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2º ESO/ANIMATED HISTORY OF SPAIN - Contenido educativo
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Ah, Spain. A land marred by the scars of its past. A land almost synonymous with empire,
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having been under the yoke of so many foreign rulers that even they began to lose count.
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A land whose very own empire would stand the test of time and dramatically change the course
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of Mesoamerican history, and yet somehow managed to avoid two world wars, all this and more in...
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So, you've probably heard that Spain was part of the Roman Empire, but before they arrived,
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the Iberian Peninsula already had several thriving civilizations, most of whom were
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thoroughly supplanted by Indo-European Celts, who had migrated south from France.
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Greeks and the Phoenicians had sailed these waters for centuries, setting up small trade
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cities and colonies.
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The Carthaginians, who were descendants of the Phoenicians themselves, set up a large
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trade empire between 650 and 300 BC, including parts of southern Spain, before coming into
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conflict with the Romans, who by the 3rd century were still a fledging republic, just toying
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with the idea of conquering outside of Italy.
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This all changed with the Punic Wars in which Rome came out on top with a slip victory over
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the Carthaginian's leader, Hannibal.
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The people of Roman Spain became thoroughly Romanized, a process accelerated by immigration
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from other parts of the empire, Roman law, religion, and the language became thoroughly
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entrenched into society and culture, because, when in Rome, I guess.
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Hispania fell to various Germanic and nomadic invaders in the 5th century, competing for
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land and dominance.
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The Suevi Vandals and Alans carved out short-lived kingdoms for themselves before being completely
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overrun by the Visigoths.
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In 587, the Visigoth king Reccared was converted from an Aryan Christian to a Roman Catholic,
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with the rest of his kingdom soon to follow.
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Visigoths fought for power and control in the region with the Byzantines, remnants of the old Roman Empire in the east, and also got pushed out of most of southern Gaul by the Franks.
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But they did manage to consolidate their hold on the whole of Iberia, save for the Basque region, by the year 624.
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But Visigoth Spain was soon to be facing a new enemy 4,000 kilometers away in Medina, where from 622 the birth of Islam began to spread through the conquest of Muhammad and the Rashidun Caliphate.
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The empire was further expanded into previously Byzantine holdings in Africa, with remarkable efficiency and speed under the Umayyad dynasty.
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In 711, a Berber army crossed the Straits of Gibraltar and conquered the fractured Visigoths, slowly invading further north, halted only by the defeat by the Franks at the Battle of Tours and the Spaniards at the Battle of Covadagna.
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The Umayyad dynasty's collapse at the hands of the Obasi allowed one Umayyad fugitive to claim the Spanish lands for himself.
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North, first as the Emory and then the Caliphate of Cordoba, also called the Al-Andalus.
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It is around the 8th and 900s that a centuries-long process called the Reconquista began in which
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Spanish Christians warred against the Muslims with the goal of driving them out of Spain.
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The Spaniards and the Portuguese saw the Muslims as outsiders, both in culture and religion,
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and very little integration happened between the two classes.
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The Reconquistas saw the Christian domains in the North increase in size and the southern
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Muslim kingdoms fracture into the Taifa state, until the Almohads united them again in the
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12th century.
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The Almohads put what would be the last nail in Muslim Spain's coffin when they implemented
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a strict kill-or-convert decree throughout their domains, causing a mass exodus of Jews
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and Christians from Cordoba into the northern Christian kingdoms.
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A crusade was led against the Almohads from 1212 to 1250 by an alliance of Spanish kingdoms
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driving the Moors to a land known as the Granada.
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Castile and Aragon, two of the most powerful kingdoms in Hispaniolia, united with the marriage
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of Ferdinand and Isabel to create the Kingdom of Spain, which also conquered their last
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remnant of Muslim Granada and the Basque Kingdom of Navarre.
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Around the same time, an Italian sailor was bumping around from country to country seeking
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sponsorship for a voyage to the East Indies.
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Finally, on meeting Isabel and Ferdinand, and after about two years of indecisiveness,
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King Ferdinand agreed to fund Columbus' voyage, in which he discovered the Americas.
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by discovered you mean after Viking life Ericsson and the people who already lived there.
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The Spanish Empire in the Americas would change the world forever, at first propelling Spain
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to superpower status.
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But as soon would become evident, the discovery of new lands and the building of an empire
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wasn't enough to occupy the minds of the Spanish crown, and so turned their attention
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to religious hegemony.
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First decreeing the expulsion of Jews and soon followed by the Muslims, the so-called
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converteric spell laws in Spain laid the foundations of the Spanish Inquisition.
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nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition. This period of Spanish history is notoriously bloody,
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even by European standards. The Habsburgs had cemented their claim on Spain as soon as they
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could by marrying into the Spanish family. The Habsburgs ruled over large swaths of Europe in
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a concerted and somewhat neurotic attempt to keep inheritance within the family, and they were
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notorious for their high decree of inbreeding. Habsburg Spain was also a political failure,
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drowning in inflation from an influx of American raw materials. Constant warfare and
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piracy took its toll on the empire, which lost its early lead for dominance in Europe
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to France, Britain, and Russia.
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The Habsburgs lost their hold on Spain after the War of Spanish Succession, in which a
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French house, the House of Bourbon, took over the Spanish crown.
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During the Napoleonic Wars in the 19th century, the Spanish army found themselves ill-prepared,
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as they had funneled their entire war treasury into preparation for a naval engagement with
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Britain, its main economic rival.
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The Spanish army was so soundly defeated by Napoleon that in the end they amounted to
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nothing more than unorganized skirmishes and guerrilla warfare.
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Napoleon briefly had his brother crowned king of Spain, but with his defeat in 1813 the
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monarchy was restored, with rejection of the first Spanish constitution.
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This led to a turbulent time in Spain, with revolutions and counter revolutions for the
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next half century.
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In 1873 the monarchy was abolished and the first Spanish republic founded.
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The Italian king they borrowed, famously abdicating while declaring the Spanish ungovernable.
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But with the Spanish-American War and the Cuban Ten Years War, Spain became a shell
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of the empire it once was, losing all its holdings in America and the Philippines.
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With the outbreak of World War I, Spain declared neutrality and experienced an economic boom,
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stifled only by the Spanish flu and insurrections in Morocco.
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The instability and lack of centralized control would eventually lead to the Spanish Civil
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war, between competing factions of nationalists and republicans who split the nation in two.
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The civil war is a long and grueling topic that has such complex motives and ideologies
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not unlike those happening in the rest of Europe in the 1900s.
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So complex in fact that it deserves its own video, which is why you should go to my friend
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over at Feature History who has made just that.
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Francisco Franco and his dictatorship which presided over the second world war created
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what we now call Nationalist Spain, an ideology not unlike Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany,
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conceding however the official neutrality of Spain during the war.
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With his death in 1975, he decreed the restoration of the monarchy with full autocratic powers,
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but was marred in King Juan Carlos' decision to seek a constitutional monarchy for the
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kingdom.
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Spain joined the European Union in 1986, which helped stabilize the economy and industry
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in the new government.
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The boom in tourism and economic growth in Spain were unprecedented at one point, becoming
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Europe's fourth largest economy.
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This came to a grinding halt with the 2008 global recession, which saw a property bubble
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burst in Spain in particular, creating a devastating long-term economic hardship.
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Spain also currently has a few other issues on its plate, including a secessionist movement
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in Catalonia, a historically distinct culture region on the southeast, and the European
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migrant crisis beginning in 2015.
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Modern Spain is still a haven of tourism with millions visiting each year, as well as an
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important political entity in Western Europe, working hard for industrial growth and slowly
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healing the wounds of its recent history.
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Thank you so much for watching everyone, firstly I want to thank Feature History for collaborating
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with me on this one, we've had our channels grow side by side since the very beginning
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and he covers topics way better than the kind of short summaries that I do and he's probably
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what you're looking for if you really enjoy great topics with a good depth of
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history. I'll include a link to his video down below which I collaborated on. Also
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be sure to like and subscribe and follow me on Twitter. Also there's been some
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requests for some of my characters to be on t-shirts and things like that so I've
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opened up a merchandise store which will be updated slowly each month with each
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country that I cover and with some of the characters that are on the channel.
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So far we've had France and Germany up available now and there'll be more
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coming soon. I'll have all the usual links down below. Until next time guys.
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- Subido por:
- Alicia M.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 16
- Fecha:
- 11 de enero de 2021 - 15:41
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES LA SENDA
- Duración:
- 09′ 21″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 89.31 MBytes