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Research on underwater mud volcanoes
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One of the subjects being explored by HERMES is mud volcanoes, and more specifically underwater mud volcanoes. Mud volcanoes are cone-shaped formations of sediment, of variable size. They are composed of a mixture of fluids (generally water and gases) and mud (undercompacted clay), which flow from one or more vent holes in the middle of the crater. During an eruption, mud volcanoes emit large amounts of methane. Mud volcanoes are found on land and underwater. The latter are the subject of this new report for television stations. Indeed, researchers are studying the impact on climate change of the gases emitted by these volcanoes. They have discovered that the immediate surroundings of these volcanoes are constituted of micro-organisms, of which 99% are still unidentified today, and some of which feed on methane, hydrogen sulphide and other gases, preventing them from being released into the sea and consequently rising to the surface.
A stormy morning off the Greek island of Crete, the German research vessel Meteor is returning
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after three intensive weeks in the Mediterranean Sea. On board, around 30 European scientists,
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including Italian geophysicist Silvia Cermicola. She's greeted by her colleague Daniel Craig.
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They work at Italy's National Institute of Oceanography in Trieste, OGS for short. Both
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share a common passion, underwater mud volcanoes. Silvia's best friend on board has been this
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underwater vehicle, able to reach depths of 4,000 metres. During the three weeks, all
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sorts of marine species have posed in front of its seven digital cameras.
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For Silvia, the most precious footage was this bare sea floor. The mounds are a volcano
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made of mud. Unlike the more usual hot volcanoes, mud ones are mainly formed by the release
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of cold gases, fluids and sediment from the Earth's shallow depths. It's only recently
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that European scientists have turned their attention to them, using multi-beam sonars,
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video and sedimentary rocks taken from the sea floor.
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The volcanoes are on the surface of an underwater basin which has several kilometres of sediment
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lying on base rock. If we're able to understand at what depth this rock came from before being
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thrown out by the volcano, then we'll be able to estimate the size of it. We also want to
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know if the spewing out of this sedimentary material has been cyclical on a regular basis
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or if it was only once.
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Silvia and her team discovered these two volcanoes last year.
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- Idioma/s:
- Niveles educativos:
- ▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
- Nivel Intermedio
- Autor/es:
- The European Union
- Subido por:
- EducaMadrid
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
- Visualizaciones:
- 1325
- Fecha:
- 7 de agosto de 2007 - 12:00
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Enlace Relacionado:
- European Commission
- Duración:
- 01′ 55″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
- Resolución:
- 448x336 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 9.74 MBytes
