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1.1. Introduction, Nobility and Clergy - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 20 de septiembre de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Let's begin with the first unit of the course. In this unit we will study, as you can read in the title, the crisis of the ancient regime. We are going to talk about the 18th century and the characteristics of the 18th century in Europe, mainly in Europe. 00:00:01
so let's see first the index and then we will we will start with introduction and 00:00:20
the characteristics of the society of the 18th century in Europe so let's 00:00:27
begin okay in this index what we are going to study in this unit first we are 00:00:33
going to have an introduction that that that introduction is going to be seen in 00:00:37
this in this video also we are going to study the stratified society and first 00:00:43
changes we are going to do we are going to study part of this point in this in 00:00:47
this video in third place we are going to study the economy in the 18th century 00:00:53
the political system in the 18th century the international relations this is 00:00:59
going to be really short is just to give the main characteristics then the 00:01:05
colonial empires we are going to talk about just a map with the different 00:01:09
colonial empires European colonial empires and we will explain them briefly 00:01:17
finally the cultural aspects the Enlightenment and also the art in the 00:01:22
18th century and at the end Spain in the 18th century so this is what we are 00:01:28
going to study in this unit and we are going to begin with the introduction so 00:01:33
the first thing is you need to understand what is the ancient regime 00:01:38
and if you check this definition you can see that is the main economic social and 00:01:41
political system in Europe between the 16th and 18th century. It means when we 00:01:46
talk about the ancient regime, the ancient regime is characterized by the 00:01:52
economic characteristics, the social characteristics and the political 00:01:57
characteristics of Europe in the 16th and 18th century. If you remember in the 00:02:02
first class, in the first introductory class, we talked about 00:02:07
how in the 18th century we are going to have an stratified society. It means a 00:02:12
society divided in different layers, you know, the king in the top, then the 00:02:17
nobles and the clergy, and finally the non-privileged people that are going to 00:02:23
be the peasants, are going to be the slaves or the bourgeoisie. And they, of 00:02:29
course, the nobles and the clergy are going to be the privileged. And if you 00:02:34
remember this type of society was closed it means you cannot move from one layer 00:02:38
to the other it means if I'm born as a peasant I'm going to be a person for the 00:02:42
rest of my life so the idea is this type for example this is a social structure 00:02:48
is a the is an unseen regime society okay it means the unseen regime is the 00:02:55
concept that is going to define the economy the society and the political 00:03:03
system in Europe between these 300 years the 16th and 18th century make sense so 00:03:09
the idea is if we talk about about the ancient regime we are talking about an 00:03:18
economic structure also a social structure and a political system that is 00:03:23
going to characterize Europe between these 300 years. So let's check the 00:03:29
characteristics. The economy of the ancient regime is going to be agrarian 00:03:34
and we are going to have the manorial system. Manorial system means a feudal 00:03:39
property of the land, which means a piece of land is controlled by a feudal lord 00:03:45
and the peasants that work in these feudal lands are going to be 00:03:51
controlled by the feudal lord or the nobel but it means these people that works these peasants that 00:03:57
work in the feudal land cannot leave the lands and they are going to be living there forever 00:04:06
and they are going to be controlled by the feudal lord forever not all the peasants are going to 00:04:12
work in a feudal property okay but part of them in the 18th century are working in a feudal property 00:04:19
It means a piece of land controlled by a feudal lord. So the idea is, if we talk about the Ancien Regime regarding to the economy, we are going to see that the basic activities are an agrarian economy and this manorial system. 00:04:27
also the guilds that they are going to control the manufacture process 00:04:42
we talk about this in the introductory class 00:04:48
remember the guilds, the guilds that they are these associations of artisans 00:04:51
so the thing is if we think of ancient regime you must be taking into consideration that in the economy 00:05:01
The economy is going to be agrarian and the guilds, these associations, are going to control this manufacture process. 00:05:10
So if we talk about the society, as I explained before, it's a stratified society. It means nobility, clergy and ordinary people. 00:05:18
Remember, bourgeoisie, peasants and slaves. So that's the idea. 00:05:27
If we talk about the ancient regime, we are talking about these three characteristics. 00:05:32
okay we talk about a ordinary people okay that is supporting the clergy and the nobles 00:05:37
remember nobility and clergy are privileged they do not pay taxes and their richness or wealthiness 00:05:47
came from these ordinary people this is a french drawing representing that how these privileged 00:05:54
people, clergy and nobility are taking advantage of the ordinary people in order to be rich, 00:06:06
in order to survive, in order to control the society. Finally, the political system is going 00:06:14
to be the absolute monarchy. So what I want to make clear is that if we talk about the ancient 00:06:21
regime, we are talking about this type of economy, this type of society and this type of political 00:06:28
system okay the ancient regime is this this system characterized by an agrarian 00:06:35
economy and guilds in the economic area and stratified society in the social 00:06:41
area or matters and the absolute monarchy in the political as the 00:06:47
political system so this is the introduction this is what you need to 00:06:53
keep in mind because this is the basis for this unit now what we are going to 00:06:57
do is first study the this stratified society then we will study the economy 00:07:02
the characteristics of the economy and finally the political system so if we 00:07:09
talk about ancient regime we are talking about this let's begin with the 00:07:16
stratified society before we talk about the characteristics of this stratified 00:07:20
society we need to have in mind some social and economic concepts you do not 00:07:26
need to know these social and economic concepts it means I'm not going to ask 00:07:33
you in the exam for this social and economic concepts however you must keep 00:07:38
them in mind in order to understand them it means you know to know them okay you 00:07:45
need to know them but you don't need to memorize them because you are not going 00:07:50
to ask for this in the exam so let's check this social and economic concepts 00:07:56
that they are important in order to understand the society in the 18th century 00:08:03
so let's check the first is the geographical distribution of the 00:08:11
population we know the population is going to be distributed in two areas the 00:08:16
rural areas and the urban areas so we are going to find people living in the 00:08:22
rural areas and people living in the urban areas like nowadays okay we live 00:08:27
in rural areas or urban areas nowadays most of the people live in urban areas 00:08:33
and a few in the rural areas however in this ancient regime okay most of the people lives 00:08:38
in rural areas and a few in the urban areas three main economic activities we know agriculture and 00:08:47
livestock that is going to be developed in these rural areas the manufacturer production that is 00:08:56
going to take place in the urban areas and finally the trade that is going to take place between 00:09:02
the rural and urban areas or between different countries the other point the 00:09:10
other ideas you need to keep in mind is this the different social groups are 00:09:19
going to live in different places in these two areas we are going to find of 00:09:24
course living in the rural areas the peasants okay sorry the peasants and the 00:09:29
lower nobility and clergy living there and the high nobility and clergy and 00:09:35
also the bourgeoisie living in the urban areas so it's important to keep this in 00:09:41
mind if we are thinking of urban areas okay bourgeoisie high nobility high 00:09:47
clergy in the rural areas of course the peasants poor and the lower nobility and 00:09:52
clergy that they are they are poor too they could be poor too okay the last 00:09:57
thing you need to keep in mind is the geographical administration to 00:10:07
administrate something is to organize something so what we are going to say is 00:10:11
that the cities are organizing the rural areas surrounding the city for example 00:10:18
if we think of Rivas Bacia Madrid Rivas Bacia Madrid is not only the different 00:10:25
houses inside Rivas but also these rural areas surrounding Rivas for example the 00:10:32
Cortados de Laguna del Campillo are not urban areas those are rural areas but 00:10:40
they are administrate they are organized by the city of Rivas Bacia Madrid also 00:10:46
these cities are organizing or administrating okay other areas bigger 00:10:57
areas for example a capital city okay could be the capital city of a city of a 00:11:07
country or the capital city of a region so it means the city is organizing or 00:11:15
administrating the country the whole country the capital city of the country 00:11:23
it means Madrid for Spain or for example the capital city of a province is 00:11:27
organizing the province for example Salamanca city the city of Salamanca is 00:11:35
organizing on administrating the province of Salamanca so it means the 00:11:41
cities are administrating the rural areas and they are also administrating 00:11:48
the regions or the countries or as you have written here the empires kingdoms 00:11:54
counties, duchies, etc. Condados, ducados, reinos o imperios. What does it mean? 00:12:01
That if the capital cities are administrating the country or the 00:12:09
region or whatever, who is controlling the city? The high 00:12:16
nobility and clergy and the bourgeoisie. So it means the people ruling, 00:12:22
administrating the country the region etc are those that live in the urban 00:12:28
areas that are high nobility and clergy and the bourgeoisie make sense so these 00:12:35
are the concepts you need to keep in mind in order to understand the whole 00:12:44
unit okay the this unit of the 18th century this distribution the three main 00:12:47
activities and where these activities take place, who is living in these areas, 00:12:55
the social groups that they live in the different areas, and finally the 00:13:00
administration, who is administrating the areas, the rural areas near to the 00:13:05
cities. The cities and also the capital cities they administrate the country or 00:13:10
the regions that compose that country. So let's start with the stratified society. 00:13:15
let's go to study the stratified society first this stratified society is going to have an 00:13:24
inequality have social inequality okay we are going to find rich people and poor people but 00:13:30
also we are going to fight privileged people and non-privileged people that means that we have a 00:13:37
social inequality but this social inequality is based on the social background it means if you 00:13:43
a peasant you are going to be poor probably and you are going to be a 00:13:50
peasant for your whole life. So this social inequality is going to remain 00:13:54
your whole life. Make sense? So the idea is this social inequality is going to 00:13:58
last your whole life and is based on this, the social background. 00:14:05
It means your social position, if you are a peasant and you are going to be a 00:14:09
peasant forever, you are going to suffer the social inequality. Also if you are a 00:14:14
a noble you are going to be a noble forever so that inequality to have privileges in comparison 00:14:19
with the peasants is going to remain forever second it is going to be a closed society okay 00:14:26
you cannot change the layer you have been born in okay if you are born as a person you are going to 00:14:34
be a person forever if you are born as a slave you are going to be a slave forever if you are 00:14:42
born as a noble you are going to be a noble forever that is why we call this 00:14:48
society as a closed society okay these are the characteristics of the 00:14:53
ancient regime society remember that okay do not forget that we are talking 00:14:58
about the ancient regime so let's continue a new social class is going to 00:15:02
appear that is going to be the bourgeoisie and this bourgeoisie that 00:15:08
they are not privileged they are not privileged they have no privileges they 00:15:12
want to change the social situation they want to change the social situation 00:15:17
during the 18th century and they are going to change the social situation 00:15:22
through the French Revolution in France at least okay so the idea is we are 00:15:28
going to have a new social class that is the bourgeoisie okay and this bourgeoisie 00:15:38
that they are not privileged they have no privileges they want to have 00:15:43
privileges so they want to change their social situation and they are going to 00:15:47
change it through revolutions and one of them is the French Revolution we will 00:15:53
study it in the next unit so what else this is stratified society is going to 00:15:59
be divided into three groups you know these groups ability the clergy are the 00:16:06
bourgeoisie oh sorry the bourgeoisie the ordinary people and inside the ordinary 00:16:10
people we have the peasants the artisans the bourgeoisie you can change you can 00:16:15
check the percentage of population that compose each group if you check the 98 00:16:20
percent of the of the population is the ordinary people the 0.5 or 0.5 percent of 00:16:27
the whole population are going to be clergy and 1.5 are going to be nobility 00:16:35
so as you can check we see a social inequality based on privileges these are 00:16:41
going to be the privileged groups and these are going to be the unprivileged 00:16:48
people or the people with no privileges so it means the vast majority of the 00:16:52
population in the 18th century has no privileges or had no privileges and 00:16:58
really or extremely tiny minority are going to have privilege privileges okay 00:17:04
so 2% of the population has privileges 98 percentage of the population has no 00:17:15
privileges so that's why the social inequality is going to be that extreme 00:17:22
okay it's really big so let's study now what you see here that when we are 00:17:26
talking about this ancient regime society, we have this social structure 00:17:34
that is close to a feudal society, the king and the queen in the top, then the 00:17:40
high nobility and high clergy, also we will have here the low nobility and 00:17:45
lower clergy, and then what we have here is 00:17:49
peasants and artisans and we should add here the bourgeoisie. So privileged 00:17:57
people, non-privileged people. Okay? So when we talk about the ancient 00:18:04
regime society we have this feudal structure but we need to add here the 00:18:12
lower nobility and lower clergy and here the bourgeoisie along with the peasants. 00:18:17
Okay? So let's study the groups. In this video we are going to study only the 00:18:22
nobility and the clergy and that's it and we finish with this. So let's see the 00:18:30
characteristics of the nobility and the clergy first you are they you are going 00:18:35
to belong or people belong to these groups due to from birth or royal 00:18:40
concession it means you can you are going to be a noble because you were 00:18:46
born in a noble family or also if you I don't know if you if you did 00:18:50
something for the king okay the king can compensate your effort with a royal 00:18:58
concession imagine you are I don't know a banker and you are giving money to the 00:19:07
novel to the king in order to to fight in a war and the king is going to win 00:19:15
the war due to your money so the king is going to say okay you that this are part 00:19:21
of the bourgeoisie that you are not privileged okay that you have no 00:19:26
privileges I'm going to give you a title nobility and you are going to be now a 00:19:29
noble make sense so the idea is you can be a 00:19:36
noble most of them from birth it means because you were born in a noble family 00:19:40
or you can be a noble because of a royal concession the king gives you the title 00:19:46
ability second remember they are privileged people so they do not pay 00:19:52
taxes you know that they cannot be torture also okay and they are going to 00:19:58
live due to the rents produced by their lands it means the the money or the 00:20:04
agrarian products produced by their lands are going to be the capital that 00:20:12
they are going to have it means they are going to survive or the money they are 00:20:18
going to acquire is extracted by or is gained by these lands what they are 00:20:22
producing with the lands okay so it means if the lands are is producing 00:20:29
different I don't know agrarian crops so they are going to sell these crops and 00:20:35
they are going to send money in exchange of it okay or the peasants that they are 00:20:40
going to be working the lands they can pay with money for working these lands 00:20:47
to the nobles so it means the wealthiness the money that these 00:20:53
nobility and clergy are obtaining came from the lands that they have in 00:20:59
property okay their properties are the lands and these lands are giving money 00:21:03
to the nobles if you do not understand this just let me know in class but the 00:21:11
idea is just the nobles and clergy are going to obtain their money their 00:21:17
richness their wealthiness from these lands so they are going to hold high 00:21:21
spots okay in the state administration in the church and the army it means a 00:21:29
general in the army or a commander in the army means to be noble they 00:21:33
are going to be noble or they are going to be part of the high clergy could be 00:21:39
okay and most of them are not clergy but they could happen second they are going 00:21:42
to hold the highest position in the church it means to be a bishop, archbishop 00:21:49
etc okay so the elite of the church are going to be a part of the high 00:21:54
clergy and finally they are going to have a state administration 00:22:04
spots in the state administration it means they are going to be part of the council of the king 00:22:09
okay it means those people that they are going to advise the king or they can hold positions like 00:22:14
ambassadors they they can be collecting taxes etc so they are going to have spots the highest 00:22:23
spots in the state administration for example the prime minister okay if the king is going to name 00:22:31
someone that is going to make political decisions is going to be a noble vale so 00:22:36
the problem is even we are talking about a group nobility and clergy that they 00:22:44
are privileged people that they are part of the same social class we are going to 00:22:49
see that is a heterogeneous group we are going to find high clarity a high 00:22:56
nobility and lower clergy a noble nobility so let's talk about the nobility we have the upper 00:23:02
nobility that they were rich and they have huge properties so they are the richest nobility okay 00:23:08
and also we are going to have a lower nobility and hidalgos that they could be working their own 00:23:17
lands because they were not rich so when we talk about the nobility we can have this nobility that 00:23:22
is not rich it could be poor or not but they work their own lands with their own 00:23:28
hands while the upper nobility they are rich okay and they have huge properties 00:23:34
it means properties that they are going to be worked by peasants not by them okay 00:23:42
so upper nobility means rich nobility having huge properties and lower 00:23:48
nobility or Hidalgo's they are going to work their own lands probably and they 00:23:53
are not going to be rich okay nowadays we have people that they are nobles for 00:23:57
example Juan Carlos I the old king of Spain was king of Spain of 00:24:04
Castilla Leon of Aragon that all these titles of nobility also he has all this 00:24:09
title of nobility in Spain Grand Maestro de la Orden del Tuición de Oro 00:24:17
Grand Maestro de la Orden de Carlos III etc okay or all these titles as you can see 00:24:20
those are titles of nobility. Or, for example, a politician, Esperanza Aguirre, she was the 00:24:27
president of the Comunidad de Madrid, she is Condesa Consorte de Bornos y Condosa Consorte 00:24:37
de Murillo, ¿vale? Y Grande de España. All of these are titles of nobility. Consorte 00:24:43
means that she is Condesa due to be married to the Count of Murillo and the Count of Bornos 00:24:51
it means her husband is the Count of Murillo and the Count of Bornos so as she got married 00:25:03
with the Count of Murillo and the Count of Bornos now she is the Condesa de Consorte 00:25:13
of Bornos and Condesa Consorte de Murillo, and also Grande de España. 00:25:19
So she has titles of nobility. 00:25:24
So let's see the last part, and it's the clergy. 00:25:29
We are going to talk about the clergy and we are going to have the high clergy, okay? 00:25:32
It means cardinals, archbishops, bishops, abbots, okay? 00:25:35
Check on the net what is to be a cardinal, archbishop, bishop, and abbot. 00:25:40
If you have any question, ask me in class, okay? 00:25:44
The thing is this high clergy belong to the nobility and they were rich, this is the important 00:25:49
thing. 00:25:56
They were rich and they were managing, controlling, administrating the church patrimony. 00:25:57
It means they are administrating for example the cathedrals, they are managing or they 00:26:02
are administrating the money of the institution of the church and of course they had an important 00:26:09
strong political and social power okay they have this social influence and they 00:26:17
have an important political influence in the King and other novels because they 00:26:24
are the high clergy in the other part we have the lower 00:26:29
clergy we are talking about rural priests and the regular clergy it means 00:26:33
those clergies that they belong to a they belong to a to a religious order 00:26:38
okay it's not the same to be a priest than to be part of the regular clergy a 00:26:48
priest means you are a kura or kurita kuramas nada mas vale un cura that is is 00:26:53
poor okay you are you are going they are going to live in poverty okay and they 00:26:59
are their superiors are the cardinals or archbishops or bishops okay but the 00:27:05
rural clergy they are going to be also poor but it is declared or regular they 00:27:11
are going to be also poor they are going to belong to an order and to belong to 00:27:15
an order means that they are going to have special rules to follow for 00:27:20
example the rule of poverty or the rule of obedience to the Pope etc 00:27:25
The idea, for it to be clear, is a rural priest, a rural parish, which means that he is poor but lives in a rural environment, and his superiors are these. 00:27:31
While the regular clergy form an ecclesiastical order, an order with some votes, with some specific norms that the rural priests do not have. 00:27:42
And we call the regular clergy monks and friars. 00:28:01
and friars okay most of them they are going to live in poverty and they usually came from the 00:28:06
lower nobility class or the ordinary people group most of them they came from the lower nobility 00:28:12
a minority came from the ordinary people group okay so that's it we are we have talked about 00:28:19
the nobility and the clergy in the 18th century and i need to talk about one person this 00:28:28
This is the Cardinal Richelieu 00:28:34
Cardinal Richelieu is going to be the Prime Minister of Louis XIV 00:28:37
So Louis XIV of France 00:28:44
Louis XIV of France 00:28:46
Named as Prime Minister, that is, Prime Minister, President of the Government 00:28:48
Sorry, he named, Louis XIV, named as Prime Minister a Cardinal 00:28:53
So Louis XIV named as Prime Minister a Cardinal 00:29:02
so you can see how the cardinals the high clarity had a strong political and social power 00:29:07
and that would be it the nobility and the clergy 00:29:16
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
RUBÉN PEINADO GONZÁLEZ
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
165
Fecha:
20 de septiembre de 2020 - 15:05
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
29′ 22″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
138.17 MBytes

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