wismar succeeded, the Yemen territory was created,
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Yemeni as a nation was founded, but Otto von Wismar was really really afraid, because he
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knew that France became his main rival, and obviously he was really really interested in
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consolidating the country. Yemeni was founded in 1870, and Wismar knew that Yemeni needed
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several years in advance to consolidate the country, to consolidate the administration,
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the state, because if not, one revolution could emerge in Yemeni. So for this reason,
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Wismar carefully developed a new system, a new system which was based on different alliances
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that I'm going to explain in a minute. So from 1871 to 1890, Wismar was the main chancellor in
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Yemeni, the emperor was Wilhelm I, and Wismar developed the important Bismarckian alliance
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systems to protect Yemeni from its enemies. This alliance system, this network of alliance systems
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were based on secret diplomacy, secret diplomacy, because obviously if Yemeni was in war with other
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countries, Bismarck maintained several of these alliances in secret, and the main objective of
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these alliances was to isolate France. France was the main rival, and remember that the French
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had lost this important industrialized region, and the main objective of Bismarck was to isolate
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France, to avoid the war between Prussia and France again. However, this network of alliances
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had a second objective. Bismarck had a second objective in mind. Also, Bismarck, as we
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have seen before, wanted to avoid the war against France, but also Bismarck was really, really
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interested in avoiding war against Russia. Why? Because if you pay attention to the map,
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Yemeni was in the middle of Europe, and Yemeni and Bismarck wanted to avoid a two-war front
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against France and also against Russia, because in case of a two-war front, Yemeni was
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in the middle, and they would lose this war against France and against Russia at the same time.
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So, for this reason, Bismarck made a proposal, and it was signed in 1881, the Treaty of the Three
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Emperors. It was true that the idea came from Bismarck, so Prussia, what is now
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Yemeni, promoted the treaty, and also Russia and the main ally of Yemeni, after the unification,
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the Strongerian Empire. The Strongerian Empire was created, if you remember, in 1867, and for
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this reason, the Strongerian Empire and Russia, they agreed with Bismarck, and finally, they
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signed the Treaty of the Three Emperors, because Yemeni at that time was very authoritarian,
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also Austria, and obviously, the Tsars in Russia, because they had an autocratic system, they were
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almost absolutists, despite giving the emancipation of the Tsevs in 1861. So, this is the situation,
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broadly speaking, in Europe. After the war against France, Bismarck and the rest of the
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countries in Europe managed to maintain one important period of peace, and this treaty was
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put in place, this important treaty, the Treaty of the Three Emperors, was put in place almost 20
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years. So, after being in force for almost 20 years, during which armed conflict between the
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major powers had been avoided, these alliances systems, this network of alliances finally
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failed. So, after being in place almost 20 years, this network of alliances finally failed.
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And I'm going to explain why. We are going to travel now to 1890. In 1890, Wilhelm I, the emperor
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in Germany, died, and he was replaced by Wilhelm II, and his young son had another idea about
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Germany. He was the grandson of Queen Victoria in England. He used to travel to the UK,
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together with his families, because there were many, many ties between, family ties, between
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the emperors in Germany and Queen Victoria in the UK. And when he was there, Wilhelm II basically
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had envy, he was jealous of the UK. He wanted to have the same empire as in the UK, and for this
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reason, he had other ideas comparing to Bismarck. Wilhelm II, when he came into power in 1890,
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he wanted to develop, he wanted to get an empire for Germany, and obviously Bismarck was against
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that, because he knew that if Germany broke the situation in Europe, Wilhelm II would provoke
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another war in Europe. Bismarck gave several advice to Wilhelm II in order to avoid the war,
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but Wilhelm II didn't pay attention to Bismarck, he was younger than Bismarck, and Bismarck was
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replaced as a chancellor in 1890. At that moment, Wilhelm II gave his confidence to General Molke,
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and General Molke was more in favor of war, he was in favor of creating an empire for Germany.
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As a consequence, there was a rivalry, a strong rivalry between the UK and also
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Yemeni, and I'm going to explain that in the second part of the class.
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Before that, I would like to explain how was the situation in Europe in 1890.
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In 1890, basically, France fears Yemeni, and Germany and Austria fear Russia. Russia at that
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moment was isolated for the reason they sucked, the Tsars sucked allies, they sucked allies.
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They sucked allies because Russia was completely isolated, and basically, the main reason of that
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was that, if you remember, that Russia had an autocracy system, they were close to absolutism.
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Absolutism. That's why Russia didn't have any allies. So, basically, this is the situation in
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Central Europe, and what happened at that time in Great Britain? What happened in the main
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island in Europe? Great Britain pleased if the balance of powers prevails, and it was true that
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they maintained the balance of power during the time of Bismarck. Bismarck controlled the situation
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from 1870 up to 1890, and Great Britain was happy with this situation. They were pleased with this
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situation because if Bismarck controlled the situation in Europe, they would have the chance
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to control its main empire overseas. And in the rest of the countries in the Mediterranean Sea,
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regrettably for them, it was true that they were strategically located, but they were really,
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really weak at that moment. In the case of Portugal, Spain, Italy, and also the Ottoman
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Empire, remember that the Ottoman Empire had a strong decline. So, after explaining the situation
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in Europe, now I'm going to explain the second period in the international relations from 1891
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up to the First World War. This period was called peace through strength because it was true
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that it was a period of peace, but anticipating the war, the European countries started to rearm.
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They rearmed. This situation led to an armed race because many, many countries in Europe, they
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mistrusted each other. They mistrusted each other because different countries in Europe were buying
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step by step more pieces of weaponry. So, I would say that from 1891 onwards, the countries
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spent vast amounts of money on manufacturing new weapons, building warships, and strengthening their
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armies, and they all prepared themselves for war, which could be started by any future conflict.
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And as a consequence of that, the countries in Europe made two important alliances.
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That's why this period was called peace through strength, because on the one hand, it was a period
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of peace, but anticipating war, the countries in Europe developed a situation of armed race, and they
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made two important military alliances. The first alliance was the Triple Alliance, when
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Yemeni and the Austro-Hungarian Empire made an alliance, and the Italians joined them,
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because also Yemeni and Austria wanted to control the Western Mediterranean Sea.
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As a consequence of that, also Great Britain and France made an alliance in 1904,
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and due to different tensions and crises in Morocco, because the Yemenis
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wanted to control Morocco, and obviously the French and the British were against that.
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As a result of this tension, of this crisis, Great Britain made an alliance in 1907,
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not only with France, but also with Russia. This alliance was called the Triple Entente,
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and what was the consequence of that? The consequence was that Yemeni was surrounded.
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They were surrounded by France, by Russia, and also by the United Kingdom, by the British.
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Later on, the assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, in Bosnia in 1914, triggered
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regrettably the First World War, but the true causes of war had been developing for decades.
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Thank you so much, it has been a pleasure.
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Thank you for your attention, and have a good day. Bye bye!
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- Autor/es:
- Luis Horrillo Sánchez
- Subido por:
- Luis H.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 141
- Fecha:
- 5 de enero de 2024 - 10:03
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 15′ 46″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.83:1
- Resolución:
- 3840x2100 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 50.71 MBytes
