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CEV 2ESO - 16 Cooperation or competition - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 21 de julio de 2023 por César Pedro P.

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Cooperation or competition

Más información Transcripción

Human beings are social beings. 00:00:00
We need other people in order to become really human, to learn a language, to learn the rules 00:00:03
that we need to coexist in society. 00:00:09
That's the reason why some philosophers said that human beings are social by nature. 00:00:12
This was Aristotle's idea. 00:00:19
Aristotle thought that human beings are social by nature because, considering the importance 00:00:22
of society in our lives, he thought that everyone was born social. 00:00:28
But other philosophers thought that this is not true, that society is actually a human 00:00:35
construction, something that we make, not something that is in our nature. 00:00:42
And that's why they invented a different theory to explain why we are social beings. 00:00:48
This new theory is called the theory of social contract. 00:00:54
According to the theory of social contract, human beings live in society because we have 00:00:58
decided to do so, because we have agreed upon some rules. 00:01:04
We have made a deal, a contract with other people in order to respect each other's rights 00:01:09
and to decide how to live together, how to coexist. 00:01:16
The theory of social contract was very popular during the modern age, in 17th, 18th centuries. 00:01:20
For example, the British philosopher Thomas Hobbes defended the theory of social contract. 00:01:29
He invited us to imagine how life would be if people could live individually, separately, 00:01:36
not in a society, but isolated, each one trying to survive by him or herself. 00:01:44
How would people live in such conditions, in what he called a state of nature, before 00:01:52
creating society? 00:01:58
Can you imagine that? 00:02:00
For Thomas Hobbes, human beings are deeply selfish and competitive. 00:02:02
They want to survive at all costs. 00:02:10
So if we really lived in a state of nature, we would live in a war of all against all. 00:02:13
Each person would try to survive, no matter how, and nobody would respect other people. 00:02:20
So that is a terrible situation that nobody really wants. 00:02:27
So that's why society was invented. 00:02:31
According to Thomas Hobbes, what we did was to give all the power to one specific person 00:02:34
that we call the sovereign, in order to let this sovereign impose peace and stop the war 00:02:41
of all against all. 00:02:49
That's how Thomas Hobbes thought that society was invented. 00:02:52
That's how he imagined the social contract worked. 00:02:57
In order to overcome this state of nature of selfish, competitive people, we must give 00:03:01
all the power to a sovereign that will use this power to impose peace and to end with 00:03:08
this war of all against all. 00:03:14
But not all philosophers agree with Thomas Hobbes. 00:03:18
A clear example is Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who was a different philosopher and who supported 00:03:23
also the theory of social contract, but had a very different idea of how human nature is. 00:03:31
For Rousseau, human beings are not in state of nature, competitive and selfish. 00:03:38
On the other hand, human beings in the state of nature, said Rousseau, are good and they 00:03:45
are benevolent. 00:03:52
They want to live in peace with other people. 00:03:54
Their deep heart is generous and is free and happy. 00:03:57
So in order to create society and to escape the state of nature, we cannot give all the 00:04:04
power to a sovereign that will make the sovereign a tyrant. 00:04:11
And Rousseau didn't want to live in a tyranny. 00:04:17
So he imagined that the best way to create a social contract to make a society was not 00:04:20
to give all the power to a specific person, but to give the power to the collective, to 00:04:26
the people. 00:04:32
Rousseau thought that the only way to keep the freedom and the liberty that we enjoyed 00:04:33
in the state of nature while we are in society was to give all the people to the collective. 00:04:40
So the sovereign actually must be the people, not a specific person. 00:04:47
So that's the way to create a democracy, a real society in which everybody is respected 00:04:53
and free, like in the state of nature, but enjoying all the benefits of living with other 00:05:01
people. 00:05:06
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
César Prestel
Subido por:
César Pedro P.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
7
Fecha:
21 de julio de 2023 - 18:31
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
05′ 09″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
297.94 MBytes

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