2020 03 18 English C2.1 Zoom lesson

testing testing one two three is this working are you there guys yes let me go over to the 00:00:01

waiting room and then admit you and admit everyone else nice welcome in 00:00:11

welcome in there we go hello there let's see if this is working today or not 00:00:22

okay let's get started hello Beatriz I can see you already you are the only one I can see so far 00:00:30

can you see me as usual oh something might yes hello Emilia welcome hello thanks okay so far we 00:00:39

have uh Emilia we have Paloma who's trying to connect uh Beatriz can you hear us I think Beatriz 00:00:50

is out or not oh uh uh beatrice uh cell phone is not a microphone seems not to be working 00:00:57

for some reason okay hmm okay we can hear you uh or we can hear we can hear paloma or uh hello 00:01:08

hello oh paloma yes we can hear you okay i'm so happy to see you again 00:01:21

well thank you we are trying we're still struggling 00:01:25

but uh hopefully it will work somehow we'll see in a minute okay and then we had anna 00:01:33

hi can you hear me yes i'm afraid my video my my cam is not working i don't know why it says 00:01:41

it doesn't detect my my camera i don't know why uh i'm gonna make it to start i really could not 00:01:48

tell you why that could be happening no yeah no are you using an external camera or uh no no no 00:01:54

i'm just using my laptop the built-in camera webcam in your laptop should work fine but yeah 00:02:01

that's what i guess that's what i thought i don't know why well it's actually much better when we 00:02:07

have the uh we have two more people there blast and uh and maita are coming through okay i'll 00:02:12

think it's uh yeah um so for example Beatriz uh I think she uh she set her image on 00:02:22

uh hold on one more person waiting okay hello Blas welcome in you look so professional 00:02:32

can you actually we can't hear you you need to unmute your microphone 00:02:42

if there you go yeah you're welcome it's okay no no perfect it's perfect it's like 00:02:48

well we are we are learning how to do this so it's okay we have some problems to begin with 00:02:59

okay so guys uh you will notice that when you get into the interface uh you have a control 00:03:05

bar at the in the lower part of the window at the bottom of the window and there's where you 00:03:12

can mute and unmute your microphone or where you can uh share your your i mean activate or 00:03:17

deactivate your uh your webcam and so on okay typically the last person who has spoken is the 00:03:24

one who will become who will take the bigger screen in the in the interface uh and this this 00:03:30

is the program that makes it uh automatically okay uh and yeah there is also a chat here on 00:03:37

right hand side that you can that you can open up all right uh like in the in the dashboard there 00:03:44

there is an option chat that you can also use and um and i think that's about it okay we have two 00:03:52

more people waiting to join let me let me allow them in i can see my mouse here we are okay so 00:03:58

terrific because last day was only like six of us okay but now we are getting better okay 00:04:07

all right uh some of you for some of you hello ricardo ricardo was with us last day as well 00:04:13

uh diana can we listen to you today or not i hope so oh yes we can yes we can terrific that 00:04:20

was yeah to fix some gadgets i don't know sorry for last week no it's okay i mean it's it was a 00:04:28

best effort basis in the sense that we were trying you know uh best thing we could okay 00:04:36

so I think we are pretty much ready I'm very happy to see so many of you 00:04:41

connected at this time so this is terrific now yeah just keep in mind that 00:04:46

that if you if you want to mute or unmute your microphone at different 00:04:54

times you can you can use the the bar at the bottom of the window okay if there 00:05:00

is noise where you are at and so on it's better to keep it on mute and then just 00:05:06

to unmute it temporarily when you talk, okay? 00:05:10

And also something that you can do 00:05:16

when you have your microphone on mute, 00:05:18

if you just want to talk, 00:05:21

you can press the space bar, okay, on the keyboard 00:05:23

and you don't need to unmute your microphone, okay? 00:05:27

If you just keep the space bar pressed 00:05:30

for as long as you talk, 00:05:33

it will get through without having to mute and unmute, okay? 00:05:35

so that's kind of uh it can be quite comfortable i figured would you like to try amelia could you 00:05:39

try this i just said of using the dashboard the the spacebar to see if it works about your 00:05:44

microphone now it's not working we cannot listen to you not working for me not working for you okay 00:05:49

well i have to manually um mute and unmute right okay well we'll keep trying okay maybe depends 00:05:58

hello it works for me it works for me i'm trying i think that it may also depend on which uh 00:06:06

equipment you are using if you are using a mac or windows or linux or whatever it is or a cell 00:06:13

phone maybe it works slightly different okay but uh we'll just get used to this over time i guess 00:06:19

because guys let's be honest this is not going to be solved in one week or two okay yeah i can 00:06:24

see faces i can see your name going like no no this is not right not so quickly okay 00:06:34

what's your impression about this generally speaking what do you think it will be just 00:06:40

a couple of weeks or maybe it will be like this at the end of the year 00:06:45

what do you think guys anyone your name what do you think 00:06:48

i have no idea i think probably more than a month really yeah let's see 00:06:57

Well, last reports that I heard, I don't know what you heard or you read, but last reports I heard were saying that the peak of the curve, the peak of the curve, that we could reach that by mid-April. 00:07:06

That's supposedly when we're going to have the maximum amount of contagious cases and so on. 00:07:24

So, well, who knows, right? 00:07:32

okay guys so uh now this works uh i i take it that you can that you can all open the um 00:07:35

the blackboard on a different window maybe okay actually i see that many of you already opened 00:07:43

that one up okay still i can share it to you and that's what i'm gonna do in a second 00:07:51

okay so uh yes you already joined most of you are using your names to help me out which is 00:07:56

good. Well, I know that Beatriz is Javier for some reason. That must be your husband's 00:08:05

computer or your son's computer, Beatriz. And now Beatriz is out. Well, we have to get 00:08:10

used to this. Okay. Okay. Well, in any case, guys, let's have a quick round, okay, about 00:08:20

the corona experience. I don't know how you are taking this. It's already been a few days 00:08:30

since uh confinement and i just want to know how you are doing uh with how you are getting on with 00:08:34

life is it are you being able to carry on work remotely are you like with nothing to do left 00:08:41

with nothing to do what's the situation being like for you let's have a quick round diana what 00:08:49

can you tell us how is this how is this going on for you um well um i'm working quite normal 00:08:53

pretty busy i must say actually this week uh so i'm very used to working from home 00:09:01

uh biggest thing is um traveling of course as you as we can all imagine and we're all seen 00:09:08

but you travel a lot diana so this must have an impact on your on your work because you are 00:09:17

frequently going far far away actually this is a very hectic week because i was supposed to be 00:09:23

out in what is for us the biggest and most important trade fair in the business 00:09:30

it was supposed to be running over this week so we are all a little bit like very busy with 00:09:39

all the cancellations trying to keep all the meetings online and so very very troublesome 00:09:45

for the business but so far this week um i've been very busy because of this mess 00:09:52

so i think we will be seeing and facing all the effects in the business in a while not yet but 00:09:59

it's going to be huge for our business because only on trade and restaurants and stores are 00:10:07

are closed at the moment so yeah we're forcing a lot of um 00:10:14

and about your confinement are you on your own are you already hating your family how is that 00:10:19

working for you guys how's it working for you um me yeah for example yeah for me it's uh it's okay 00:10:26

i'm based in madrid but i i think you all know i come from north from rioja so in my everyday life 00:10:41

as i said i'm we are working a lot from home and me personally so in that sense it's okay 00:10:48

but when it comes to family it's it's it's getting difficult because they are away and 00:10:55

you're really worrying and about them and i don't know parents are are turning to be a little bit 00:11:00

more difficult with the confinement so that's my own experience i'm trying to keep them indoors 00:11:09

i was asking because you must have seen these days on your whatsapp groups and so on you must 00:11:16

have seen uh tons of people i mean tons of uh of uh videos of uh you know people going crazy 00:11:21

already within you know within two the two days of confinement and stuff like that so uh personally 00:11:28

for me it's not been that tough at least uh for the time being you know but uh i presume that that 00:11:35

must be different for different people i guess so far for me it's not too bad so i was just curious 00:11:43

what about you blast uh how is it coming through for you are you being able to work are you yes 00:11:49

harder than before, I mean 00:11:55

I have like a different 00:11:57

front to cover 00:11:59

and yeah, I have to 00:12:01

we have been preparing, it's been 00:12:03

like a miracle 00:12:05

a miracle 00:12:06

one week ago we were 00:12:09

telling the students to leave the university 00:12:13

and all the stuff 00:12:15

and nowadays we are running 00:12:15

regular classes and we are 00:12:19

preparing everything, we have been 00:12:20

really working hard this week 00:12:23

but for me it's really really weird that we have been able to do it in such a short time 00:12:24

we are using tools that we had we had we could use in the past but we didn't do it and now is 00:12:29

our common life using this kind of tools like the one we are using now these things and it seems 00:12:37

like i'm going to be able to develop a building i'm building now in another city because it seems 00:12:42

they are not going to stop so somehow i'm really busy okay but it's really crazy i'm working harder 00:12:49

than before because everything is new i have to prepare everything again and yeah it's hard 00:12:55

so you said that you uh you started using tools that you had never considered before right which 00:13:01

is uh i think just because uh when we had regular classes it's faster to work uh face to face with 00:13:07

the students or with other teachers or other colleagues and now I have to be writing all day 00:13:14

I started at eight in the morning I had lunch at three half past three being at home and it was 00:13:19

ridiculous because you know I can't stop anytime but I couldn't do it this morning so I think it's 00:13:28

going to be to become better in a few days but now it's really a huge work this may be an interesting 00:13:33

how would say this 00:13:39

an interesting 00:13:43

outcome of the situation 00:13:44

maybe some people become even more productive 00:13:47

now that we are working this way 00:13:49

you know 00:13:51

some people have to stop working and some people become 00:13:52

more productive we'll figure out 00:13:55

so Jornay what about you 00:13:57

how are you coping with this situation 00:13:59

well I didn't work 00:14:02

already from 00:14:05

Since the 10th of March, I play in front of 2,400 people. 00:14:07

So meetings for more than 100, 1,000 were already forbidden. 00:14:19

So all my activities have been shut down, stopped. 00:14:27

And yeah, I'm at home. 00:14:36

I just practice them by myself and that's it, waiting. 00:14:37

So there's really no way in which you can substitute 00:14:43

or you can compensate for your face-to-face activity, right? 00:14:47

Not really. 00:14:51

Well, they ask us to make a video for Instagram and Twitter 00:14:52

from the orchestra so the audience can follow us. 00:14:57

of us or like they they they are they can be able to to see what we are doing what we are doing 00:15:02

somehow your job is turning into a reality show instead of playing for them you are like allowing 00:15:11

people into your daily practice or whatever it is just to keep them engaged probably yeah that's it 00:15:17

yeah that's interesting that's interesting yeah ricardo come on what about you uh i continues 00:15:23

working every day in the morning and in the afternoon we are preparing a group of volunteers 00:15:33

psychologists volunteers to support people who live alone or who are vulnerable and need 00:15:43

psychological support psychological support i've heard something about this on the on the media 00:15:50

these days but uh i really i really don't know how you can uh come up with uh you know with uh 00:15:56

something so big like getting reaching out because what i heard is that they were trying 00:16:03

to reach out to the elderly and people who was in greater need because they were alone or whatever 00:16:08

and try to call them on the phone and you know keep them i don't know is is it something like 00:16:14

that that you are working on yes we are working calling them by phone because most of them they 00:16:20

are not they have not intranet or they are not computers so they can't connect to do a video 00:16:26

conference but we are doing the support the emotional support by telephone by normal telephone 00:16:35

and also we are organizing the psychological support for 00:16:43

for doctors and the rest of clinicians 00:16:49

that are working very hard these days. 00:16:54

And they also need some kind of support, yeah. 00:16:58

Okay, okay, that makes sense. 00:17:02

However, all these elderly people that, 00:17:05

because I figured if you can call the elderly people 00:17:08

or people who need support is because you have them 00:17:11

in a database already, because you knew them already, 00:17:13

Or have you enabled a way in which these elderly people can get in contact and then start to get calls? 00:17:19

Yes, we have a database with the name of the person and the phone number. 00:17:29

So this is the way that we contact with them. 00:17:36

yeah but they also can call us and uh phone number and we can answer and it depends on the 00:17:39

the needs of the of these people yeah okay okay interesting so maite what about you 00:17:48

obviously you can keep on working and keep your your meetings and so on because you were already 00:17:54

using zoom for that yeah so as you may know i am part of the it department from a retail 00:18:00

company so we are suffering so far so much these weeks right because not only spain is confined 00:18:08

but also all the company has decided to close the the offices around all the world 00:18:17

around the world so yeah we need to allow all the communications for everyone in the company it's a 00:18:24

little bit like uh what uh apple did right they locked down yeah their offices all around the 00:18:30

world except china yeah we have already china looked i'm not sure why but uh yeah we have 00:18:35

already we have still close uh china so yeah it's a bit challenging for us because we need to work 00:18:47

with uh too much pressure at that moment because uh so everyone is asking why this is not working 00:18:55

but uh yeah it's okay so we are pretty confident that we are gonna be solving the issues 00:19:03

in some days so yeah so far so good well we'll have to get used to that and uh we had uh 00:19:11

Beatriz over here oh there she is here you're back so uh Beatriz uh how's your family are you 00:19:19

already tired of uh was it daniel or david david oh we can hear you you need to enable your 00:19:27

your phone your your mic yeah sorry i i had to change my computer and i had a lot of problems i 00:19:35

cannot uh use the the headphones it's okay we can hear you and see you now perfectly so it's not a 00:19:47

problem okay so yeah how's family life because you have your children at home with you and it 00:19:55

was two of them right you were saying or three of them three of them okay so yeah how is having 00:20:01

them around all day it's not easy i am teleworking telecooking telecleaning 00:20:07

tele teaching is very difficult and also there is a lot of problems with the wi-fi at home 00:20:16

and the devices and the so it's it's getting a little bit uh nervous okay so they are they are 00:20:24

getting a little bit nervous okay well don't worry just at least two more weeks to go okay 00:20:34

well they were saying i uh i i heard some uh psychologists and uh and i think it was mainly 00:20:39

psychologists saying that this is also a learning opportunity and a growing opportunity for kids 00:20:47

because they they somehow will have more time and more opportunities to regain their creativity 00:20:51

provided that we lead them in the correct way which i don't know if we'll be able to do or not 00:20:58

but so any more experiences with this hello helen there she is hey i think helen can listen but uh 00:21:02

can't uh talk yeah helen doesn't have a mic okay or is it still not connected well still you can 00:21:15

follow so all right guys so uh susanna silent susanna are you there can you listen to us or not 00:21:23

because sometimes i see your names on the screen but uh for some of you are not sure if you are 00:21:33

really connected or not okay and uh anna could you figure out your problems with the microphone 00:21:37

I think it's not with the mic, it's the camera, which is not working. 00:21:44

I think it's due to the Windows 10. 00:21:48

And apparently I haven't had a camera since I uploaded it to Windows 10. 00:21:51

But I'll try to figure out later on. 00:21:56

That happened to me as well. 00:21:59

When I upgraded my OS, my camera stopped working 00:22:01

and I had to upgrade the drivers as well 00:22:11

or something like that. 00:22:14

Another thing you may try 00:22:15

is just use an external webcam, 00:22:16

one that you plug in on a USB. 00:22:20

If you have one at hand, 00:22:23

that would probably work as well. 00:22:24

Well, it's going to be hard for me to find one now. 00:22:25

Probably, yeah. 00:22:29

Well, it's Amazon these days, guys. 00:22:29

That's where it's working, yeah. 00:22:32

Yeah. 00:22:34

Well, Amazon or any other e-commerce place, right? 00:22:34

Yeah, that's right. 00:22:37

Have you visited supermarkets already since the lockdown or not? 00:22:38

Actually, no. 00:22:43

The last time I went to the supermarket was on Friday evening. 00:22:44

And that was just before I got locked at home. 00:22:49

I've only been out to, you know, like to take the bin out. 00:22:53

But I'll probably need to buy some food tomorrow. 00:22:58

What about someone else? 00:23:03

Any of you guys, have you been to supermarkets already or not? 00:23:05

No, no, no, nobody. You were all scared. You did, Ricardo? 00:23:08

No, I've been in the supermarket, well, not in the supermarket, in a store on Friday evening to buy a screen to connect to the computer, a big screen, because the computer is so small. 00:23:14

And, you know, it was plenty of people and many people want the same. 00:23:30

So there was plenty of people and all of you wanted the same thing, devices, bigger screens to work from home and stuff like that. 00:23:35

It was crazy because the people fight to get these screens. 00:23:42

Also, at the end, yes, I can get one that was in the display because the rest was... 00:23:49

They were sold out. 00:23:59

Yes, yeah. 00:24:00

So you took the one which was on display? 00:24:01

yeah yeah because yes because it was one of the yeah it was the last one i guess yeah yeah but 00:24:04

but i can imagine the before that that uh many people want the same to get a screen but i suppose 00:24:12

that people use the big screens in the i was only saying uh i was only asking because i went out to 00:24:18

supermarket yesterday and uh for me the most uh shocking thing was to to find so many sections 00:24:25

of the supermarket closed down like they i went to al campo okay which is like a big uh 00:24:33

market and so on but the only thing that that you were that people were allowed allowed to get was 00:24:40

uh food and that kind of stuff you know the book section for example was closed down the uh garments 00:24:47

section was closed down and uh and so on and then i wonder like really is this really necessary to 00:24:54

close down the sections that are not vital so if i want to get new socks or underwear i don't know 00:25:02

i cannot is that really necessary i don't know european guys emilia what do you think about that 00:25:10

Does it make sense to you or not? 00:25:16

Well, actually, we have friends who work as doctors and we were talking to them today 00:25:19

and they told us that we really cannot imagine the situation right now in the hospitals. 00:25:27

They say it's very, very serious and we really have to follow what the health authorities are telling us. 00:25:35

so yeah what can you do i mean we'll have to to do without many things that we we have taken 00:25:44

for granted these days you know so yeah it's a pity that we cannot buy like books you know 00:25:53

they will be they will come in handy right now but i guess um they don't want to to have more 00:26:00

staff in the in the shops thinking that they may be putting them at risk so self-service 00:26:07

you know it's like self-service i'm not saying that uh commerce should stay open and that kind 00:26:14

of thing i mean we are not the united kingdom we are not just as crazy because you know people 00:26:19

over there are really getting annoyed at the decisions of their government of not closing 00:26:23

down things and so on i mean uh shops and so on but you know like um hello susanna 00:26:28

just just popped in over there okay hello oh she just went out one second probably she has a shaky 00:26:34

connection or something oh there she is susanna you need to hit the unmute button to uh to make 00:26:42

sure that we can hear you okay like this now there you go yes hello this is the first time 00:26:47

that we can see you and then that makes me happy when there's a new face coming on 00:26:56

makes me happy okay so yes uh actually you were telling me before this all happened that you were 00:27:00

going to be in trouble to come to the lessons because of something i don't remember because 00:27:07

you were taking some other job or something like that i can't remember now so i'm glad that you 00:27:12

that you could make it to this special session yeah all right guys so uh let's go ahead um 00:27:16

I want to play an audio which is about the lockdown it's like a report on what the situation 00:27:24

is in Italy okay it's actually two days old so maybe we could have the same report nowadays 00:27:33

about Spain but let's go ahead and let's work on this okay I'll play the listening in a minute 00:27:38

hopefully you will all be able to listen to it through the program and I just want you to focus 00:27:46

on these two questions here okay what experiences are similar to spain's experiences nowadays to 00:27:52

what we are living and also how are they slightly different because you will see that some of the 00:27:57

things they they say are similar to ours but not exactly the same and also uh they make a reference 00:28:03

to stereotypes i just want you to notice that one and then we'll discuss about it okay so let's see 00:28:10

if i can play this i'll actually because i'm not sure if this is working properly or not i'll play 00:28:16

it once and then i'll stop it okay just to make sure uh that you can actually listen okay all 00:28:23

right let me go no they'll have to uh i can't okay this is not it this is it so i need to 00:28:31

Oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. 00:28:47

You can actually see the window already. 00:28:54

That's the one I want. 00:28:57

And I still have to get a bit more fluent on using this. 00:29:00

All right. 00:29:10

The entire country of Italy with its 60 million people. 00:29:12

Yeah, yeah, yeah. 00:29:17

Okay, terrific. 00:29:18

So it's only me who could not hear. 00:29:19

Well, but I, yeah, I don't know why it's, I'm trying out a new headset. And, okay, I'll just figure something out. Off we go. It's just four minutes. Okay. So listen and pay attention to the questions that we had over here. Okay. 00:29:21

the entire country of italy with its 60 million people is on lockdown to curb the spread of 00:29:40

coronavirus as npr's sylvia pagioli reports life turned upside down virtually overnight 00:29:49

piazza trilussa is usually full of people 24 7 now all you hear are birds to enforce social 00:29:55

distancing the government has shut down all restaurants cafes and pizzerias 00:30:05

the sound of a large mountain dominates the square 00:30:11

there's some human movement in the grocery store along with pharmacies the only commercial activity 00:30:17

allowed federico serracchiani is bagging artichokes for a customer this neighborhood 00:30:23

was always packed with young people. 00:30:31

Now, nobody. 00:30:34

It's totally surreal. 00:30:35

It feels like another world. 00:30:36

Sera Kiani approves the lockdown. 00:30:38

He says it's the only thing that will work. 00:30:40

Along with birds, 00:30:45

it seems the only ones out on the street 00:30:46

are cats and ghosts. 00:30:48

Walking on these centuries-old cobblestones, 00:30:51

you realize they've seen this before. 00:30:54

It was here, along the Tiber River, 00:30:57

that a plague broke out in 1656. 00:30:59

that claimed more than 14,000 lives. 00:31:01

Life in the Red Zone is like being suspended in limbo 00:31:05

between the Dark Ages and a sci-fi future. 00:31:08

In normal times, visitors to Rome are struck 00:31:13

by the near absence of police and abundance of priests. 00:31:16

Suddenly, the priests are gone and cops are everywhere, 00:31:22

roaming streets, making random checks 00:31:26

that people have a form stating why they're out for food shopping and emergency or work 00:31:29

i'm out to report and the only other person i run into is another journalist marina garbese 00:31:37

what's scary about the virus she says is the enemy is invisible 00:31:44

it's like a shark swimming very far below the surface very dangerous she adds we should keep 00:31:51

this metaphor in mind so how are italians handling the quarantine 00:31:57

garbisi says italians don't respect rules that's not a stereotype it's the truth but she adds they 00:32:04

know how to handle situations of great danger because they have a sense of community and people 00:32:11

help each other out but those in need of spiritual help are out of luck masses are suspended as are 00:32:17

weddings and funerals but lo this is the era of the blessed cell phone some priests are celebrating 00:32:24

mass on whatsapp some roman churches are sending out messages the old way 00:32:31

at 8 pm the bells of all the churches in this neighborhood trastevere ring for 10 minutes as 00:32:41

a sign of solidarity and prayer for all those suffering from the consequences of the virus 00:32:48

More secular Italians have found a different way to exercise the corona demon. 00:32:54

Many display banners with the words, everything will be okay. 00:33:02

And there's an eruption of musical flash mobs. 00:33:11

From windows and balconies, neighbors join in song the national anthem, pop, folk, opera, or tarantellas. 00:33:14

All right. 00:33:24

So, guys, you could hear, right? 00:33:37

All right, let's do something. 00:33:41

I'm breaking you into smaller groups, let's say four people per group, 00:33:42

and then you go over these two questions, exchange your opinions, 00:33:48

and then we'll come back into the four group, okay? 00:33:51

let's see if I remember how to do this because I just tried out the other day 00:33:53

for the first time and I'm not sure I can do it now 00:33:58

but a second so I come over here and then we'll do this there we go there we 00:34:04

go okay so you will get a message saying that you are that you you are invited to 00:34:18

to a smaller session okay so just go ahead and start yes good accept those invitations 00:34:24

very good very good very good terrific terrific Susana go ahead click on it on the invitation 00:34:32

all right uh uh hi susanna susanna go ahead and accept the invitation to join a small group 00:34:57

okay i'll give you a couple minutes i just i can just uh yeah so they're they are coming 00:35:30

back progressively i gave you like a few more seconds helen and and then in 20 more seconds 00:36:34

they'll come back okay so i'm the only person yeah you're the only one who finished it already 00:36:39

okay but it's just like 10 more seconds and everybody will be returned into the main room 00:36:47

i i have seen the mouse so i say well yeah and click on before that yeah yeah yeah yeah it's 00:36:51

actually it's it can be one way or the other typically the way the system works is that it 00:37:00

gives you like a one minute warning because it's less it's less harsh than than kicking you out 00:37:05

immediately right so everything is clapping here yeah yeah yeah here also yes well let's go let's 00:37:11

go i'm coming back let's go yeah we can we can take a recess if we want see you back in five 00:37:20

okay back in two minutes in case you want to clap and so on 00:37:28

Hola, Yone. Eres la única que está ahí, ¿no? 00:39:08

No, también está Bea. 00:39:19

Pero, ah, sí. Ah, pues ahora mismo solo te veo a ti. 00:39:22

Me apareces tú en grande, no veo a nadie más. 00:39:25

Ah, sí. 00:39:27

Mira, veo volviendo al profe. 00:39:27

Okay, guys. Some of us will be coming through slowly. 00:39:32

Yeah, yeah, I guess. 00:39:36

I guess it depends on the neighborhood and so on. 00:39:38

Exactly, yeah. 00:39:40

people get sometimes i mean i i think this is a great initiative okay i support it thoroughly 00:39:41

but sometimes i think it's too much it's gonna be too much when you i mean it's only been three 00:39:47

days now four days the most but so it's gonna be a bit hard to to keep doing this every single day 00:39:54

especially if if this goes for longer than than we think well but the thing is that now we have 00:40:01

started it we cannot stop it because yeah that's the point that would be defeatist right they say 00:40:07

okay we give up you know still i see some neighbors that used to be out there and they 00:40:13

were not today so and yesterday either so there there's gonna be someone who who's missing someday 00:40:19

i guess the important thing is that we keep it like we keep it going uh socially globally right 00:40:26

like if one day you don't pay attention to the time and you are like taking a shower or sleeping 00:40:32

or whatever but you know if we are around yeah so uh this is actually something mentioned in the 00:40:37

listening exercise okay is this something that we share in common with italians or something that we 00:40:45

do differently or how is that so anyone i think it's some similarity we have with them or or what 00:40:50

they do that we do as well so it's at the same time it's 8 p.m in both countries yeah exactly 00:41:00

but it's slightly different yeah it's slightly different right diana so how is it different 00:41:06

i think italians they they have at 8 p.m bells rings or for a while in their churches whether 00:41:12

here as we saw we clap that's it okay so what they are telling us is that at 8 p.m it's the 00:41:21

bells of the churches that they ring okay that they told but uh and then they also go into the 00:41:28

balconies and so on but they do different they do different things right not just clapping or 00:41:34

not only clapping but what else what else mayana what else they do when they go on to the balconies 00:41:39

they play music they do flash mobs they say yeah that's it that's another thing they do they do 00:41:45

flash mobs plays all kind of music and you were saying singings and also uh there is something 00:41:55

else that they don't do on the balconies but that they have on their balconies many of them 00:42:03

what is it banners banners yeah you remember what would they say or maybe you know from the news 00:42:07

because we've seen it in italian i guess these days on the spanish news as well they say everything 00:42:15

will be okay or something like that i don't know so i don't really know if it's andara or whatever 00:42:21

but something like no no andra okay perfect thank you so that's uh one of the differences 00:42:29

and now uh there isn't there are more differences so there is something interesting that they say 00:42:39

particularly about rome right and how the how the uh streets uh have changed the kind of people 00:42:43

that you see on the streets did you get that emilia go ahead did you get that how how have 00:42:50

these streets changed yeah it's um uh before the crisis there were more uh priests to be seen on 00:42:58

the streets and no police and right now the situation has reversed and you see no police 00:43:08

oh no you see a lot of police and no priests that's it did you notice the structure that 00:43:14

to use there are more police to be seen that's a very nice structure okay it's a passive infinitive 00:43:20

so there are more police it's a very nice structure which we actually saw in last class 00:43:27

last day we talked about this very briefly okay um yeah and then guys about the stereotypes 00:43:32

the second the second question was about the stereotypes what what do they mention about this 00:43:40

in the video they said that the italians don't respect rules and what that's quite similar like 00:43:44

us similar to us right yeah they said that they have a high sense of community and also a high 00:43:51

level of solidarity okay so yeah so and it's an italian girl right saying that that that they 00:44:00

don't respect respect rules is not a stereotype but that's the truth is with you think that it's 00:44:08

same as us or or you think that we are generally doing well with this what's your impression 00:44:13

because i know there's been some some things on the news and so on but i think we're doing 00:44:18

generally fine i think we are respecting as far as i could see what's your impression what have 00:44:24

you been seeing these days well i think that generally uh people here in spain are respecting 00:44:29

the rules because i am every day i travel by public transportation and there is there are 00:44:37

no much people traveling there's many people right yes and also by the streets for example yesterday 00:44:47

at 9 00 pm in atocha was completely empty and also the subway it was completely empty 00:44:55

I guess so. Of course, we all heard about the possibility of renting dogs that you could 00:45:02

walk out and stuff like that, which is like, it's like kind of cheating. It's good fun 00:45:10

though, right? I am impressed how sometimes we come up with so many funny things about 00:45:16

this. Two things about the vocabulary, guys. There was a number of interesting expressions 00:45:21

over here let's see if i can show you uh if i can show you a couple of them i need to share 00:45:26

this screen again which is which one so guys uh just two expressions over here uh or actually 00:45:36

not even expressions but two words this can anyone oops now you can't see uh you know what 00:45:50

cobblestones are can anyone explain let's read the context along with birds it seems the only ones 00:45:58

out on these streets are cats and ghosts walking on these centuries-old cobblestones it's a nice 00:46:08

sentence walking on these centuries-old cobblestones you realize they are they've 00:46:14

seen these before now think of the city center what kind of the pieces of a stone we used to 00:46:18

cover the streets that's it that's it okay that's it cobblestones which is something like in spanish 00:46:26

is similar to adoquines or piedra right that kind of thing okay so terrific and yeah notice the 00:46:36

adjective okay centuries old cobblestones okay we have a compound adjective over here okay 00:46:42

good and uh there is a collocation here which i also liked which is this this sentence in 00:46:49

in normal times visitors to rome are struck you understand struck over here they are impressed 00:47:00

right they are hit they are struck by the near absence how would you translate that 00:47:06

the near absence of 00:47:13

whatever it is 00:47:15

that you cannot see 00:47:20

total ausencia 00:47:21

something like that 00:47:23

it's like the near absence 00:47:25

la practica totalidad 00:47:27

it's like almost absolute 00:47:28

it's a nice collocation 00:47:31

it's a nice collocation 00:47:35

alright 00:47:36

so guys 00:47:38

oh yeah there was another expression over there 00:47:40

which i don't know if you notice no not that one hold on here okay as well those in need of 00:47:43

spiritual help are out of luck masses are suspended as our weddings and funerals okay but 00:48:00

low you understand this low here it's like uh it doesn't really mean anything okay it's like 00:48:06

an emphasiser that you can use to uh for greater uh surprise okay like alas or alas as they said 00:48:15

okay it's like but lo uh this is the area of the blast cell phone okay like sorpresa 00:48:24

something like that it's not really a it's an emphasiser that we use sometimes 00:48:30

okay so let's go ahead and uh let's do some proper work okay we've been working with the 00:48:35

circumstances and so but we need to go back to the to the list of topics and 00:48:42

so on so if you remember last day we worked on on unit 5.2 the energy the 00:48:47

energy hungry world and so on and the last thing we did was covered the the 00:48:57

grammar section that we have here okay now this is not on a second the grammar 00:49:03

section that we have here and we work on the first uh passive exercise uh that we have over here okay 00:49:12

so kind of the same thing uh let's work on uh exercise six this is on page 57 on your book 00:49:18

okay you are given a text and this text provides a number of possibilities to to be completed okay 00:49:26

what they're asking you to do is to complete the test choosing the most appropriate option okay 00:49:35

it's uh activity number six actually if i do it like this you cannot see uh i'm counting that you 00:49:41

have the book at home right most of you should in any case okay i'm just gonna make it like this 00:49:49

just in case any of you don't doesn't have the book at hand so that you can still do it okay 00:49:56

so let's have uh three four minutes uh working this choose or whatever you think are the best 00:50:00

option for each gap and keep in mind that sometimes both will be possible and one will 00:50:06

be better than the other because of what okay so don't just choose one think of which one might be 00:50:15

better okay so i'll give you a couple minutes uh and then i'll put you in small groups so that you 00:50:21

can compare your opinions about this okay actually let me try something let me try something about 00:50:29

the program because i'm not sure how this works and it's a good opportunity to figure it out 00:50:34

i'm going to break you into smaller groups now and i want you to tell me later if you could still 00:50:38

see the shared screen or not okay i don't know if when i break you into smaller groups you can 00:50:44

still see the shared screen or if that goes away and you can only see each other okay because you 00:50:49

have the book and it's not a problem i'm gonna break you anyhow and then uh and then you no i 00:50:55

you i think you cannot see the screen when i break you into groups 00:51:02

now could you when we did it before could you see the share screen or not 00:51:05

no it was only it was only because i think like in order to break you into 00:51:09

groups i need to cancel the shared screen and that is what it 00:51:13

allows me to break you into groups so so i'll leave it like this 00:51:16

okay i'll give you a couple minutes and then i will probably put you all 00:51:21

together 00:51:24

you 00:52:27

are we there guys so we try and compare our our um opinions on this okay 00:54:20

right okay if i can do this oh yes okay so uh yeah uh blast what would you choose for the first one 00:55:53

for the first one i think both are possible no both are possible both would be grammatically 00:56:01

correct okay and actually uh there is not one which is clearly preferable to the other one 00:56:09

okay because let me this is a spoiler if you jump to the last one for a second actually can 00:56:17

you see like a red spotlight when i move my mouse around yes terrific i'm trying this out now so 00:56:24

when it says like the last one number seven which says this salt is used in turn to heat water 00:56:30

creating a stream that dries blah blah blah this is grammatically correct and they use this salt 00:56:36

in turn to heat water it will also be grammatically correct okay but we understand that this is not 00:56:43

like the proper thing to use over here and which is example the last one is the perfect example 00:56:50

for a passive sentence okay because this they is not specified okay so my point here is that 00:56:55

with some of your questions here both are grammatically fine but one of them would not 00:57:01

be used okay however if we come to the very first example both are grammatically fine and both can 00:57:06

be used equally only that your meaning not your meaning but your emphasis is slightly different 00:57:14

so when i when i give out the first sentence millions of homes across europe could be powered 00:57:21

by african sunshine the electricity generated blah blah blah and i keep on okay uh or african 00:57:27

sunshine could power millions of homes across europe by 2020 so what's the difference then 00:57:34

okay where is the where is the bigger surprise or where is the heavier weight 00:57:40

what which part of the sentence is more important because that's the whole difference 00:57:45

okay and in the other version we have it the other way around we have african sunshine 00:57:49

as a beginner and millions of homes at the end whatever you put at the end of the sentence 00:58:01

is going to carry heavier weight that is going to be like the most important part of the sentence 00:58:07

this is the way the sentence structure in English works okay so you go and we'll see this a number 00:58:14

of times but we go from known to new de lo ya conocido a la información nueva que aportas en 00:58:22

la frase from known to new también en otros libros veréis que dicen from theme and dream 00:58:30

el tema y luego la parte novedosa theme and dream known to new so the first part of the sentence 00:58:36

here is giving you the topic okay this probably reminds you of the exercises you have done about 00:58:43

you've been working on this week about the structure of the paragraph how we begin with 00:58:49

some information and then we develop but we typically typically begin with that part of 00:58:53

information that is shared that part which is already known by the people who are communicating 00:58:58

And then we give the extra, the surprise, 00:59:04

the new information at the end of the sentence 00:59:06

because that carries more importance in English, okay? 00:59:08

Millions of homes across Europe 00:59:12

could be powered by African sunshine. 00:59:13

Y la sorpresa, la parte novedosa ahí, 00:59:16

lo que tú quieres destacar es que es African sunshine, 00:59:18

no que sean millones de casas. 00:59:21

A lo mejor eso, podrías poner otra cosa 00:59:23

y sería menos importante, okay? 00:59:24

Sin embargo, la siguiente frase, 00:59:26

African sunshine could power millions of homes across Europe. 00:59:28

and what you are highlighting there 00:59:32

is that there are millions of houses 00:59:34

not just the solar farm 00:59:42

so the information one way or the other 00:59:44

whatever you put at the end 00:59:45

is what you are paying more importance to 00:59:46

so what about number 00:59:48

what African sunshine could power millions of homes 00:59:50

across Europe by 2020 00:59:53

under a new 12 billion plan 00:59:54

to build a giant solar farm in the Sahara desert 00:59:56

what about number two 00:59:59

what about number two Beatriz 01:00:00

what would you do for number two 01:00:02

well I think 01:00:03

the electricity generated 01:00:06

by the farm will be shipped 01:00:08

it's better for me 01:00:10

but I think 01:00:15

operators will ship 01:00:16

the electricity generated, it's also possible 01:00:18

it is correct but it's more 01:00:20

it is correct grammatically 01:00:22

but it's more clumsy 01:00:24

these operators here are no ones to you 01:00:25

they haven't been in here 01:00:28

they are not 01:00:29

both are grammatically correct 01:00:31

but one of the versions 01:00:34

we would not use because it doesn't add any information i want you to realize how that is 01:00:36

different i keep pointing at the screen with my finger i want you to realize how that is different 01:00:42

from the situation we had in the first sentence okay because in the first in the first uh exercise 01:00:48

the first question here both were meaningful okay however in the second one it's only the 01:00:55

electricity generated by the farm will be shipped. That is 01:01:02

meaningful. The other one is clumsy. Okay, good. So the 01:01:05

electricity generated by the farm will be shipped to Europe 01:01:09

through an undersea cable which will stretch 450 kilometers from 01:01:12

the coast of Tunisia to Italy. Okay, Emilia, what about the 01:01:18

next one? 01:01:22

For number three, from there, it will be distributed across 01:01:26

electricity network to various european countries as far as the uk 01:01:33

correct okay because again that they over there 01:01:37

is it doesn't add any information okay so we would not use that one 01:01:40

okay so electricity network to various european countries as far as the uk 01:01:44

what about the next one ricardo the form uh i think it's the passive uh voice the 01:01:49

the the best so the farm which is known as the tuner farm will be made up of 01:01:59

thousands of computer-controlled mirrors that track the sound so again it's the same thing 01:02:06

okay people know it's not it's not giving you information so you have uh which is known okay 01:02:10

uh what about the second part of the sentence it's computer-controlled mirrors that track 01:02:17

the sound and she's dubious you need to activate your microphone hi sorry yeah it's okay 01:02:23

i would just reflect the light why would you do that why i don't know it sounds better 01:02:35

sounds better right also this uh sentence is in the active and there is a subject the doer 01:02:43

of the action is there okay it will make a thousands of thousands of computer control 01:02:51

mirrors will track the sand and then will reflect the light back towards the central tower 01:02:56

okay so you have the the doer the subject is there so instead of having the passive voice 01:03:04

you have the active voice that's why it sounds better okay because the subject is there thousands 01:03:10

of computer controlled mirrors will track the sand and will reflect the light okay that's the 01:03:16

reason why uh towards the center uh diana what about the next one here what would you choose 01:03:22

for number six Diana yeah hey here and I think I choose first one yeah here pipes 01:03:36

filled with salt are heated that would be correct but consider the other one do 01:03:42

we have the same amount of information is it relevant to know who or what is 01:03:54

is heating the the pipes might be right 01:04:01

pipes filled with salt are heated 01:04:18

eso está gramáticamente bien gramaticalmente bien pero no te dice quien lo calienta no 01:04:21

Sin embargo, si usas la siguiente frase, the light heats pipes filled with salt. 01:04:26

Aquí sí que es importante saber quién lo hace. 01:04:35

You know what I mean? 01:04:37

Because it's not like, this is precisely the gist of the discovery or the device, 01:04:39

that it is this African sunshine, the light that gets the process. 01:04:44

So even if both would be grammatically fine, in this case, 01:04:49

the one that contains the subject, the light, gives you more information. 01:04:53

Information that is relevant, okay? It's not like what we have before here, like 01:04:57

they, un they que no se refería a nadie en concreto. O operators, pero no te decía nada de ellos. 01:05:01

No, no sé si se ve la diferencia. Aquí the light es información importante, entonces sería 01:05:08

mejor mantener eso, okay? So pipes, so here the light hits pipes filled with 01:05:13

salt and then this salt is used in turn to heat water creating the streams blah blah blah blah 01:05:21

okay okay guys so this is this is like a an introduction to how sometimes uh we can have 01:05:30

different grammar things for for an expression for a sentence and they may both be correct but 01:05:45

the emphasis, the actual implied meaning is different. This is precisely what we 01:05:50

are seeing now with the n-weight grammar thing, okay? So you are still seeing the 01:05:56

textbook, right? You are not seeing the, okay, so I need to change this because I 01:06:09

keep going from one window to the other and I'm not sure if you were following 01:06:14

or not. Now you are back here, okay? So this is what we call n-weight and I'm 01:06:17

going to give you more examples about how the place where we put the information how the how 01:06:23

where we place the information in the sentence is important in english let's consider a number 01:06:29

of examples okay let me make it a bit bigger for you hold on ah i'm struggling here okay that 01:06:34

should be better can you read it all right guys yeah so the idea here is what we have at the top 01:06:50

okay important information important information last okay that's the gist that's the main idea 01:07:01

okay when we communicate we organize information in different ways okay and typically the information 01:07:12

goes from known de lo que ya sabemos a lo que es nuevo okay from low to high information value is 01:07:20

another way of saying it okay asi que empezamos la frase con algo que ya se ha mencionado or something 01:07:27

that we are already familiar with yes it's only for passive or for any kind of structure all kind 01:07:32

of structures all kind of structures sometimes this happens more naturally with the passive voice 01:07:37

but you will see it a minute that we can have it in in with all kind of structures okay 01:07:43

so we go from what we already share from what is known 01:07:48

Vamos de lo conocido al departure, ¿no? 01:07:52

A lo que es nuevo 01:07:55

Entonces, let's look into these examples 01:07:55

How is Joe these days? 01:07:58

Te pregunta alguien 01:07:59

Entonces lo normal es que te digas 01:08:00

Oh, he's fine 01:08:02

He's just got married to a very nice girl 01:08:03

Y aquí en realidad estás usando una pasiva 01:08:06

O un verbo pronominal, ¿no? 01:08:07

Got married 01:08:10

Y eso es lo normal 01:08:11

Porque te han preguntado por Joe 01:08:12

Entonces empiezas tu respuesta por Joe 01:08:14

¿Ok? 01:08:16

No vas a decir 01:08:17

No vas a decir 01:08:18

A very nice girl just got married to him 01:08:19

A ver, podrías decir esto si hubieras estado hablando de very nice girls, ¿ok? Pero no, tú estabas hablando de Joe, entonces lo normal es que digas eso. Another example, she met another rich man, que es mucho más normal que decir another rich man met her, ¿ok? 01:08:22

Yo creo que el ejemplo de Sally se ve incluso mejor 01:08:40

Aquí es más común con la pasiva 01:08:44

Sally was beaten by a dog 01:08:46

Eso es mucho más normal 01:08:48

En un contexto habitual que decir 01:08:49

A dog beat Sally 01:08:51

¿Correcto? 01:08:53

Porque el perro 01:08:55

Está sin especificar, digamos, tal 01:08:56

A quien se supone que nosotros conocemos 01:08:59

O de quien estamos hablando es de Sally 01:09:00

Entonces ahí es más la pasiva 01:09:02

Y empiezas diciendo 01:09:05

Sally was beaten by a dog 01:09:06

vas de la parte de información que ya conoces 01:09:07

de lo que es compartido, en este caso, Sully 01:09:11

a lo que es novedoso, que es 01:09:12

que was beaten by a dog 01:09:14

sin embargo, en la frase de abajo 01:09:16

se ve muy bien una situación similar 01:09:19

en la que un perro muerde a un hombre 01:09:21

our dog beats the postman 01:09:22

y eso es mucho más 01:09:25

normal que decir 01:09:27

the postman was beaten by our dog 01:09:28

la acción que tenemos en las dos 01:09:30

frases, como veis, es la misma 01:09:33

hay un perro que muerde a alguien 01:09:34

Pero claro, en función de si tú conoces a la persona 01:09:36

o de si conoces al perro, 01:09:38

lo normal es presentarlo de una forma o de la otra. 01:09:40

Do you follow what I mean? 01:09:43

La frase veis que es lo mismo, ¿no? 01:09:45

Sally was bitten by a dog. 01:09:47

Pero, sin embargo, our dog bit the postman. 01:09:49

Ahí está un poco la diferencia. 01:09:53

Vamos a mirar unas cuantas frases de ejemplo. 01:09:55

Entonces, te pregunto aquí cuál es más natural, ¿no? 01:09:59

I've got a few pounds in the bank 01:10:02

or the bank is holding a few pounds of mine. 01:10:03

¿Qué os parece? 01:10:08

First one. 01:10:10

Okay, so the first one, right? 01:10:11

I've got a few pounds in the bank. 01:10:13

That's because you are the one who are, 01:10:15

you are the known person in this case, 01:10:18

the one who's being talked about, okay? 01:10:21

Si estuvieras hablando del banco, 01:10:24

if the bank is a big enterprise, 01:10:25

the bank has millions of clients, 01:10:27

even the bank holds a few pounds of mine. 01:10:29

si estuvieras hablando del banco pues a lo mejor puede decir es un banco muy 01:10:32

grande tal e incluso yo soy cliente ok but that would be a specific context ok 01:10:35

what does Angela live ok pues lo normal no es que digas the bank is opposite 01:10:42

her flat lo normal es que digas her flat porque estás hablando del lugar donde ella 01:10:47

vive no so her flat is opposite the bank so it's about how you present 01:10:51

information let's look down here where it says the order of clauses ok porque 01:10:56

cuando trabajamos con las adverbiales pasa un poco 01:11:01

lo mismo. Las adverbiales muchas veces 01:11:03

gramaticalmente las puedes tener delante 01:11:06

o las puedes tener detrás, ¿no? 01:11:07

Entonces, la idea es la misma. 01:11:10

La información a la que tú le das más importancia 01:11:11

es la que tiende a ir al final. 01:11:14

So, Sonia screamed 01:11:15

when she saw the monster. 01:11:17

¿Ok? 01:11:19

And then you are emphasizing the reason 01:11:21

why she screamed. ¿Ok? 01:11:23

Y aquí 01:11:27

es al revés. When she saw the monster, 01:11:27

Sonia screamed. 01:11:30

And here what you are emphasizing is that he screamed, 01:11:31

not that he ran away, or that he jumped, or anything else. 01:11:36

Do you understand me? 01:11:42

And here what you are emphasizing is that it is when he saw the monster, 01:11:43

not when his boyfriend entered through the door, 01:11:47

nor when anything else. 01:11:50

You see what I mean? 01:11:51

So the information is the same, 01:11:53

but you place towards the end whatever you think is more important, 01:11:55

whatever you want to pay more emphasis to, okay? 01:11:58

This is what we call the end weight, okay? 01:12:07

This is what we call the end weight. 01:12:11

Es el peso hacia el final, ¿no? 01:12:14

De la frase inglesa. 01:12:15

Entonces, I was astonished at the time 01:12:19

it took him to get dressed in the morning. 01:12:21

Entonces, esto, si os fijáis, 01:12:25

lo que se está diciendo es que las estructuras 01:12:28

más pesadas las estructuras que contienen más información suelen venir al final esto que hemos 01:12:30

visto arriba para el perro y para salir es el mismo principio que rige para para todas estas 01:12:37

frases con peso no a vuestra honest at the time it took him to get dressed in the morning es mucho 01:12:43

más natural que lo que es el sujeto real el sujeto real es el tiempo que le está me took him to get 01:12:49

rest in the morning astonished me. 01:12:55

¿Veis que la información es la misma, no? 01:12:58

Y de hecho, 01:13:00

el orden habitual de la 01:13:01

frase en inglés, hemos dicho un millón de veces, que es sujeto, 01:13:03

verbo y predicado, ¿no? 01:13:06

Entonces, realmente esta sería más 01:13:07

compacta gramaticalmente. 01:13:09

Pero, como esto es muy largo, 01:13:11

the time it took him to get rest 01:13:14

in the morning es muy largo, 01:13:15

entonces es 01:13:18

impropio que esté al principio de la frase. 01:13:19

Tiene mucha información para 01:13:22

estar al principio de la frase. 01:13:23

Entonces, se busca otra estructura gramatical 01:13:25

que te permita llevar eso al final. 01:13:27

This happens naturally 01:13:29

when you are in command of the language. 01:13:31

So they don't think about this all the time 01:13:33

when they are writing and so on. 01:13:35

But the mechanism is inbuilt 01:13:37

in their knowledge of the language already. 01:13:39

And this is something that you positively 01:13:42

want to be aware of 01:13:44

when you are writing your own things 01:13:46

and when you want to be precise about things. 01:13:48

Entonces, esta misma razón 01:13:52

de que el peso va al final 01:13:54

lo tenemos en alguna estructura 01:13:56

que ha salido alguna vez. 01:13:59

For example, Magical Margarita, 01:14:01

she asked about this two, three weeks, 01:14:03

no, three, four weeks ago. 01:14:05

And I told her, we'll get to that. 01:14:07

Well, now she's not here, 01:14:09

but preparatory it, guys. 01:14:10

Esta frase. 01:14:14

It worried me 01:14:15

that she hadn't been in touch for so long. 01:14:16

¿Cuál es el sujeto natural de la frase? 01:14:19

Es el, she hadn't been in touch for so long, ¿no? 01:14:22

que no hubiera estado que no se hubiera puesto en contacto durante tanto tiempo me preocupaba 01:14:24

ese es el sujeto 01:14:30

el sujeto es esto 01:14:31

entonces lo que ocurre es que es un sujeto muy largo de así had been in touch for so long 01:14:34

es muy largo si lo ponemos el principio 01:14:38

se carga mucho la frase que en realidad tiene que llevar el peso al final entonces se usa otra estructura se pone un hit 01:14:41

para marcar dónde va el 01:14:47

donde tiene que ir el sujeto 01:14:50

a placeholder, which we call a marker, and then this moves to the end. 01:14:52

So it worried me that she hadn't been in touch for so long. 01:14:57

Moisés? 01:15:00

Sorry, but I can see the hands rise here too. 01:15:03

Yeah, one question. Is it the same as the anticipatory it? 01:15:08

This preparatory it? Is it the same? 01:15:12

It's exactly the same thing. It's two nouns for the same structure. 01:15:14

For the same structure. Okay, thank you. 01:15:18

yeah yeah yeah so and this is an example the anticipatory eight or the preparatory eight 01:15:20

or the dummy 01:15:25

so it's it's one more device of a more general concept which is this end weight thing okay 01:15:25

so let me go ahead in the second link that i provide uh so in this first link there's this 01:15:43

short explanation and there's a few more examples okay so i encourage you to to look into the uh 01:15:55

into the examples over here as well and also the second link will give you 01:16:01

will give you further uh detail okay i've just told you but i think this is this is kind of 01:16:07

complex grammar already guys so it's a good thing that once you've already been like introduced to 01:16:17

it you take a few minutes and you read the all the examples and you let it sink in okay this is 01:16:22

actually something that you will need okay then you will realize it's something that you have 01:16:28

already been seen already okay which is it's new but not so new okay and it's uh sometimes it's 01:16:34

pretty uh it's pretty straightforward okay it's different ways of organizing the information 01:16:41

as we saw 01:16:47

the information is the same but the value you give to each part is not the same it's not the same to say the storm 01:16:48

blew margaret's roof off okay margaret's roof margaret's roof was blown off in the storm 01:16:53

no es lo mismo, el peso no es igual 01:17:00

ok, so we need to be aware 01:17:02

of the different ways of organizing 01:17:04

information and then 01:17:06

and then work 01:17:08

with it, ok, to our advantage 01:17:10

ok 01:17:12

couple more examples, ok 01:17:13

bueno 01:17:16

vuelvo un momento hacia arriba 01:17:18

aquí os da tres posibilidades 01:17:20

¿verdad? esto de la tormenta y demás 01:17:23

the stone blew Margaret's roof off 01:17:25

esa es la frase activa 01:17:27

¿Verdad? El sujeto, el verbo 01:17:29

y luego lo que pasó. Y la segunda que tenemos 01:17:31

es Margaret's roof was 01:17:33

blown off in the storm, que sería 01:17:35

la misma frase pero en pasiva, ¿no? 01:17:37

Ningún problema. Otra estructura que también 01:17:38

se usa bastante en esto 01:17:41

es 01:17:42

el causativo este. 01:17:43

Margaret had her roof blown off 01:17:47

in the storm. 01:17:49

¿Ok? 01:17:51

Esto 01:17:53

Yes. Esto lo vamos a ver 01:17:53

en otra serie de 01:17:57

de de estructuras que se usan para que se usan para rellenar a ver que tenía un ejemplo por 01:17:59

aquí vaya so it's the same thing uh it's the same thing ah aquí está so these structures we have 01:18:06

no a veces lo usamos para personalizar una situación no so it's not the same to say 01:18:25

I've got the house full of children 01:18:32

¿Ok? 01:18:34

Que la has personalizado, si os dais cuenta 01:18:36

no tiene el mismo valor que decir 01:18:38

the house is full of children 01:18:40

No es lo mismo, aquí digamos que lo está 01:18:41

sufriendo o disfrutando 01:18:44

en primera persona 01:18:46

So the information may be the same 01:18:47

but the point of view is not the same 01:18:50

Y lo mismo pasaría con 01:18:52

there are, there are children all over the house 01:18:54

pues no es lo mismo, ¿no? 01:18:56

Esa estructura con have la usamos para 01:18:58

personalizar un poco 01:19:00

So, there's a number of examples over here, okay? We'll get to this over time. 01:19:02

También hay bastantes ejemplos del preparatory it, okay? So, we'll get to that. 01:19:10

We'll see more examples of these and so on. 01:19:16

Moisés, una pregunta. Sorry. No, go ahead. 01:19:20

In the first example that we saw, I don't know if you can go... 01:19:24

This bit? The bit with this handout or the heavy handout? 01:19:31

No, the last one. 01:19:39

This one. 01:19:41

Because it was a passive, but they didn't mention the by, it was in. 01:19:43

Yeah, because you know that one. 01:19:48

It is here. 01:19:50

So, Markov's roof was blown off not by the storm. 01:19:51

Yeah, this is an idiomatic thing. Sometimes we use the typical 01:19:56

proposition for the uh for the passive is by okay but sometimes we can have the agent introduced by 01:20:00

different propositions uh sometimes we use uh through for example uh i can't think of any 01:20:07

examples now can you think of an example immediately if you can think of one you let us 01:20:14

now for example the the the castle was ruined through the passage of time or by 01:20:18

the passage of time by the person in meaning it's idiomatic there is no 01:20:32

really big difference no but sometimes we tend to say it one way instead of 01:20:37

another okay but okay there is not a big is anyone here is a German speaker any 01:20:42

of you here speaks german diana yeah me and paloma okay you know that in german for example they have 01:20:49

these two prepositions for the passive uh by and and through more or less and they use the one or 01:20:56

the other and in in german is systematic like para estos verbos en estas situaciones 01:21:05

se hace con by. 01:21:10

Para estos verbos 01:21:12

en estas situaciones 01:21:12

se hace con through. 01:21:13

Well, English is a little bit 01:21:14

more chaotic. 01:21:15

So, typically we only use by, 01:21:18

but sometimes you'll have 01:21:20

idiomatic expressions 01:21:21

which just take 01:21:22

a different preposition. 01:21:23

Okay. 01:21:25

Oh, she's... 01:21:25

Beatriz is very much 01:21:26

paying attention to the detail. 01:21:27

Very good. 01:21:29

I like grammar. 01:21:32

Terrific. 01:21:35

Then you have a full explanation 01:21:36

over here. 01:21:38

okay so well done uh uh so this is what we'll end weight yes questions or anything yeah sorry please 01:21:39

um where did you take this information because i have different books about uh 01:21:47

arms grammar with canvas and sure have a look like i think i i i read something about one of 01:21:53

my books but i don't remember which one let me let me hold you and and tell you in a sec it always 01:22:00

the the books that i uh use are typically egc you will see it in the name of the book in the name of 01:22:06

the file okay it stands for english grammar course english grammar course okay which is uh michael 01:22:15

swan oh my god yeah it's at oxford okay yeah okay and then the 2.251 is the page is the page where 01:22:28

you can find it okay or the page or the unit i can't remember now and then the other book i 01:22:41

typically use is peu which stands for practical english usage okay which is also by michael swan 01:22:46

i like michael swan by the way not everybody likes him but i like him and i think my practical 01:22:56

english usage is on cambridge i could know it's an oxford as well it's an oxford as well 01:23:02

actually since this is my little library over here so this is the one that i most typically use 01:23:07

practical english usage i got it it's a classic okay yeah i have a classic and i like it a lot 01:23:17

because this guy makes a lot of sense in that he says that uh when we're learning grammar 01:23:23

we should tend to have short explanations and lots of examples it's actually through the examples 01:23:31

that you get it this is heavy in the sense that this one is the second one that i gave you so 01:23:38

this has more explanations but it's not like a traditional grammar with plenty of explanations 01:23:43

and then the other ones the other one which i just told you is this english grammar course 01:23:47

there is a basic version there is an intermediate and there is an advanced which is the one where 01:23:55

i typically take things for you okay this is again it's again michael swan and country walker 01:24:00

uh english grammar course the advanced uh version okay so these are the two that i 01:24:06

most typically use okay happy guys yeah well so i leave you to work on these examples for 01:24:12

for next day and to read them through and again this will come up again and we'll see more 01:24:22

advanced stuff about this okay it's not just like that but there is another piece that i want to see 01:24:28

before we actually uh finish go go over to your book on page 57 we're going to talk about 01:24:33

nominalization. Okay? Nominalization is another device that we use to enrich or 01:24:40

to, yeah, to enrich our sentences or to sift them around a little bit. So let's 01:24:46

go over and see some examples there. It's this one. Why is this not working? Oh, there 01:24:52

it is okay so guys very uh um simply these two sentences they give that they give you here okay 01:25:09

half a minute read them through and and try to answer uh the two questions that that we 01:25:20

are giving okay actually i'm going to uh i'm going to break you into rooms for a minute so 01:25:26

that you can do this in part you all have the book you said right so you can see this at home 01:25:33

which page it's on page 57 what are we supposed to do and then you are supposed to go over this 01:25:36

is on page 57 it's exercise number seven they give you two sentences these two damn it they 01:25:45

give you these two sentences and then you are supposed to answer these two questions a and b 01:25:51

okay this is straightforward it shouldn't take you more than a minute but i think it's better if you 01:25:56

if you if you have a chance to discuss it okay in smaller groups 01:26:02

Thank you. 01:28:21

Thank you. 01:29:40

all right so we'll be getting back in a minute we're back 01:30:13

sorry 01:31:31

yeah well i think it works pretty nice right because it gives it gives you a warning so at 01:31:35

You know that you have just a few more seconds to go. 01:31:44

I'm quite happy with the outcome of the whole thing. 01:31:48

I mean, there's many things over here 01:31:51

which I still don't control properly and so on. 01:31:52

It's working very well. 01:31:56

I think so, right? 01:31:58

It's working very well. 01:31:59

You know that I am the principal of the school 01:32:00

and I was trying to encourage teachers 01:32:04

to use this system 01:32:07

because, of course, it takes you some time to set it up. 01:32:09

you need to make, you know, trial and error. 01:32:12

Let's see if I can do this or not and this and that. 01:32:16

But, you know, once you've done this for a, 01:32:19

if you play around with it for a few hours 01:32:21

and you have a webcam at home, 01:32:24

you are pretty much able of doing it, okay? 01:32:26

Maybe it's not going to be perfect. 01:32:29

Maybe not all the students are going to show up. 01:32:30

Like over here, guys, we've been like about 11. 01:32:32

Maybe in class we would be like, what, 15, 18 at the most. 01:32:35

so yes it's not like being it's not life as usual there's special circumstances but i think it's 01:32:38

also a learning and a growing opportunity because many of the things that we are trying out and 01:32:45

developing now could be incorporated to our lessons to some extent i'm afraid of that because 01:32:50

maybe they discover they don't need teachers anymore or something like that well i'm still 01:32:56

here i'm still here but you can use it no blast i mean it's another way of written well maybe we 01:33:00

don't need such a big building or maybe we can offer more lessons because you know one of the 01:33:11

problems we have is that we don't have enough space at 7 p.m for example you know and you know 01:33:15

maybe there's people who only want to do it this way and we could have teachers with them at that 01:33:21

time you know i think i think we need to be open-minded and consider all consider all these 01:33:27

things i certainly do you have more lessons more teachers are needed also for example that's it 01:33:32

that's it yeah and also you know the guys who were not able to attend we are recording this session 01:33:38

okay the whole thing is recorded so i i what i'm planning on doing is uh uploaded it uploaded 01:33:44

uh to the educa madrid i can't remember the name the mediateca okay and then uh i can i can set a 01:33:51

password i can set up a password and you know if for those of you know the rest of the students in 01:34:00

the classroom who were not able to attend and so on they can give them the password and they can 01:34:06

still watch the explanation and and everything so it's all advantages if we are you know if 01:34:10

if we are open-minded enough about it i think do you use the the um the computer uh camera or do 01:34:16

you need an extra uh webcam me myself at home you mean yes i'm using the computer's camera 01:34:24

only that i have two screens just like you do so my laptop instead of being side by side with the 01:34:32

big screen it's on the side so my laptop is over here on a side desk and i have an external an 01:34:38

external keyboard and an external screen so i'm actually working on the computer but also this 01:34:44

is my good side not the good one but the the best the the less bad one so to say okay so frontal is 01:34:53

not so good but this side is not too bad so this is like these are things that you have to work 01:34:59

out when you prepare your settings for online lessons 01:35:04

oh well you're also wearing a pyjama no no no it's it's uh it's uh well no it's not 01:35:06

it's not but it's comfortable it's comfortable clothes yes and one thing will you send the link 01:35:17

of the previous class yes because i have tried to see where is the record the class but i haven't 01:35:24

yeah because i i think it's not available yet but i can make it i've been i've been investigating 01:35:31

how how we could do that and hopefully tomorrow i'll be able to upload both what we did today 01:35:38

and what we did last day okay perfect hopefully also i'm not too good at this still not too good 01:35:44

at this because i've i've not been paying too much attention to the chat uh i can't look at 01:35:50

places i guess yes a lot of things at the same time you must have noticed uh like to two three 01:35:57

of you two or three of you you got like uh at some points when you were saying something and 01:36:04

there was a mistake over there i went over to the chat and i privately uh typed to you okay 01:36:09

i only did it like two or three times okay because i'm still but again it's a good way of giving you 01:36:16

feedback which is persistent because you know typically what we do in the classroom is that i 01:36:22

repeat after you with the corrected version so if you say something which is wrong i typically let 01:36:27

you go so as not to stop your fluency but then i i kind of repeat what you have said with the 01:36:33

proper language that's the typical technique okay so which is good that works but this gives me a 01:36:39

complementary way of doing it an additional way of doing it which is writing like a little message 01:36:45

over there so that you can see it and keep it with you okay so i think it's all advantages but 01:36:50

we need to work on it okay we have to work on that yeah and i am happy because uh uh there was uh 01:36:55

close to 30 teachers oh really that uh yeah they sign up for zoom at least to try it out okay some 01:37:01

of them are working like we are guys and some of them have tried but still not been able and this 01:37:10

that but but i'm happy about that i think it is the platform that is used for a lot of features 01:37:16

i've i was actually doing research before all this happened i was doing research because you 01:37:26

know paloma just raised her hand i could see that so paloma go ahead sorry i'm taking i'm 01:37:31

i'm taking all these things here i'm sorry oh you're checking out okay terrific terrific no 01:37:39

Now, it's good because it's actually the first time that I see you raising your hand. 01:37:44

Maybe you've done it before, but I was not paying attention. 01:37:48

But now I could see it properly. 01:37:51

I could see the hand over there, which is also a very polite way. 01:37:52

But I think we are doing fine. 01:37:55

Oh, I think we're doing also fine with the interaction because we typically all come 01:37:57

talk, but we are not stepping on each other where it's too frequently. 01:38:03

So I'm satisfied. 01:38:07

And before I get excited about this, let's very quickly go over to what I wanted to show you, 01:38:10

which is the, which is the, this last exercise. We'll just finish with this and this will be an 01:38:15

introduction to it, okay? So, but what we have done with these two sentences, American energy 01:38:22

consumption will, could be reduced if people prioritized, okay? So over here we have the verb, 01:38:26

right? Prioritized summit. And in the second version, what we have is American energy 01:38:32

consumption could be reduced if greater priority was given, right? So there was a nominalization 01:38:42

in the sense that instead of using the active voice, the verb, we use the noun, okay? 01:38:48

And then what we have is some other changes that are made, okay? Instead of prioritized, 01:38:54

we have to give priority to something. 01:39:01

O sea, que hemos pasado de una estructura 01:39:05

puramente verbal, de un verbo en su infinitivo, 01:39:07

a una perífrasis verbal, ¿no? 01:39:10

O a una estructura verbal con un nombre, 01:39:12

de dar mayor prioridad a. 01:39:15

Okay? 01:39:17

So it's a little bit like what we were saying before, 01:39:18

that we have several ways of saying things, 01:39:21

but sometimes the meaning is the same or very close, 01:39:22

but the feeling of the text is different, okay? 01:39:29

Entonces, tenemos esos dos cambios, the use of the noun and the verb, okay? 01:39:31

So, guys, if you look very quickly into the following exercise here, okay? 01:39:40

They have agreed on the main points, but not the details, okay? 01:39:46

Con agreed, pues, ¿qué va a ser? Con agreement, ¿no? 01:39:51

So, probably, we could say something like, they've reached an agreement on the main points, 01:39:54

but not the details would that make sense okay and it's very similar but it's not exactly the 01:40:00

same okay or they decided to restrict co2 emissions from large industries 01:40:06

a decision was made to read to restrict co2 emissions from large industries you see that 01:40:10

okay so tell you what let's stop over here uh because it's 9 p.m already now the advantage 01:40:20

is that we don't have to travel back home we are already there so it's more free time 01:40:29

and more sensible times more sensible times uh for dinner and so on uh we'll get started next 01:40:35

day first thing we'll do is check this exercise again okay and then i'll explain you a few more 01:40:41

things about how this nominalization works and now somebody raised their hand ah beatrice where are 01:40:45

you yeah only one question you mentioned before that you did some research before these things 01:40:51

happened but you didn't finish the the sentence oh yeah because all the platforms the teacher 01:40:59

use or yeah i did this research because you know i before any of this happened i was so keen and 01:41:05

having this thing that we tried uh the other day in class in which uh we had uh maite uh joining 01:41:11

us from home while we were still in the class because i think this hybrid environment is also 01:41:19

very convenient because there will always be people who prefer to come to the school and have 01:41:25

closer physical contact and so on but there will always be people who at any time in the year they 01:41:29

cannot continue attending the lessons or these are that so i was doing this uh research for that uh 01:41:35

because for that you need like the webcam you need a proper microphone that can get 01:41:41

the sound from all over the classroom so i was doing research because of that and 01:41:45

zoom was one of the platforms that we were trying that we were testing to to have the hybrid 01:41:49

environment working finally the one that i used in class the other day was a different one was 01:41:56

life size which by the way if you notice um and when mr sanchez had the video conference with the 01:42:00

rest of the government and so on or with pablo iglesias or whoever the microphone that he had 01:42:10

on top of his desk you know which one that was exactly the same you saw that again exactly the 01:42:17

same model as we are using in class so guys we are high tech this is a state of the art it doesn't 01:42:26

get further than that i guess so i was very happy to i was very happy to see you see we're working 01:42:33

with the very things that are used in the professional world so yeah all right i'm talking 01:42:38

too much uh so i leave you here i'll update a few things on the on the blackboard okay i'm going to 01:42:44

try to catch up with things uh tomorrow over there and i gave you one exercise or two to do over 01:42:51

there it's on the blackboard okay if you have any questions we we can email each other and and work 01:42:57

on the forum and so on okay guys is it does it feel longer than a typical class are you more 01:43:02

tired or anything or i asked you the other day as well yeah no no not at all because of the class 01:43:10

because of the situation we are living but not because of yeah it feels okay okay that's good 01:43:17

okay that's good to know all right guys well enjoy your time of solitude and wake and hopefully 01:43:24

i also saw that susanna was leaving us because she had someone 01:43:32

effective positive case right and so on so hopefully everything all of us and our 01:43:36

and everybody will be as jesus i i know i know you know what i want to say so i won't say it 01:43:44

hopefully this is not too bad for any of us all right guys so see you next day thank you so much 01:43:50

Hey, see you. Bye. Take care. 01:43:56

Bye-bye. 01:43:59

You're welcome. 01:44:00

Come over here. 01:44:02

Bye. 01:44:05

Over here. 01:44:06

Here. 01:44:09

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