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Subido el 24 de abril de 2019 por Isabel L.

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Now, CP printers are available for domestic use, however, before we start creating our computer design we need to know how to draw standardizing drawing and how to do a good design. 00:00:02
So the same is a very complex process, so we need to do very carefully and it is the main activity of technology 00:00:28
Because in technology we create new objects to see our life. And these objects obviously can be something that you change or can be something that you create from scratch. 00:00:50
So, it's very important for all of us to know how to express our ideas. 00:01:10
If you want to ... This is the index of this slide because it's 00:01:20
the introduction to the more longer lesson. 00:01:31
But it's very important that you can understand why you need to learn how you must draw properly 00:01:39
in order to be understood by other people. 00:01:52
And also know papers and instruments and the rules that you need to follow if you want 00:01:57
to be understood. 00:02:06
Some of the rules are explained in these units, for example, paper size, harness of pencils 00:02:10
and types of lines. 00:02:21
And finally, how you can change from three dimensions of real life to two dimensions 00:02:22
in your sheet of paper. 00:02:32
really really important. It is really important for us to understand how you must draw properly 00:02:35
because the first thing you have an idea and you have to express your idea but obviously this idea 00:02:46
you can express using just only a sketch. The sketch is a draw that indeed express your idea 00:02:55
but without any rules. When you develop this idea you usually need 00:03:05
perspective and some rules although you don't use any instrument, just only 00:03:13
paper and pencil. But in this case you can give more information such as the 00:03:21
dimension of the real object and so on and finally you can do a good draw very 00:03:30
very with so with as much intense as possible are very developed is that is 00:03:37
the way that we usually create and usually do our draw properties paper is 00:03:46
is the material the support of our drawing and so we need to use different types of papers. Paper 00:03:58
is indeed a kind of wood without lignin and depending the thickness and depending 00:04:09
the the quantity of here that it also have we have different qualities of papers we can have 00:04:23
opaque paper which is usually used for pencil draw you can also have square paper with lines 00:04:33
graph paper, which is very useful to lettering or drawing when it is very awkward, and carried 00:04:46
paper that is more rigid than paper. Apart from this, to do draw at least you need a pencil. A 00:05:00
A pencil usually has a structural part and a functional part. 00:05:10
The structural part usually is a wooden or plastic if it is a refillable pencil. 00:05:17
And the functional part is the lid. 00:05:25
The lid is a mixture of kaolin, which is a type of sand, and graphite, which is a type of carbon. 00:05:28
Depending the quantity of carbon, it can be soft or hard. We will explain this later. 00:05:41
Rulers are needed to do lines and to measure lengths. 00:05:51
Compasses are the tool to do cube lines. 00:05:59
And the set of squares is very useful if you want to do parallel and perpendicular lines, as you can see in the video in the same post. 00:06:04
Well, a standardization is a set of standards, a set of rules that regulates every element of 00:06:18
technical in general, not only for drawing. These standards are agreed by agency and we 00:06:30
have international standards by which usually are called ESO standards but 00:06:46
these standards are different in the different countries and here in Spain we 00:06:57
have our standards which are called UNI rules and they are writing, they are 00:07:07
publishing by ILO. There are standards, for example, for papers, for other 00:07:23
Well, as an example of standardization, we can have two very important ones. 00:07:34
One is the scent of paper. 00:07:46
We need to standardize the scent of paper in order to store better the drawing and to 00:07:48
urbanize better our shop to do all of this. So the basic one is AO. AO has the dimension 00:07:56
that you can see in this slide, which are 841 millimeters and 1189 millimeters. This 00:08:11
This surface is 1 meter, so if I bend this, I can transform AO to A1, which is the health 00:08:25
of the surface, and so on, the rest of the sizes. 00:08:37
The most important one is A4, which we usually use in our draw, and as you can see, its dimensions 00:08:43
are 210 and 297 apart from a size of paper other important rules is about the hardness of pencil 00:08:54
as i have already said before before um well depending the quantity of graphic is in our lead 00:09:08
It can be softer or hard. 00:09:19
We usually start our draw with a hard pencil. 00:09:26
It's not important to do a very strong press. 00:09:30
This is just only hard because you can use the rubber in order to delete the draw very easily. 00:09:38
Otherwise you can have a not very clear and not very clean draw. 00:09:50
But to finish our draw it's better to use a soft or a medium pencil to do the lines stronger and to get a better quality in our draws. 00:10:00
One of the standards could be the types of lines. When you represent the object, when you draw the object, it's important to use the correct line, the correct type of line. 00:10:17
Although there are seven different types of lines, you just only can use three different types of lines in one draw. 00:10:36
So, the most important one is thick, obviously, because it's for boundaries of objects, and it's the most important of all of them. 00:10:49
It's also important this one for invisible or interior surface and it's also very important 00:11:05
a continuous scene because it's for dimension lines and the rest, well, I can see that perhaps 00:11:15
this one for center lines, focus lines could be important, but not so very important in this level. 00:11:26
Well, perspective can be defined as a way you can transform 3D objects, real 3D objects, into 2D 00:11:41
objects we also need a part of perspective other element which is very interesting also which is 00:11:51
the scale and i think we can explain it better in in other video but this this the the the way that 00:11:59
you do this transformation is quite difficult as you can see and this is the reason why you can 00:12:12
have different types of perspective in this one for example is a conic perspective that is not 00:12:20
very important for technical drawing but it is very important in artistical and also for example 00:12:26
in some architectural architectural drawing you can also have the conic perspective now we are 00:12:34
going to describe the the other perspectives that are very more or less useful in in technical drawing 00:12:41
Well, return to standardization, when you have an object, the object usually has three dimensions, 00:12:50
and you want to represent an object in the paper which only has two dimensions, 00:13:00
The way you, the process you can represent these objects is obviously very difficult. 00:13:08
And one of the ways you can do is using diarical system or diarical perspective. 00:13:20
The hierarchical perspective consists in the orthogonal projection of the objects to the different superficies in the space. 00:13:32
and these projections are called views so you have six views of one object 00:13:54
obviously because there are six superficies, the cube has six superficies and you have 00:14:07
one orthogonal projection for supervising the space, so six, which is 00:14:16
what's European system usually do is to express the six superficies to universal 00:14:31
language. How to locate the superficies? Well there are the more important view of 00:14:49
the widget which is the more representative view and it is called front elevation and you put front 00:15:01
elevation here in the middle of your paper but object also have obviously an upper projection 00:15:10
and the other projection so you have an upper plan which is the other view and bottom plan 00:15:26
upper in the top and bottom so the bottom plan you have to locate behind the front elevation and the 00:15:39
upper below front elevation and in this way you have the other brain and we also have the right 00:16:05
elevation and the left elevation. And you should locate one on the left and the other on the right. 00:16:25
and there are obviously the last one which is here the rear elevation which is here so if you 00:16:46
want to represent an object you yeah you just only need three views you don't need to express 00:17:02
the sixth one and sometimes less it depends of the of the object but you 00:17:15
just only need three no more a obviously they are a front plane and one of those 00:17:25
and one of these, or right or left. You don't need six, you just only need three. 00:17:40
Finally, we have also other kinds of perspective, and one of the most important 00:17:54
may be isometric perspective. Isometric perspective is also an 00:18:06
orthogonal projection, but in this case the orthogonal projection 00:18:16
have the result of the axis of the space and the axis of the space are 00:18:26
separated by the same angle, yes 120 degrees. It is very 00:18:42
important because the lens in the projections are stringent but in this 00:18:55
particular case this stringent is not very important, it is not important 00:19:05
and the dimensions are the same as the dimension of the 00:19:13
object. In the cavalier perspective, it's not an orthogonal projection of the 00:19:18
object in the of the space in the plane, it's more different. So there are two 00:19:29
axes which are more or less the same but the other axis is different and it 00:19:39
depends of the angle of the projection, the dimension can be different. In 00:19:49
technical field will usually use angles of 135 degrees and in this particular 00:19:59
case here the dimension at a half that in the other axis but it depends it 00:20:11
depends on the angle of the projection. 00:20:22
And it is the end of the general knowledge about 00:20:28
this context. We are going to 00:20:36
to study deeply the European system 00:20:42
and also isometric perspective, and the other ones are not so important. 00:20:50
There is another kind of perspective, which is usually called conic perspective, 00:20:59
but it is not important for technical applications well perhaps in architectural 00:21:08
drawing but it's more it's more for paintings and and so on so well the name is 00:21:19
is important to know because it's culture, but we don't use this kind of perspective here in technology. 00:21:27
Autor/es:
Isabel Lafuente
Subido por:
Isabel L.
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial
Visualizaciones:
70
Fecha:
24 de abril de 2019 - 0:13
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES JAIME FERRAN
Duración:
21′ 46″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
1440x1080 píxeles
Tamaño:
604.90 MBytes

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