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Pixel Qi screen in Mary Lou Jepsen's Lab

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Subido el 18 de junio de 2009 por EducaMadrid

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Mary Lou Jepsen, CTO and inventor of the Pixel Qi technology, explains more of how the Pixel Qi 3Qi screen works, shows us a bit of how she works with her screen technology in her home lab, tells how power consumption can be saved further with a few motherboard modifications to behave like the OLPC laptop (turning off processor and motherboard when not needed) and more.

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So we're right here in your home lab. Is that what it is? 00:00:00
Slash laundry room. 00:00:05
Yeah. 00:00:07
Yeah, as we were switching offices, we just moved offices, 00:00:08
I set up a little space to test the angular performance of our liquid crystal mode 00:00:11
put back onto the OLPC screen. 00:00:18
So this is a split screen with the usual liquid crystal mode, 00:00:20
and we hacked some of the films and things in the OLPC laptop to improve its performance. 00:00:24
And we basically more than doubled the throughput with that. 00:00:31
So before it took about a watt to get to about 80 nits, 00:00:37
and now with that one watt we're almost at 200 nits. 00:00:41
Nits is a unit of brightness. 00:00:45
Sorry, it's not the best name for a unit, but it refers to how bright something is. 00:00:47
So we've more than doubled the brightness of the OLPC screen. 00:00:53
So we've shown that to Nicholas and John Wadlington and a bunch of the other team that was here last week. 00:00:56
And they totally wanted an X01.5, no? 00:01:04
Maybe. They're figuring it out. 00:01:06
As you know, one of them was in the hospital last week, so they're sort of working through it. 00:01:08
But we're happy. I think we're going to be there in the middle of June to show them some more stuff 00:01:13
to figure out what we do to support OLPC from Pixel 2. 00:01:17
So what are you doing right there? Is that a laser? 00:01:22
Yeah, that's a laser. I was just measuring the angular performance of it, 00:01:25
and then I sort of got this really bright light here. 00:01:29
I'm having trouble getting this through. 00:01:34
This is like 2 million nits, but this is off right now, so I'm not so useful. 00:01:37
I guess we can plug it in, but I should. 00:01:43
I don't know. This is just a very simple lab. We've got a much better lab. 00:01:47
We can invite you to our lab in California sometime. 00:01:51
Or better, the lab of our manufacturing partner, which is unbelievable. 00:01:54
But they let people in with machines that can record stuff? 00:01:59
Not usually. I spent my Memorial Day weekend in one of the best LCD labs in the world, 00:02:04
basically fine-tuning our screen. It was fantastic, and all dressed up in a bunny suit. 00:02:13
Is it better than Google? They have better canteens? 00:02:18
Google has pretty good food, but I think that there's better toys at some of the LCD manufacturing houses 00:02:22
because they concentrate on hardware. 00:02:30
They have a machine that just peels films off of huge LCD screens. 00:02:33
Lots and lots of screens, just an example. 00:02:42
I never knew there was such a thing as a peeling machine, but there is, and I've used it. 00:02:45
What are you planning for XO2? 00:02:49
XO2? I don't know. We are playing a support role to One Laptop per Child. 00:02:54
We're trying to figure out how we can help them with what we're doing. 00:03:00
The idea that we had is basically OLPC was not in the business of supplying components to the IT industry, 00:03:04
but as the netbook revolution was happening, it occurred to me that the best way I could help OLPC 00:03:12
was by going out and making components to supply to the IT industry. 00:03:18
Better screens that everybody could use, because if you can make more of something, 00:03:24
you can make it cheaper and everybody can benefit. 00:03:28
So not just the bottom of the pyramid, but the whole pyramid. 00:03:30
The cool thing about the Pixel-T technology is poor kids in Africa got it first. 00:03:33
It's a classic innovator's dilemma. 00:03:39
Clayton Christensen, a professor at Harvard, wrote a book about a decade ago saying, 00:03:41
really, it's amazing, the quality level of a technology increases over time 00:03:45
to the point where people can't even tell, see, or perceive that quality level. 00:03:51
And then a new technology comes along with theoretically lower quality, but new functionality. 00:03:56
Like being able to see it outside, like higher resolution for reading, like what we did for OLPC. 00:04:02
So the screens that we now have, these 3G screens, actually have totally gone beyond the OLPC technology. 00:04:08
So there's none of the OLPC technology actually left in the screens. 00:04:16
But nonetheless, that was sort of the first step. 00:04:19
And it seems that now there's sort of this commercial-grade quality. 00:04:24
People want them, and do you really need a screen with a million-to-one contrast ratio 00:04:29
or 120% color saturation? 00:04:35
Shouldn't 100% color saturation be enough? 00:04:40
Things like that. 00:04:43
Maybe there's this collective madness, especially in a laptop screen. 00:04:45
You could even see for a large area HDTV screen. 00:04:48
But what we've done as an industry is essentially taken these big screens 00:04:52
and squished them back down and put them on our laptop and say, wow, you can watch movies on them. 00:04:56
Well, that's great, and we can watch movies using the 3G screen too, as we showed. 00:05:00
But what a lot of us do on our laptop screens is read. 00:05:05
We read email, we respond to email, we read blogs, we read websites, we read. 00:05:10
Why not make a screen that's also good for reading, that you can use indoors and out in any lighting condition? 00:05:16
And so we focused on that, and that really started. 00:05:23
It is, we hope, this innovator's dilemma. 00:05:27
And do you think that the screen should be the main part of the laptop 00:05:30
and perhaps the processor is getting a smaller role? 00:05:36
Well, yeah, that's the thing. 00:05:39
Do we really need a gazillion gigahertz and a gazillion gigs of RAM? 00:05:41
Or is it okay just to have a simple machine where you can read and respond to your email, 00:05:48
download videos, watch videos, go to the website? 00:05:54
I mean, if you're crunching scientific calculations, that's one thing. 00:05:57
But most of us want something that's light, that we can carry around, that's rugged, 00:06:01
the batteries last a long time, we can see indoors and out and things like that. 00:06:06
So we've focused on that. 00:06:10
By not fighting the sun, you save a lot of power, right? 00:06:12
And in addition, one of our goals is to try to get laptop and device makers 00:06:16
to undertake the kind of architecture we undertook at One Laptop per Child, 00:06:22
which was leaving the screen on and the Wi-Fi on with the motherboard off momentarily, 00:06:27
so the sort of fast suspend-resume architecture. 00:06:33
We know how to do that. 00:06:37
We shipped about a million of them in very rough numbers from One Laptop per Child, 00:06:39
but still getting the industry to sort of embrace that. 00:06:43
Hopefully next year. 00:06:46
I mean, this year, it's really, given the carnage of the economic crisis, 00:06:48
some of the industry is a bit, understandably, risk-averse. 00:06:54
And so we'll sort of be able to fold that in, we hope, next year. 00:06:58
But for this year, at least we can get the screens into existing, 00:07:01
essentially existing notebook architectures and get them to people this fall. 00:07:05
So we thought speed was important. 00:07:12
So to do, is that what you call DECON, the DECON process? 00:07:14
Oh, it's similar to the DECON, yeah, where you've got some memory. 00:07:17
Also, we're slowing down the liquid crystal mode, hopefully next year. 00:07:20
There's a lot of work that shows that you can slow it down to 15 hertz. 00:07:23
Even there were some papers at this SID conference showing 1 hertz. 00:07:26
See, there's an issue usually with the lifetime of the liquid crystal molecules, 00:07:31
if you don't flip them. 00:07:35
One of the problems with an LCD molecule is, I'm looking for a, sorry, 00:07:37
this is a piece of normal PC thing. 00:07:42
One is a slight anode, the other is a slight cathode. 00:07:44
And so they reorient in an applied field. 00:07:47
But they need a constant AC charge across them. 00:07:49
And if you don't do that, basically little bits of the liquid crystal molecule 00:07:53
fall off into the alignment layers, and the liquid crystal becomes liquid, 00:07:59
a much stronger liquid crystal, and it goes black, 00:08:04
if you don't flip them quickly enough over time. 00:08:07
And so that's why most liquid crystal displays are updated at 30 or 60 hertz, 00:08:10
which we can do with ours. 00:08:16
But we're working on research to lower that to 15 hertz and even lower. 00:08:18
And there's some research suggesting much lower. 00:08:22
Indeed, there are so-called bistable liquid crystal modes right now 00:08:25
that is also something in our roadmap over time. 00:08:29
So if you lower the hertz by half, it saves the battery half? 00:08:32
That's right. 00:08:36
And if you lower the voltage by half, it saves four times the energy 00:08:37
because power is voltage, sorry, power is capacitance times frequency 00:08:42
times voltage squared. 00:08:50
And so if you lower the thing in half, you save four times the power. 00:08:52
So to do the decon, you have to talk with Intel and Arm and all these people? 00:08:57
Or is it other kind of people, the screen people who need to get that working, 00:09:01
the motherboard people? 00:09:04
It's a trivial thing to do in the timing controller, relatively, 00:09:06
so there's mosquitoes sometimes. 00:09:12
To do that, it's really working primarily with the ODM to do the architecture. 00:09:16
That said, various CPU makers are working on alternative low-power architectures 00:09:24
for their CPUs that maybe do the same thing inside of them. 00:09:32
I must go with you. 00:09:35
John, you can't leave. 00:09:37
We have a meeting. 00:09:38
We're going. 00:09:39
Last thing, so you're shipping, the first batch will be without all these decon things, right? 00:09:41
That's right. 00:09:45
So the first batch is a run-in change, and by that, basically, 00:09:46
we're asking the manufacturers to plug in our screen instead of their standard screen 00:09:49
to existing electronics. 00:09:53
We'd like them to mod the electronics to move the power consumption much lower, 00:09:55
but for the first batch this year. 00:09:59
And so next year, we believe that we can really get the huge battery life increases. 00:10:01
And for this year, you can save two, three watts. 00:10:07
Because for this batch, they have nine-cell batteries for Intel processors, 00:10:10
and there's Arm processors that have eight hours. 00:10:14
So for now, it might be okay until we do the decon that will improve much more next year. 00:10:16
John, you really can't leave. 00:10:20
Okay, sorry. 00:10:22
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Idioma/s:
es
Autor/es:
One Laptop per Child Initiative
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
1007
Fecha:
18 de junio de 2009 - 14:04
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
One Laptop per Child Foundation
Duración:
10′ 23″
Relación de aspecto:
1.65:1
Resolución:
560x340 píxeles
Tamaño:
24.30 MBytes

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