Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

HARDWARE - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 24 de septiembre de 2020 por Isabel L.

56 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

As we have already studied, nowadays we are living in what is usually called an information society. 00:00:01
This new type of mobile needs to use a lot of electronic devices to work properly. 00:00:12
It is one of its characteristics. 00:00:21
So firstly, we are going to study the computer as a machine. 00:00:24
Well, we are going to try to study what you have in this index. 00:00:29
Firstly, what is computing? Computing, or also Informal Science, 00:00:39
Science is a science which deals with the anthropomathically and rational use of information 00:00:48
with computers or we need to deal with different types of data and calculators. 00:01:01
A computer is just only a machine, an electronic machine, capable to do a process very, very 00:01:12
fast in order to do these taxes, these simple taxes, but very, very, very, very, very fast. 00:01:22
What is important for computer is its high speed. 00:01:37
Our computers have at least two main systems, which are hardware and software. 00:01:46
Hardware is the physical part of the computer, what you can touch, and software is a set 00:01:51
of structures and programs, is the logical base, the logical part of our computers. 00:01:58
With the software, computers don't run, can't do anything. 00:02:08
Well, taking into consideration that the computer is an electronic machine, it needs obviously 00:02:22
energy. 00:02:30
So all computers have at least a power supply unit. 00:02:32
A power supply can change the electricity and convert this electricity in electricity 00:02:40
that the computer can use, because as you know, the electricity that companies supply 00:02:52
us is not direct current, it's alternative current. 00:03:04
So indeed, in the power supply, we have mostly, very often, a transformer gesture, which is 00:03:12
down from 220 to more or less 5 volts, and then it also has a set of diodes. 00:03:27
Diodes are capable of letting current in one direction but not in another. 00:03:38
If you also added to these diodes a condensator, you can have something similar to a direct 00:03:46
current that can be also correct with a thinner diode. 00:04:01
So indeed, the power supply is transformed from an alternative current to a direct current 00:04:07
of more or less 5 volts. 00:04:16
Well, we usually classify hardware in four main types, or four main categories, which 00:04:19
are input, output, store or storage, and process. 00:04:32
For example, input hardware is all kind of hardware that let us to input data in our 00:04:45
computer. 00:04:54
For example, keyboard, for example mouse, output, let us to show the result of the process 00:04:55
that the computer can do. 00:05:06
For example, screen, printer, well, obviously the most important part of our computer is 00:05:10
the process hardware. 00:05:26
In our computers, we usually have the tower or we usually have something inside this, 00:05:29
the tower or in laptop, inside the laptop, we have a very big circuit. 00:05:42
In this circuit there are a square integrated circuit which is called microprocessor. 00:05:52
The microprocessor is the most important part of our computer because in it the computer 00:06:04
can do different taxes, different procedures, and it itself can be understood taking into 00:06:15
consideration what is usually called von Neumann's architectures. 00:06:27
This kind of architecture has at least three parts, which are a unit aritological, a control 00:06:33
unit and different array revista. 00:06:48
So it has an input device, the microprocessor do the different taxes. 00:06:53
It can also store, not permanently, but sometimes store a little bit and then output, after 00:07:02
done different processes, the output devices. 00:07:16
So microprocessor is the most important part of our computer and it hits a lot. 00:07:21
So in order to evacuate the heat, it usually has some leds with a led microprocessor to 00:07:31
evacuate faster the heat, otherwise it can burn. 00:07:48
But the microprocessor is in another bigger circuit we usually call motherboard. 00:07:55
The motherboard is the most important part of our computer. 00:08:05
You can see in motherboard different parts that are really important. 00:08:12
For example, in the motherboard we have the socket in which is the microprocessor, chipsets, 00:08:17
these are a set of chips on the motherboard that carries out communication between the 00:08:29
microprocessor and different components. 00:08:35
We have also RAM memories that can be different from one computer to another, connectors of 00:08:40
different types such as ATX or IDA SATA connections, special slopes in which I can insert different 00:08:53
boards for example some board or graphic board another another important thing so 00:09:06
is the most important part of our computer although also in the tower for example 00:09:16
i can see different types of of ports and connectors such as pd to peripheral or 00:09:29
or to use for graphics, or to connect with a hard disk, or to transmission interface, 00:09:39
or network connections, for example, parallel with the tower, there is a lot of them. 00:09:53
Nowadays the most useful of this is USB, because there are so many devices that connect to 00:10:02
the computer using this. 00:10:16
In the motherboard you can also have two types of memory that are important. 00:10:20
And then after this we are going to talk about this again. 00:10:29
Other important thing of storage hardware is obviously the hard disk. 00:10:37
The hard disk is the most important storage hardware because you can store in it your 00:10:44
operating system. 00:10:54
And very often it is also, for example, another types of different files and another types 00:10:57
of applications and other types of software. 00:11:08
And in the motherboard also you can have run and run memories that are also, that are always 00:11:14
a different electronic circuit. 00:11:22
You can also see in a motherboard a small battery and a small circuit, which is usually 00:11:26
called BIOS. 00:11:34
The BIOS memory is responsible for the setup of the computer at the beginning and the first 00:11:35
connection with the peripheral and other things. 00:11:45
It can be also a type of raw memory, it can be considered a type of raw memory. 00:11:51
The hard disk. 00:12:01
The hard disk is made by Ferritas. 00:12:02
It has a cylinder shape so you can divide it into tracks and cylinders. 00:12:08
So you have sector and the smallest unit in a hardware disk is called cluster. 00:12:16
It is also organized in a logical thing because it has one part of the disk which is just 00:12:35
only to improve or to start the reading, to start to read the content of the disk. 00:12:43
And then you have different partitions that must be formatted before use the hard disk. 00:12:56
And we are going to talk again in the next lesson. 00:13:08
Memories run and run. 00:13:20
We have already talked about this. 00:13:22
Run memory can be deleted. 00:13:25
On the other hand, run memory is not possible to delete, it is something that must be permanent 00:13:31
and very often you can change well nowadays it's also important mobile phone at device 00:13:41
so we are going to talk something about the hardware in a mobile phone mobile phone is a set 00:13:57
of different layers so we have the first layer in which we have the screen mainly and in another 00:14:05
layer we have a also the loudspeaker and in another we have camera flash memory and in another 00:14:16
microprocessor so apart from battery obviously so the this is the the strategy to to create a 00:14:29
mobile phone it is doing layers in layers in different layers well it's important to know 00:14:41
that obviously is you take into consideration that all these devices are machines and electronic 00:14:55
machines the only thing they can know and they can feel is it has current or 00:15:03
not so indeed the only thing they can the smallest unit of memory is called 00:15:16
bit and a bit just only have two values, 0 and 1. As we are going to explain later, if 00:15:26
you want to create the different characters and to use the information, you must use just 00:15:43
only bits, so obviously it's quite complicated. 00:15:55
This is one of the reasons why 8 bits is another bigger unit of memory, which is called byte. 00:16:05
Then the next unit of memory is Kylo Byte. 00:16:19
Kylo is usually associated to 1000, but what happened? 00:16:27
There isn't any power of 2 that is 1000, because 1000 is a power of 10, no, it's a power of 00:16:35
And this is the reason why 1 kilobyte is 1024, not 1000. 00:16:47
And in this number of, in this quantity, the units of memory are growing. 00:16:57
So, one megabyte is 1024 kilobytes and so on. 00:17:11
So, as I have said if you want to know how to use 00:17:22
a computer, if you want to understand how the computer 00:17:31
works, you need to know and you need to use a network 00:17:38
another code, another numbered system. 00:17:45
We usually use decimal code, so in a decimal code we express the quantity using position 00:17:51
and also the quantity, indeed we just only have ten figures that are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 00:18:00
6, 7, 8 and 9 and if you change the position of the figure, the quantity is also different. 00:18:10
What I'm trying to say is the position is unit, this digit is just only what the digit 00:18:21
is, but it is not a unit, it is in the second position, you must multiply the value of the 00:18:35
figure with 10, for 10, because it is in the second position, and so on. 00:18:55
I think it's clear if we do then, we are going to do an example, and I think it can be clear than what I am speaking. 00:19:06
If you use binary code, you just only have two figures that are 0 and 1. 00:19:23
So, if you want to express quantities, you need to use these two figures and also the 00:19:32
position of the figures. 00:19:40
If a decimal code is the power of 10, in binary code are power of 2. 00:19:43
So it's another way to express different quantity. 00:19:51
And finally, you can also use hexadecimal code, in which you have existing figures. 00:19:57
What happens when the unit is 10, you express using the figure A, is 11, figure B, is 12, 00:20:10
figure C is 13, figure B is 14, figure A and 15, figure F. What I'm trying to say, indeed 00:20:22
the figure you use, the letter. I think if we try to do or if I'm going to do some examples 00:20:33
and I think it is clear. It's just only the theory. Well, that is what we need to know 00:20:46
about, is the theory that we need to know about hardware and how the computers usually 00:20:52
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
Isabel Lafuente Reboredo
Subido por:
Isabel L.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:
56
Fecha:
24 de septiembre de 2020 - 22:28
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI-SEC EL CANTIZAL
Duración:
21′ 10″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
1440x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
314.48 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid