Amadeo
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In the 19th century, Spain was going through a period of political and social instability.
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The country had experienced a series of internal conflicts, including the Carlist wars between
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conservatives and liberalists that fought for the Spanish throne, and the revolution
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of 1868 that overthrew Queen Isabel II, established a provisional government, and marked the start
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of a period known as el sexenio democrático, in which the country was modernized through
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political, economic, and social reforms.
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During these years, different political factions were formed and regional tensions emerged.
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Moreover, the country faced economic and military changes, which led to uncertainty about Spain's
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future.
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In this context, the need for a profound political and social reform that allowed Spain to get
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out of its stagnation became obvious.
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Amadeo I de Savoia was an Italian king who brutally reigned in Spain from 1871 to 1873.
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When he first arrived in Spain, he attended the Basilica of Atocha to pray for the death
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of General Prim, his main supporter, who had been assassinated.
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This already made the start of his reign difficult because he had very few people on his side.
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During his reign, a combination of factors contributed to political and social instability.
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Firstly, he faced opposition from various political groups who were unsatisfied with
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his government and wanted to restore the republic.
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There were regional conflicts and internal tensions, such as the nationalist rising in
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several Spanish cities.
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Furthermore, Amadeo I struggled with the country's economic problems.
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This generated discontent and mistrust among the population.
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Also, some European powers, such as France and Prussia, showed little support towards
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his reign, weakening his position and increasing the difficulties of governing.
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With the combination of challenges and pressures, Amadeo I made the decision to abdicate in
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February 1873, acknowledging that he could not maintain stability and order in the country.
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Although his reign was short, he is recognized for his attempt to bring stability and progress
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to Spain during a time of crisis.
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His abdication ultimately led to the end of the monarchy in Spain and the establishment
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of the first Spanish Republic.
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In February 1873, elections were called for the formation of a new government.
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These elections resulted in the creation of a coalition of the Republican and Democratic
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parties, which achieved an overwhelming victory at the polls.
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On February 11, 1873, the first Spanish Republic was proclaimed, with Stanislao Figueras as
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the President of the Republic.
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Later on, three other presidents were named, Francisco P. I. Margal, who ruled from June
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11 to July 18, Nicolás Sanmerón from July 18 to September 6, and Emilio Castellari Ripoll
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from September 7 to January 3.
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During the First Republic, many important political and social reforms were carried
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out, which had as the main aim modernizing the country and ending with the politics of
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the Ancien Regime.
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These new reforms included the establishment of a new constitution that recognized political
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and social rights, such as freedom of association, press and worship.
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In addition, special courts and religious orders were abolished.
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A new, more efficient and less corrupt public administration was created.
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The land was redistributed between the peasants, however, this didn't work out because of
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the owners' deposition and the lack of resources.
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The education system was modernized.
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Public non-religious schools were created and teachers received proper training.
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There were attempts made to modernize the army by eliminating the figure of the Captain
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General and the creation of a national militia, as well as the end of the Iron Discipline
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and the military hierarchies.
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But these reforms also failed.
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The First Spanish Republic had a very short duration, barely a year, and was marked by
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its political instability and internal and external conflicts.
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In January 1874, the General Manuel Pavia carried out a coup that led to the proclamation
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of a provisional government that ultimately led to the return to power of the monarchy
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and the Bourbonic Restoration with Alfonso XII as king.
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The aim of the restoration was to create a new political system to ensure the stability
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of the country.
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On 29 December 1874, General Asencio Martínez Campos staged a coup d'état proclaiming
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his support for Alfonso XII, Isabel's second son, as king of Spain.
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In a place near Sahunto called Las Alquerietas, Martínez Campos gave a brief speech to his
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soldiers and proclaimed Alfonso XII the Bourbon king of Spain, in the name of the army and
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of the nation.
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This act marked the beginning of the restoration of the Bourbons to the Spanish throne, putting
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an end to the instability of the country.
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This monarchy period ended on 14 April of 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish
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Republic.
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The First Republic left an important legacy in the fight for individual and collective
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social rights, the promotion of republicanism and democracy, and citizen participation in
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the political life of the country.
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Furthermore, it is considered as a period of reforms and conflicts that tried to modernize
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the country and end the remains of the ancient regime.
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- Subido por:
- Maria Eugenia E.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento
- Visualizaciones:
- 4
- Fecha:
- 17 de noviembre de 2023 - 20:48
- Visibilidad:
- Clave
- Centro:
- IES ALDEBARAN
- Duración:
- 05′ 35″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 798.87 MBytes
