Water on Earth - Contenido educativo
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In this video you can find information related with unit "Water on earth"
Hola hola, good day to everybody, hello guys, we are going to see the water on earth in this video
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so I try to be quick and we are going to see the unit 3, as you know this unit 3 for us is unit 9
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And it's a very interesting unit as we are going to see how our planet has water on the surface or underground, the oceans and the sea.
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So I will start with the first point, the Blue Planet.
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Why we call our planet the Blue Planet?
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Okay, basically, as we saw in the Unit 1, the Earth and the Universe, our planet is called the Blue Planet.
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If you remember the speech of Carl Sagan, when they saw the Earth from a long, long distance in the Universe, it was called a pale blue dot, that is called our home.
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Well, basically, why is it blue? Well, our planet, 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, so the color that we can see out of the planet is blue, but despite the fact that 70% of the Earth's surface is covered in water, there's only 0.02% is Earth mass.
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so it's a very small percentage of the mass of the earth as well our planet is the only planet
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in the solar system who has a permanent supply of liquid water okay all the amount of the whole
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water in the planet is called the hydrosphere i'm gonna put this
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and it's gonna be easier for you to see what I'm saying. So the hydrosphere includes the
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oceans and seas, okay? And the inland water. What is the oceans and seas? Oceans and seas
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is 90% of the Earth's water and this is salt water. That is not a drinkable water, but
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It's the most water that we have in the world.
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On the other hand, the inland water is just only 3% of the water in the world
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and it's fresh water, as we call in Spanish, agua dulce,
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and it's essential for life.
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It's water that is drinkable.
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So without that water, we cannot survive.
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And it only represents 3% of the total water in the planet.
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It's amazing, don't you think? Because it depends only on a small percentage of the total water.
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How we can find the water in the hydrosphere? Solid, liquid or gas? When it's solid? Obviously
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in the places where the water gets a congelation state, okay? That is in ice, in the glaciers,
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on the top of the mountains in the poles north pole south pole that is the solid water we can
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find in a liquid state in the aquifers underground we are going to see a point related with that
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the aquifers is where the water goes through the ground and make big big deposits under the ground
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We can find the water in lakes and in rivers.
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All those three liquid states usually is fresh water, agua dulce.
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So it's water that we can drink.
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On the other hand, the oceans and seas is liquid state, but we cannot use this water for consumption.
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It represents the oceans and seas.
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As well, we can find the water in the gaseous state, in the atmosphere, in water vapor.
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That is interesting because the water has a cycle where the water pass through the liquid
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state to the gaseous state and later on pass again to liquid state and have or suffer congelation
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and stay on the top of the mountains after the hot or warm seasons like summer or spring melt
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and goes again to be liquid that is called the the water the water cycle okay as you can see here
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the water on the top of the mountains snow melt goes to the river and lakes and end in the seas
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suffer evaporation it goes to the clouds condense condensation and after that rain and go back to
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the top of the mountain okay so the water is like in a cycle the water never disappear from from
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our from our system and probably the the molecules of the water is coming back from the is they are
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we keep them from millions and millions years ago okay here you can see the water cycle evaporation
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is when the when the water cycle begins the heat of the Sun makes that the water goes from the
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earth surface to the into the atmosphere condensation up in that it forms clouds
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that later on that become precipitation that clouds across the skies fall down or fell back
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down to the earth's surface it forms like rain snow or hail remember hail is the word that we
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use in english to say granizo and after the precipitations the journey continues again
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one and again and again that is called the water cycle and it's important to understand
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how the hydrosphere is always with water now we are going to go deep into the oceans and seas
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We can make a difference between oceans and seas.
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What is an ocean?
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Basically the difference is the size.
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Oceans are large bodies of salt water between the continents.
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These oceans, we can identify five oceans.
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You can see in the map that you have in your screen.
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We have the Atlantic Ocean near our country or our territory, Spain, we have the Pacific
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Ocean, Indian Ocean, we have the Arctic Oceans in the north and Southern Oceans in the south.
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On the other hand, the seas are smaller bodies of salt water and we identify three types.
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We have the continental seas, like the Mediterranean Sea, as you can see, it's between or among
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some two continents, in this case Africa and Europe.
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We have the coastal seas, like the Caribbean Sea, because it's a sea that at the same time
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is inside an ocean, okay?
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The Caribbean Sea is just the part of the Atlantic Ocean between Mexico, Cuba, Puerto
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because Jamaica this is a coastal sea and we have the inland seas like the black sea that is totally
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inside the continents the difference between the continental species that they have
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some parts that connect the sea with the ocean but in the other hand the coastal sea the inland seas
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sorry they don't have any any part to connect with the with an ocean okay grab here what i already
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said um and this is important now we are gonna see deep in the oceans why because we need to know
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what how the oceans have movements and what are the oceans currents
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In Spanish, we can say that the oceans move like the movements of the ocean.
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That is, all the movements of how the water moves through the oceans and what consequences they have for us.
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Which consequences they have for us.
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And the ocean currents, we can translate as the ocean currents.
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Which are those movements, how we identify them.
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Okay, first we are going to speak about the ocean's movements.
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The oceans are constantly moving and we are going to see the causes that create or causes
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that those movements.
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In the first, firstly we have the gravitational pull of the moon.
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We already show how the moon affect the water.
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water has a very thin mass and it's affected by the moon. How they are affected? The tides
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are the regular changes in the sea levels. We already know how the tide can be high tide when
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the water goes inside the continent or the land and the low tides when the water retire from the
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land and goes far away to the ocean. The explanation of that is the position of the moon.
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Every day we have two high tides when the earth is facing the moon and when it's facing away.
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Why facing away? Because if it's facing away that means that in other parts of the world
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is facing the moon so or is not having that attraction so the water comes to other part
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okay so if it's moving from one side that means that affect to the other part of the earth
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that's why we have two high tides and two low tides what else affect the movements of the oceans
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the next two are very very easy and simple and simple okay there are we are going to see the
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wind the wind is moving the surface of the sand on the sea we if you have visited the
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the sea and the seashore you will see the waves the waves are moving because of the wind okay
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as much as stronger is the wind the waves increase their height and the other way how the oceans move
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is the tectonic plates we show in the last unit how the tectonic plates affect to the earth to
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create earthquakes and those earthquakes can be called tsunamis and affect the waves that arrive
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to our shore by the way the word shore i hope everybody knows that in spanish is orilla
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okay seashore es la orilla del mar
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we are going to carry on and we are going to see what is the
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ocean currents and this is this is very interesting
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i think because the ocean currents are the permanent flows of water that circulate like
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rivers through the oceans and seas one second okay so the we are gonna see how the currents
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the ocean currents happen okay the ocean currents as i already said are permanent flows of water
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that circulate like rivers through the oceans and seas what that means okay the
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essence currents are like small roads that are in the oceans you have to think that the oceans are
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a massive amount of water inside these amounts of water these currents that we
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can use for the navigation purposes for example in Christopher Columbus times he
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arrived to America, to the continent, to the new continent, they start using these
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currents to move the boat between two continents, okay? That it was called the
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Tornaviaje. We see in the map how Spain, as you can see, there are a circle,
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circular current that if you take the current from this part where is Canary
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Island the simple current moves you to the America and if you want to back the
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current will move again to the Canary Island as well happened in Africa the
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first sailors that started using that technique they were the
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Portuguese sailors okay and it was called the Tornaviaje so that is how the
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currents works nowadays we know that the currents give us or affect us for the
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weather as well how affect the weather okay as you see the red arrow are warm
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water okay and the blue arrow it's cold water the temperature of the ocean or
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the sea near the coast affect the continent or the area near the coast where the warm current
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arrive to a place to a to the coast this area experience high temperatures and more rainfall
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okay are areas they are areas with a lot of precipitation so a lot of in the other hand the
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cold currents experience low temperatures and dry weather okay as you can see here in chile
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the coast of chile is very dry because the water is cold okay so that is how effect the hot
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temperate the hot temperature of the water brings rain and the cold temperature of the water brings
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drier weather. As you can see here in England, this hot water is coming from the Caribbean
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island straight to the English island and that is why it is so rainy. As well, what
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affects or what moves that currents, especially the earth movements. As you know, the earth
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is moving all the time, rotation movement, and that helps the currents to move.
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The sun energy, the sun warms the water and makes it move.
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As I already said in class, the warm water is lighter than the cold water and that allows
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to move and to help the cold water to occupy the space that the hot water left.
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The position and the shape of the continents as well help to the movement of the currents
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and the underwater landforms, you know that under the oceans there are massive continents
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that help to this movement, the winds and that are the factors that influence.
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As you can see in this scheme that I did, the ocean currents have a significant effect
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on climates around the world.
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Now we are going to see the next point is the inland water.
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Inland water is the opposite to the oceans and seawater, is the water that we can find
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the surface of the continents okay apart of the oceans and seas we have another water and then we
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have the surface water that is represented in lakes and rivers we have the ice represented
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in glaciers ice flows and permafrost and the ground water that is in spanish depositos
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Subterraneos. Okay I will go to the surface water and we have the rivers. What is a river? A river
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is a permanent flow of water that moves over the earth surface downwards and towards the sea. So
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basically it's water that is coming from the mountains, it's born in the mountains or in the
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springs later on we are going to see what is a spring and goes to the sea the rivers not only
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goes to the sea as well can go to another river and is when it's called a tributary in spanish
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everybody knows what is a tributary can you tell me what is a tributary okay i will tell you tributary
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is a fluente okay when a river goes to another river is an affluente of the the other river
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at least it's tributary um a river have a course that is the amount of water that it takes to the
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through the land it could be a regular if the flow is the same through the year or irregular
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if there are variations what is the what is happening in spain in spain most of the rivers
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are irregular and you can ask to yourself why that is easy and simple in spain we have a very very
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very heavy summer okay in summer have a very high temperature and that makes that the water
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evaporate and we have a lack of rain during the months of june july august and the rivers
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that time of the year start being start being dry and that's why it's irregular after that in autumn
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winter and spring maybe the flow increase but in this in the normally summer it's like that
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Okay. What is a lake? Lakes is when the water accumulates in the land because of the type
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of floor where the water goes. This water is coming from, wait a moment, is coming from
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precipitation rivers or groundwater and basically the lakes are fresh water that we can drink
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we have a population in Spain we have several lakes where
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where we can have a deposit of water for the consumption of the humans
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okay that is the surface water now we are gonna go to see the the ice the ice is almost the 70%
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of the earth's water so that's only this 3% of the water that we can drink the 70% of them is
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frozen that is amazing don't you think so we just can use 3% but the most of those of that 3% is
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frozen. How is it frozen? In glaciers, ice floes and permafrost. Glaciers are the
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large masses of ice and they are moving across the Earth's surface. Where
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are located the glaciers? The top of the mountains, in places where the
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temperatures are very low. When it's a warm season usually they melt, a part of
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them and goes for us some most of them goes to the oceans as well okay because of the warming
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the warming the alert of warming temperature of the earth the glaciers are being lost at some
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point so we have to try the earth don't increase the temperature to save them we have the ice flows
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as well this like like largest section of floating ice that um that it's mostly in the arctic ice in
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the arctic and in the antarctic so in the north pole and the south pole and they are floating
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on the oceans okay of course as it happens with the glaciers they are bigger during the winter
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and smaller during the summer and we have the permafrost that is the frozen floor that
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It is not possible to have agriculture there and it is frozen during the whole year.
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This is how the water is kept in the solid state and in the very low temperature.
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The last concentration of water that we are going to see is the groundwater.
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And the groundwater is when the rain goes to the floor and has an infiltration through
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the stones or through the ground, just sand and gravel and form a deposit called aquifer.
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Those aquifers we can use at some point, it's fresh water and it's not seen at the simple
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view.
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It's 30% of the earth fresh water, so as you can see the lakes and the river represent
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very very small percentage um and depending on the type of rock this this aquifers has different form
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because there are rocks that allow the filtration the infiltration and some of them just allow
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through the cracks okay for la grietas de la roca el agua se introduce
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the aquifer. When the aquifer becomes saturated, as you can read, they have to be broke and
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the water has to go out at some point and that is called spring. Spring in Spanish is
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un manantial. You can see there are a lot of rivers that are coming from the springs
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they form in the mountain from the aquifer okay and that will be the last inland water that we
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can find i'm gonna recapitulate we are gonna go to the top we already see the surface water
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form of lakes and rivers the ice water in from in form of glaciers and ice flows and permafrost
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and the groundwater that is represented in aquifers and the last point is the water hazards
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the water can has some hazards okay unfortunately the water can be scarce at some point you know
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scarce is falta de agua. We have another hazard, another peligro that the water can give us
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that is the floods. The floods are responsible of the 40% of human loss caused by natural
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hazards we have a very brief summary of human loss by natural causes can be the
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earthquakes the hurricanes the tsunamis but the water the floods are responsible
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for 40% actually the tsunamis can create floods and usually occur around the river
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banks las orillas de los rios and coastlines areas okay and that's why because the human being
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lives near the coast mostly um in our country in spain the mediterranean rivers usually in summer
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and in autumn sorry in autumn and spring they suffer that increases that are not or cannot
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be controlled by the human and this water goes out the riverbank and affects the humans.
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Another hazard of the water is the drafts, that is the opposite, there is a significant
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decrease in rainfall and that can lead to something called desertification, desertification
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can be caused by the lack of water and how the human being use the water without any control.
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Okay, the ground that lost fertility is unproductive for agricultural use
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and as it cannot produce food, it's a problem for the humans.
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Okay, and that's all, I hope this presentation is gonna be useful for you to answer the questions.
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You will find a test in this part of the aula virtual, so you just need to go there, check
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it and if you have any question, please don't hesitate to ask me.
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I hope it can be funny if you enjoy this presentation and I will upload the presentation as well
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because if maybe you didn't understand any word that you can say, that I could say, maybe
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because of my English or whatever, you can find the presentation near the exam, ok?
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Thank you very much for your attention, I hope you enjoy and bye bye bye bye bye, adios!
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- Usuario
- Subido por:
- Alberto Vicent M.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial
- Visualizaciones:
- 19
- Fecha:
- 23 de mayo de 2024 - 11:30
- Visibilidad:
- Clave
- Centro:
- IES CONDE DE ORGAZ
- Duración:
- 28′ 21″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 135.27 MBytes
