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POPULATION PYRAMID - 2ND ESO

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Subido el 21 de abril de 2020 por David S.

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Hello everyone, we are going to continue with this video lesson of the unit date of population 00:00:01
and the topic of today is going to be the point number 2, the demographic structure 00:00:09
but basically how to study a population pyramid. 00:00:16
Before we start with that I want to explain you a little bit which is the demographic structure by economy 00:00:21
and in this case we are going to have two types by level of activity and by 00:00:29
economic sector in the first one we are going to divide the population depending 00:00:35
on if they are active or inactive population the active population is the 00:00:41
people that can work people that are working trabajadores unemployed parados 00:00:46
and job seekers and the inactive population is the people 00:00:53
that don't contribute economically to the society because they are students 00:01:01
retired people or people that are unable to work normally the active population 00:01:05
work and sustain the inactive population and by economic sector we divide the 00:01:11
population depending in the sector of the economy they are working on in the 00:01:15
primary secondary tertiary or quaternary these are two pie charts that show the different 00:01:19
distribution of this population but anyway i just wanted to tell you a little bit about this because 00:01:25
it may appear during the unit but you will study all of this in third grade so now 00:01:31
regarding the study of population pyramids there is information in the book on the pages 136 and 00:01:41
There are some definitions, some exercises, but I think that in my presentation everything 00:01:51
is explained better, so I'm not going to use the information of the book. 00:02:01
First of all, we need to know what is a population pyramid, and this will be the definition. 00:02:07
It is a bar chart, un grafico de barras, that is used to represent the demographic structure, 00:02:13
The population divided by age, por edad, and sex, por sexo, si son mujeres o hombres. 00:02:19
And this population pyramid will show the information in a specific place and time. 00:02:27
In this example, you have the population pyramid of the planet, of the world, in the year 2015. 00:02:32
The population pyramids like this one are going to show us a lot of information that 00:02:38
is really useful for geographers and also for politicians because it's going to let 00:02:47
us predict what is going to happen in the future because we can see the number of people 00:02:56
that were born in some years and what will happen to them next. 00:03:00
Sometimes in the population pyramids we are going to have the GES when the different groups 00:03:06
of population were born on the left side but normally this doesn't appear. 00:03:11
In the horizontal axis that is this one, this second square, we are going to have the percentage 00:03:17
of the population that this represents but sometimes we can also have the absolute value 00:03:28
in millions of people or thousands of people 00:03:34
in this case you can see that there is the symbol of percentage 00:03:38
then we are going to have different groups of people 00:03:42
that are represented by the different bars on the vertical axis 00:03:45
and each age group is going to represent five years so for example the first 00:03:50
group is from zero to four years old the second from five to nine 00:03:56
and so on until in this pyramid until 85 years old and finally there are three big groups of 00:04:00
population normally the population pyramids are divided in these three parts the base the trunk 00:04:10
and the top and in the base from 0 to 14 years old we're going to have the young population 00:04:17
then when we're going to have in the trunk the adult population from 15 to 64 years old and 00:04:23
finally on the top we have the elderly population normally the retired people from 65 until 00:04:30
it can be more than 85 it can be 100 and so it depends why is this important because um 00:04:39
the majority of the population that work are going to be the adult population so if we know 00:04:48
the number of people that are in this part of the pyramid we know the number of people that 00:04:54
are maintaining the young population that are supposed to be learning and 00:04:59
studying and the elderly population that need people to take care of them okay 00:05:03
let's continue the pyramids the population pyramids are going to have 00:05:10
different shapes that are going to allow us as I said in the presentation to spy 00:05:17
the past because they don't only show the births and the deaths like the 00:05:22
demographic indicators. We can also see migrations, the consequences of wars, epidemics, 00:05:27
the infant mortality. 00:05:33
We can also use them to predict what is going to happen in the future. 00:05:36
For this reason, the geographers have divided the types of pyramids depending on their shape. 00:05:41
There are triangular shapes that are called expanding pyramids, bell shapes that are called stable pyramids, 00:05:47
and wolf shapes that are called contracting pyramids well the stable can be also called 00:05:54
stationary here you have the information for the different pyramids so in the triangular 00:06:01
shaped pyramid normally this one corresponds to underdeveloped countries in which there are a lot 00:06:06
of birds and a lot of deaths the life expectancy normally is very short so people don't live 00:06:12
normally more than 60 years old they are not 60 more than 60 years old and the majority of the 00:06:20
population are the young population then the adult population are a little bit less and the elderly 00:06:29
population are not common then in develop or developing countries we have a stationary 00:06:35
pyramids in which the birth rate is declining slowly the death rate has declined a lot as 00:06:40
the life expectancy is getting better and the majority of the population are adult then young 00:06:48
population and finally elderly population and in some of the most developed countries like 00:06:56
spain or japan we have the wolf-shaped pyramid that is contracted is contracting 00:07:02
the birth rate is very low the death rate is also very low it can increase because 00:07:11
of the amount of elderly population, and the life expectancy is long, es decir, la gente 00:07:18
vive mucho. 00:07:24
The majority of the people are adults, but then, instead of young population, most of 00:07:26
the people are elderly population. 00:07:32
Which are the factors that influence this? 00:07:36
Basically, the factors that we studied the other day about the birth rate and the death 00:07:38
rate depending on the developing of a country or a region the society the culture and so on 00:07:43
we are going to see some examples in this population pyramid of chile what would you 00:07:51
say is an expecting pirate an expanding pyramid a contracted and stationary in this case is 00:07:57
stationary because as you can see the population is stable even it is the 00:08:05
number of birds is declining a little bit in Austria obviously the number of 00:08:13
birds is very low so it will be a contractive pyramid in Mozambique that 00:08:18
is unless the one of the least developed countries you can see that the number of 00:08:24
birds is really high but then the population decrease a lot so it will be 00:08:29
an expansive pyramid and finally in india you can see that the situation is changing 00:08:34
slowly it used to be an expansive pyramid but now it's getting stationary stable okay 00:08:40
so let's see this example in this pyramid you can see that the birth rate is super high 00:08:48
the death rate is also high because you can see that the population is declining with the age 00:09:02
So, we can say that this type of population pyramid is or belongs to one of the poorer areas of the world or one of the less economically developed countries. 00:09:09
That is what this stands for. It's an expansive pyramid. 00:09:28
it in bangladesh that is also an expensive pyramid you can see that the number of birds decline a 00:09:32
little bit and this is because some countries are going to let's see if you remember think 00:09:40
they are going to apply demographic policies in which they are going to try the people of their 00:09:46
country to have less children so in this case the number of birds decrease a lot 00:09:52
then in this type of pyramid you can see that the birth rate is low and the death rate is also low 00:09:56
the category that is bigger is the people that are more than 40 years old like nowadays in Spain 00:10:03
more or less and the number of people in each group is about the same in these categories the 00:10:10
elderly population is the only one that is smaller and obviously it is because there is more people 00:10:16
that die at this age. So in this population pyramid you can see that this 00:10:21
is a developed country and it's a stationary pyramid. And finally if you can 00:10:27
see that the birth rate or the number of births is low, the young population is 00:10:34
low and the largest group is the adult population, normally this is going to be 00:10:40
What we say normally with this type of population in which the amount of elderly people is increasing 00:10:47
a lot, es decir, la población anciana crece muchísimo y va a crecer mucho más porque 00:10:59
estos adultos dentro de unos años van a pertenecer a ese grupo, we call it aging population, 00:11:05
envejecida and this is going to be a big issue or a big problem for countries 00:11:13
because normally the elderly population are retired, están jubilados, they don't work 00:11:18
but we have to maintain them with the work of the adult population so that's 00:11:24
why for example in the European Union they are postponing the age of 00:11:30
population it used to be 65 and in some countries nowadays is 70 years old there 00:11:35
has to be new plans to see what to do with these elderly people and normally 00:11:43
this is going to happen in the richer countries as I told you Spain Sweden 00:11:51
Japan Canada all these countries are having or experiences changes in the 00:11:55
population finally we can see that there are some pyramids that are a little bit 00:12:01
different like this one this type of pyramids belong to countries in which 00:12:08
there are a lot of temporary workers, normally male, es decir, normalmente hombres que trabajan 00:12:13
de forma temporal, that migrate to a country for a specific period of time. 00:12:18
This population pyramid normally can be typical of countries like Saudi Arabia, Qatar, United 00:12:25
Arab Emirates, countries that are very rich in resources and that are getting industrialized 00:12:34
slowly. But if we cut these people that are immigrants and workers the 00:12:40
population pyramid will be expansive. And we can also see in population pyramids 00:12:47
like this one of Japan some details that are going to give us information about 00:12:55
their history. For example in this population pyramid of Japan you can see 00:13:02
that something happened with the population around these years if we take 00:13:06
the year 2000 that is the year of the pyramid and we discount this number of 00:13:14
years for example 50 what happened in Japan around the 1950s it was after the 00:13:19
end of the Second World War so this is why there were less birds and more 00:13:27
people died during that period that's why there is less inhabitants during 00:13:32
those years the population recovered later and now this Japan has a 00:13:37
contracted pile in the future of Japan what is going to happen the adult 00:13:41
population are going to be elderly population and they will need to take 00:13:47
care of these people what are the Japanese doing because they are very 00:13:52
smart they are building a lot of robots that are going to take care of the 00:13:56
elderly population now why am i explaining all of this because there is an exercise that you 00:14:00
will have to do that is to analyze a population pyramid i'm going to upload a document in aula 00:14:10
virtual with all this information okay but we're going to see one example here and obviously this 00:14:17
example is going to be the example of spain so in the first part of the analysis you have to start 00:14:23
with the introduction to say what it is that always is going to be a population 00:14:29
pyramid and specify the year and the location when and where then in the 00:14:34
analysis you have to explain what you can see with your eyes in the pyramid 00:14:41
which are the largest group of population the smallest one if there are 00:14:45
more men or women how many people are in the base the trunk or the top and why is 00:14:50
that happening is it because the birth rate is high low declining the death 00:14:57
rate you have to guess all of this but is better if we if I explain it with the 00:15:02
example so for example in Spain we start with the introduction and we are going 00:15:07
to say that it's a bar chart called population pyramid that is showing us 00:15:11
the demographic structure of Spain in which year 2015 and that is divided by 00:15:16
by ages you can see around here and sex male and female then secondly you have to start with the 00:15:22
analysis and which is the group with the largest population in spain is obvious the adult population 00:15:32
that is in the trunk especially which group the people that are between 35 and 39 years old can 00:15:39
Can you see? 00:15:48
The smallest groups of population 00:15:50
are going to be the elderly population, as you can see, 00:15:52
specifically the people that have more than 85 years old. 00:15:56
But that's common sense because normally 00:15:59
the elder you are, the more chances you have to die. 00:16:02
Then you have to describe the different parts of the pyramid. 00:16:09
So the base of the pyramid, that is the young population, 00:16:11
is going to be very narrow, as you can see. 00:16:14
There is only one bar that has a little bit more population, 00:16:18
that is the population that are between five 00:16:21
and nine years old, and this is because 00:16:23
there were more migrants before the crisis, 00:16:26
and this is the group of population 00:16:29
that represents that migrants, okay? 00:16:31
Because they normally have more children. 00:16:33
Also because a previous government, 00:16:36
the government of Zapatero, was giving money 00:16:37
for the people to have children. 00:16:40
And some people got encouraged by that, 00:16:42
that but the what we call the cheque bebet what you can see also is that there are more girls 00:16:47
than boys no more boys than girls sorry but only a little bit then you have to move to the trunk 00:16:54
that correspond to the adult population between 15 and 64 years old the people that normally are 00:17:03
active population and work this group is going to maintain the other two and as i told you before 00:17:09
the largest group is between 35 and 44 years old and finally at the top you have the elderly 00:17:16
population in this case what you can see is a gender difference because more women than men 00:17:24
survive and the reason for that is because traditionally men had bad habits like smoking 00:17:32
drinking also more dangerous works so more male population died and also 00:17:40
because a male population are more likely to suffer some heart diseases or 00:17:48
brain diseases that kill them faster than they kill women to continue with 00:17:55
this you have to go to the demographic indicators that you studied in the 00:18:04
previous lesson and can you guess if the birth rate is low or high if you see 00:18:08
that the number of people that are young population is so small you can guess 00:18:14
that the birth rate obviously is low what about the death rate if all these 00:18:21
adult population are surviving and this group is large and you know that the 00:18:27
Spain is a developed country you can guess that the death rate is also very 00:18:33
low and about the life expectancy if you can see that the number of elderly population is very 00:18:36
similar to the number of young population it means that the people live very long in this country in 00:18:44
spain the life expectancy is over 80 years old so you have to say that the life expectancy is high 00:18:50
why is all this happening in spain you have to specify the reasons that make spain different 00:19:01
to other countries so in this case you have here an explanation of why the birth rate is so low 00:19:07
basically because in spain religion is less important nowadays than in the past people 00:19:14
use contraceptives anticonceptivos for having less children women have access to education 00:19:22
and to labor to work and in other countries they don't and there is also another important factor 00:19:28
that i explained the other day that is urbanization more people live in cities and the people that 00:19:36
live in cities normally have less children regarding the life expectancy why do you think 00:19:41
it is long why do you think people die less and live longer this is because in spain we have a 00:19:48
great advances in medicine and we have vaccination since you are born and we have clean and drinkable 00:19:57
water we have enough food to have a good nutrition we have good hygiene there are not very 00:20:05
bad diseases that can that can kill a lot of population and this is why people live longer 00:20:21
and normally women are going to live longer than men as i told you due to biological reasons and 00:20:28
also because as I told you men used to have bad habits in the past but nowadays people 00:20:35
are smoking less drinking less and this is why they live longer if you drink if you smoke 00:20:42
and you make the stupid lot there is more chances to die finally in the conclusion what 00:20:50
you have to say is the type of population pyramid that it is in this case it is a contractive 00:20:59
pyramid but imagine that you have Nepal it will be expansive pyramid the shape 00:21:05
is a wolf shape it is typical in developed countries like Spain and in 00:21:11
this case we can see or we need to predict the future 00:21:16
Spain is an aging population 00:21:19
this adult population will be elderly in the future and the amount of people that 00:21:25
will be taking care of them are going to be very small and we can also guess that 00:21:30
there is no generational replacement, there is no generational replacement because what you 00:21:35
can see is that the people that are having children are not going to 00:21:42
be having more than two kids that's why we have this difference okay in the 00:21:48
future what is this going to cause in Spain lack of workers is decir van a 00:21:54
faltar trabajadores en la economía there is going to be a lot of inactive 00:22:03
elderly population mucha población que no trabaja y que va a estar retirada o 00:22:11
and there will be a lot of people that will need resources but we 00:22:16
don't know yet from where to take them so this will be the analysis in general 00:22:25
about the Spain in the booklet you have the population pyramid of Europe but we 00:22:30
are not going to do that yet okay this is the prediction of the population 00:22:36
pyramid of Spain in the future so as you can see the amount of elderly population 00:22:41
is going to be a lot and we're going to have a lot of problems with the retirement plans 00:22:46
con la pensiones and what i want you to do for homework about this topic is two definitions 00:22:51
aging population and demographic policies but i think i told you to do this one the other day 00:23:00
and one task that is related with your project you have to enter in this website that is 00:23:05
populationpyramid.net and that is this one and here you have to 00:23:12
research your country to find your population pyramid so for example 00:23:19
imagine that you have Syria you enter Syria and you can copy the population 00:23:24
pyramid okay if you are not able to save it like this like this clicking in 00:23:32
download you can also take a screenshot of your screen and copy the 00:23:42
pyramid so this website is going to give you information about the pyramid and on 00:23:52
the right side you have also information about the number of people in the 00:23:58
country in the different years and the prediction in the future and what I find 00:24:02
really interesting for example in Syria is that you can see that the population 00:24:08
was increasing but when the civil war of Syria started the population decreased a 00:24:12
lot and they are expecting now that the war is almost over the population to 00:24:18
increase so as you can see you will have a lot of information here you have to 00:24:23
follow the steps to analyze a population pyramid that I'm going to upload in 00:24:30
aula virtual and this will cover in your project the point five point one point 00:24:36
three that is called demographic structure this one if you have any more 00:24:45
questions ask me and this will be all about about this unit of the population 00:24:51
You have my email, you can write me to Aula Virtual, and I think we are going to have 00:25:03
a conference probably next week in which you will be able to ask me any questions, okay? 00:25:09
I hope you are all feeling well, and a big hug, bye bye! 00:25:17
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
David Sánchez García
Subido por:
David S.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
22
Fecha:
21 de abril de 2020 - 17:37
Visibilidad:
Clave
Centro:
IES ALPAJÉS
Duración:
25′ 24″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1366x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
515.04 MBytes

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