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2º ESO/SUPERBLOCKS IN BARCELONA - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 12 de marzo de 2021 por Alicia M.

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If you imagine a typical American city street and you take away the space that's dedicated to cars, you aren't left with very much. 00:00:01
There are some narrow walkways on the side and some bridges in between them, but not much else. 00:00:09
Cars dominate cities. 00:00:14
Spend some time walking around most cities and you'll find yourself pushed to narrow sidewalks, waiting for crosswalk lights. 00:00:15
You'll find cyclists navigating really narrow strips of space. 00:00:20
Americans are used to cars the way that fish are used to water. 00:00:23
And that's so ubiquitous in the U.S. that I think most people, it just never occurs to them that it could be otherwise. 00:00:28
But what if there were a way to change that? 00:00:35
To give space back to pedestrians and bicyclists and to make cities more friendly to life outside of a car? 00:00:36
It turns out Barcelona might have a solution. 00:00:42
In 2014, the city was faced with serious air pollution problems. 00:00:47
Barcelona and its 35 surrounding municipalities consistently failed to meet the EU's air quality targets. 00:00:51
And studies were showing that air pollution in the region was causing 3,500 premature deaths every year. 00:00:56
Traffic in the city also causes severe noise pollution. 00:01:02
So the city developed an extensive urban mobility plan with the hope of reducing traffic by 21%. 00:01:05
The coolest part of the plan were these things. 00:01:11
They call them superillas. 00:01:15
Superillas? 00:01:17
Sí, superillas. 00:01:18
That translates to superblocks. It's this urban design concept intended to minimize the presence 00:01:19
of cars in city centers. The word superblock has been used before to describe huge city blocks 00:01:24
without any passageways for cars, but that's not what's happening here. So here's how Barcelona's 00:01:29
plan works. You take nine square city blocks and you close off the inside to through traffic. So 00:01:34
buses and big freight trucks or any vehicles that are trying to get from one part of town to the 00:01:39
Next, have to drive around the perimeter. 00:01:45
Inside the Superblock, the speed limit is kept 00:01:47
to 10 kilometers per hour. 00:01:49
That translates to just over six miles per hour. 00:01:50
And curbside parking is replaced by underground parking. 00:01:53
And that means you wind up with street space 00:01:56
for markets and outdoor games and events. 00:01:57
Within this nine square block perimeter, 00:02:00
you're gonna have kind of a pleasant streetscape 00:02:02
where people can walk around and mingle and do things 00:02:05
without this kind of constant fear of cars around. 00:02:09
The concept is going to be tested out in five neighborhoods, but the city has identified 00:02:13
120 possible intersections throughout the region where it could be implemented. 00:02:17
So how do we know what the results of this kind of plan would look like? 00:02:22
Well, northwest of Barcelona is a city called Vitoria Gasteiz, which has implemented superblock 00:02:24
designs since 2008. 00:02:29
In the main superblock at the city center, pedestrian space increased from 45% of the 00:02:31
total surface area to 74%. 00:02:35
With so much less traffic, noise levels dropped from 66.5 decibels to 61 decibels. 00:02:38
Most impressive of all, there was a 42% reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions and a 38% reduction in particle pollution in the area. 00:02:43
And on top of that, business is up. 00:02:50
What you consistently see when people change their streetscapes to prioritize human beings over cars is you don't see any decline in economic activity. 00:02:52
You see the opposite. 00:03:02
You get more people walking and cycling around more slowly, stopping more often, patronizing businesses more. 00:03:03
And that kind of sort of that social, that center of social activity will tend to build on itself. 00:03:10
So here's the question. Could something like this work in an American city? 00:03:16
Barcelona has some unique advantages getting started on this plan in that a lot of it was built before cars and a lot of it was built on a simple grid. 00:03:20
The district of Eixample, which is where the superblock plan is based, was designed in 1859 in this repetitive grid structure by this guy. 00:03:31
Ildefons Serda. He basically invented the word for and the study of urbanization when he laid 00:03:40
out this grid plan for Barcelona that evenly distributed resources like schools and hospitals. 00:03:45
But superblock designers insist that cities don't need a simple grid structure to implement this 00:03:50
kind of plan. It can work anywhere. Now, cities in the US have attempted some car minimizing 00:03:55
projects like this. The problem is they're usually done in wealthier areas with lots of existing 00:04:00
businesses. Zoning policies often require separation of residential areas and commercial 00:04:05
areas, but an ideal walkable area would be a mix of the two. On top of that, zoning minimums on 00:04:10
parking availability encourage the presence of cars and parking lots, and minimums on street 00:04:16
width make for really wide, unwalkable streets. And because of that, walkable districts are 00:04:21
basically isolated luxury items in the U.S. What makes the Barcelona plan different is that they 00:04:26
aren't setting aside one fancy neighborhood or town square to make pedestrian friendly. Instead, 00:04:31
by proposing super blocks throughout the entire city, they've declared car-free spaces a right 00:04:36
for everybody, no matter what part of town they're in. Maybe this might be overly optimistic, but I 00:04:41
think it's sunk in in the U.S. that the model whereby every city resident comes with a car 00:04:47
and drives a car everywhere is just inherently limited. It limits the growth of your city. It 00:04:54
limits the health of your city and the growth of your city. 00:04:59
So one way or another, we have to find ways 00:05:02
of having a lot of people live close to one another 00:05:05
without all of them having cars. 00:05:09
You're being able to get around and work and play and live 00:05:11
and have enjoyable lives without cars. 00:05:14
And today, this is how the American road looks. 00:05:17
Subido por:
Alicia M.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
172
Fecha:
12 de marzo de 2021 - 20:04
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES LA SENDA
Duración:
05′ 31″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1920x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
146.53 MBytes

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