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EV 4ESO - 12 Justice as fairness - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 22 de octubre de 2020 por César Pedro P.

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What is justice? This video shows you the theory of justice created by the American philosopher John Rawls.

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What is justice? Have you ever wondered what this concept means? 00:00:01
For example, how should we make our rules in society, our laws, so that they are just? 00:00:06
Is there a right procedure to make legislation that guarantees that these laws are going to be fair and just? 00:00:14
The American philosopher John Rawls created a theory of justice. 00:00:25
answer this important question. He created a model, a procedure, so that we 00:00:31
could create rules that are fair and just for everybody. His theory is quite 00:00:40
abstract, so let me explain it with an imaginary example. Imagine that a great 00:00:48
inventor has created a machine that can destroy you and transform you into a 00:00:56
completely different person this revolutionary machine works like this you 00:01:04
enter the machine you press a button and then you disappear and immediately you 00:01:11
reappear you reappear in another body so maybe you are someone of a different age 00:01:17
of a different gender, maybe, of a different religion, of a different wealth. You don't know 00:01:24
who you're going to be after going through this machine. How can this machine help us to create 00:01:31
just norms? Imagine that we use this machine in the process of making norms. 00:01:39
Let's make the norms following this procedure. We're going to talk, we're going to discuss, 00:01:47
And we're going to make the laws, finding an agreement after we talk. 00:01:55
But later, once that we have created the law, everybody must go through the machine. 00:02:02
So you don't know who you're going to be when the law will be applied. 00:02:10
How would this change your way of making the law? 00:02:16
If you really don't know who you're going to be, would you make a law that discriminates people? 00:02:22
It would be quite stupid because you might be one of them after going through the machine. 00:02:29
So our law would be fair because you don't know if you are going to appear in the body of someone who has problems 00:02:35
or who has health problems or who is poor or who has a different gender or race. 00:02:43
Of course, John Rawls didn't speak about this machine. 00:02:51
In his book, The Theory of Justice, he proposed a model, though, that is quite similar. 00:02:57
He said, if we want our laws to be just, we should try to make them with equity. 00:03:05
And this can only be done if we create the law under a veil of ignorance. 00:03:13
What is this? A veil of ignorance means that you don't know who you really are. So, instead of 00:03:20
making laws that benefit you or the group you belong to, you should forget, make an effort to 00:03:28
ignore the kind of person that you are. Imagine that you don't know who you are and then try to 00:03:36
make the rules, forgetting the particular group you belong to. If you do that, the laws will be 00:03:43
fair. This imaginary situation in which everybody makes the law under a veil of ignorance, meaning 00:03:50
not taking into account their particular interests or circumstances, is called by John Rawls the 00:03:59
original position. So what he says in his book is, the law will be fair and just if it is made 00:04:06
under a veil of ignorance in the original position. Because in this case, we will take 00:04:15
into account all different perspectives, and we will not try to favor our particular standpoint. 00:04:22
it. How would a certain law look like if we do it following this method? John Rawls thought that 00:04:29
the law that is done under a veil of ignorance and in the original position will have two 00:04:40
characteristics. It will follow the principle of equality and also it will follow the principle 00:04:46
of difference. The principle of equality says that we will make rules that treat people with 00:04:54
equality, with equity, that give equal rights, benefits, and freedoms to everybody, that give 00:05:02
the same opportunities to everybody, regardless of the group they belong to or of their particular 00:05:10
circumstances. But there is also a principle of difference, because if we make the rules under 00:05:17
a veil of ignorance, we will try to favor specially disadvantaged people in order to 00:05:24
re-establish equity. Now, it is important that you realize that the law made according to this 00:05:31
procedure need not be an absolutely egalitarian law. For example, if we make the law like that, 00:05:38
It is not necessary that everybody earns the same salary. 00:05:46
That's not what Rawls is saying. 00:05:50
Certain degree of inequality would be acceptable, says Rawls, 00:05:53
but it should be according to one principle. 00:05:59
Inequalities would be fair if they benefit everybody, 00:06:05
not just the privileged, but also the people that are worst off. 00:06:10
For example, in society, it would be fair to pay a higher salary to those people that need an important effort in order to learn an important job. 00:06:16
For example, if they want to become doctors or engineers, this takes a long time studying and it requires personal sacrifice. 00:06:31
So it is fair that they receive an extra amount of money in their salary if they decide to work as engineers or doctors as a compensation for this personal effort, personal sacrifice. 00:06:41
but this is not unfair if we pay extra money to doctors or engineers because 00:06:55
they worked harder that is not unfair because it benefits everybody having 00:07:02
engineers and having doctors is beneficial not just for them but for all 00:07:07
society because their job can help also disadvantaged people 00:07:13
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
César Prestel
Subido por:
César Pedro P.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
Visualizaciones:
18
Fecha:
22 de octubre de 2020 - 17:58
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
07′ 20″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
216.12 MBytes

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