Endocrine system 3ESO - Contenido educativo
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Hello everyone, today we're going to study the endocrine system and you know this is like one
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of the two main parts we are studying in this unit, okay? So we have started with the nervous
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system and we have explained how it coordinates the functioning of our body and the endocrine
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system does the same so it coordinates actions in our body but it does it in a different way
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okay and we will study today how it how this happens okay so first of all hormones are
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produced in our body in many places they are called endocrine glands and those endocrine
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glands they have special cells which are capable of producing a hormone okay soon in a moment i
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will explain you which endocrine glands do we have but first of all i want to explain you the mechanism
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how these endocrine glands produce hormones okay first of all so we have here let me use
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a highlight that i have here okay so um the endocrine system as i said is made of
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many endocrine glands okay you have it here and when they have to produce a hormone
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these hormones are released into the bloodstream so in our blood in our circulatory system
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okay so here in this example you have these these ones here are supposed to be cells from
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the endocrine system they are producing hormones which are supposed to be these yellow balls here
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and when they produce a hormone what they do with it is to put it in a blood vessel vessel okay so
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they go along with our blood they travel all the time around our body okay so they move with the
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bloodstream. Good. Hormones, they are like a message, okay? So they are like a message that
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moves in our blood and has to reach certain cells. And the cells that are going to receive the
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hormone are called target cells. You have it here, okay? So target cells are specific cells that will
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receive the hormone soon I will put some examples but here in this drawing you
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can see these target cells they are going to receive the message which is
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the hormone okay a target cell is a target cell if if it's capable or if it
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can receive the specific hormone so in order to receive the hormone it needs to
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have a receptor okay so as you can see here this target cell it has this y
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shaped thing in the membrane this is the receptor and the receptor can feel or
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detect the hormone okay so as we can see here a target cell has a receptor that
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can only bind with a specific hormone okay and this message is transmitted
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provoking a response from that target cell good I told you in the beginning
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that the endocrine system works along with the nervous system but they are
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different okay so in this table here you have the main differences between them
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the nervous system works through nerves right we have studied that and the
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endocrine system i just said it works through the blood right so it releases hormones to the blood
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the nervous system uses nerve impulses as we said before in the previous days whereas the
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endocrine system uses hormones okay and the nervous system was very quick we said that many
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times in the past few days it is really quick and but its action doesn't last very long so
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we have an action from the nervous system and it's immediate it's rapid but then it stops okay
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so for example if my nervous system makes move my hand because i'm getting burned
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i do it very quickly but then the action is finished okay the endocrine system on the other
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hand is slow and long term what does this mean we're going to put a hormone in our bloodstream
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and that hormone is going to be there for quite a while okay so its effect will last for a longer
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time so sometimes we have similar effects from the nervous system and the endocrine system
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but the endocrine system will be working for a longer time, okay?
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So its response is longer.
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Okay, good.
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So to introduce the endocrine system, I think this is enough, okay?
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So now I'm going to move on to the next page, if I can.
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Let me just close here.
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Can I move this?
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Yes, good and now I'm going to tell you which are the main endocrine glands.
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You have them here in the middle in your book but the image is not great so I found another
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one bigger so that I can show this to you a bit better.
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So I said we have different endocrine glands and they are distributed in different parts
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of our body okay so to begin with we have two inside the brain the hypothalamus and another
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one connected to the hypothalamus which is called the pituitary gland these two glands are going to
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receive orders straight straight from the brain okay so the brain gives order to these glands
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and they will produce those hormones okay we have another gland here in the neck next to the trachea
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and it is called the thyroid okay thyroid tiroides in spanish i'm sure you heard about it
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then on top of the kidneys we see we have seen this before when we studied the urinary system
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we have two glands one on top of each kidney and they are called the adrenal glands here it says
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adrenal cortex but cortex is the outside part only okay so it is better to say adrenal gland
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I think you have it right in your book though let me see yes adrenal glands okay and then we have
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the pancreas the pancreas we have studied the pancreas in digestion but it also produces
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hormones okay so I will explain this to you in a moment and then we have two
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more types of endocrine glands in females and we are talking in females
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about the ovaries and in males we are talking about the testicles okay and
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they are both located in the gonads okay so ovaries and testicles are endocrine
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glands too okay this is the same you have here okay but it's just the drawing is not so good
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okay good so now i'm going to go a bit deeper into the functioning of some of the hormones
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not all of them i will point you which ones are we going to study and to begin this section
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I'm going to the brain to the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland these two okay the ones that
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are located in the brain and why are they so important well first of all there are many
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hormones produced in here and some of them will affect the production of a second hormone
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so i'm going to put them together trying to make this easier for you and i'm going to select some
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of them most of them but not all of them okay so i have them here in this in this board
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so talking about hormones produced in the brain so both in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland
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we have some of them which are going to be produced and they will have a function in a
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tissue or an organ of the body. And we have four hormones here, okay? The first one is called
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antidiuretic hormone or ADH. The second one is called oxytocin. The third one is called
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growth hormone, and the fourth one is called prolactin, okay? So these four hormones are going
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to be released in these glands of our brain, and they are going to have an action on another part
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of our body. So, sorry, not here. Okay, so for example, let's begin with the first one,
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the antidiuretic hormone. This hormone is the one that makes us not to produce too much urine.
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Do you remember when we were studying urine production? I told you. Our body can regulate
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how much urine do we produce. It depends on how much water we have drunk or it depends also on
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how hot is the weather okay so our body controls how much urine we produce
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and to control this we use this hormone the adh hormone then we have oxytocin oxytocin makes a few
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things uh one of them is to simulate contractions in the uterus it makes this both when a woman is
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giving birth, a baby, so those contractions, las contracciones del parto, okay, contractions
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when a woman is in labor, in labor, es de parto, de parto, and oxytocin is also called
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the hormone of love, okay, we produce lots of oxytocin when we love someone, and not
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only like our partner someone we love but also we produce oxytocin uh for every kind of love okay
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for our children or you know for our parents so it is it is involved in all the love responses
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which is very interesting okay so um it also makes the uterus contract when a woman is menstruating
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cuando una mujer tiene la regla o está menstruando y le duele la tripa también hay oxitocina ahí
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funcionando okay so oxytocin makes all these three things contractions during labor when we are
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menstruating the women and also i said it's a hormone related to uh to love okay so the feeling
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of love to for other people good then we talked about growth hormone growth hormone makes our
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body grow obviously and also our tissues to proliferate our cells to grow and to be bigger
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and to divide so it makes us grow in many ways and i think in the list i included also yes
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prolactin okay so prolactin is here here so prolactin can promote breast development
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when we are teenagers right in women mostly obviously and they also stimulate milk production
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in the breasts but only if we have had a baby okay so women do not produce milk
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if they haven't had a baby recently okay and i think that's all for the hormones that act
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okay which have a direct action on tissues okay so let me remind antidiuretic hormones it works
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straight away on the kidneys and on the nephrons and it makes the nephrons to not produce a lot
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of urine okay so it stops a little bit urine production then we have oxytocin oxytocin works
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in many places in our body and we've talked about contractions in the uterus and the
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love feelings growth hormone also acts in many places in our body probably making cells proliferate
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and grow and then prolactin would only work in women and specifically when we have had a baby
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okay so that our breasts can can produce milk for the baby good so and then we're going to move
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into other hormones produced in the brain this second group and this group is going to act in
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another tissue but they will make that tissue to produce more hormones i'll explain that
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First of all, which ones are we going to study?
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We have this first one, TSH.
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It makes another gland, the thyroid, to produce hormones.
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So when the thyroid receives TSH hormone, then it will produce other hormones called T3 and T4.
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second group fsh and lh this group of hormones they simulate ovaries and testicles
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and they are going to make in the testicles and ovaries they are going to make them produce other
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hormones which ones okay testicles mostly produce testosterone and ovaries produce estrogens
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and progesterone in different moments okay so yeah these are the main products
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and these second hormones testosterone estrogens and progesterone they have another function
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themselves okay so if we sorry if we go here and we go to the ovaries we can see that
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estrogens and progesterone they control the menstrual menstrual cycle and also the development
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of secondary sexual characteristics which are characteristics that makes us look like a woman
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in many ways okay and in the testicles we have testosterone and testosterone mostly makes the
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testicles to produce the espermatozoa okay and it also makes or promotes the
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development of secondary sexual characteristics okay characteristics
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typical of men we can discuss these characteristics maybe next time when we
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are together in class okay what we are talking about nice then we have let me
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see yeah and the last one produced in the brain but with action in another tissue that will produce
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more hormones is ACTH okay so ACTH you have it here it's a hormone that stimulates the adrenal
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glands the adrenal glands are here on top of the kidneys okay good so the adrenal glands you have
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them here the explanation of the hormones it produces so the adrenal glands produce cortisol
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and adrenaline the these two hormones both of them they are involved in stress responses okay
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this is something i have already told you okay so cortisol and adrenaline are produced
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as a response to stress if you remember i mentioned adrenaline already when i was explaining to you
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the nervous system and this is because adrenaline can work both as a neurotransmitter and as a
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hormone okay so it has this it has this double effect okay cortisol is just a hormone so i mean
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like it's not a neurotransmitter and it lasts a longer time okay so adrenaline
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uh lasts a shorter time and cortisol stays longer okay so when a person is very much stressed
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maybe that person can accumulate a lot of cortisol and then maybe that person can have
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trouble and problems with for example with sleeping because cortisol is very high and
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it's keeping you awake okay it doesn't let you relax so cortisol it's actually a bit dangerous
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to have lots of cortisol in our body all the time because that means we are stressed when we are not
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supposed to okay good okay so uh we are just missing one that i want you to take note of
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and this is the pancreas and you can uh now notice that the pancreas is not
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influenced by the brain okay so it's the only gland that i'm mentioning that is not controlled
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by the brain and pancreas makes two hormones the one i want to mention to you is insulin and
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insulin um takes away glucose from our blood and it put it it puts it in our cells so so when we
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have just eaten if we ate for example bread or a big big bunch of pasta or rice and then in
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digestion we have produced lots of glucose okay if we have a high glucose in our blood then insulin
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is going to work taking away this glucose and put it in putting it in our cells and for example
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this works also very much for the brain so that the brain can take up uh lots of lots of this
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glucose that it needs okay so insulin lowers blood glucose levels it keeps it down and well
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that's all it's i know it's a lot but now i'm going to ask you uh for the rest of the class
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to make a scheme okay it is important that you make something with all this information
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so what you can do now is to to make a scheme as i just said and you can make a scheme similar to
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the one i made okay similar to this one but maybe you can complete here with the function of every
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hormone okay so it is important that you know the function of each hormone and if
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it's producing the brain or in another tissue okay okay see you next day and
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you can watch this video again at home if you need it and you can ask me your
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questions and next week okay see you
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- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- Irene Andrade
- Subido por:
- Irene A.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 15
- Fecha:
- 23 de abril de 2024 - 20:37
- Visibilidad:
- Clave
- Centro:
- IES RAFAEL ALBERTI
- Duración:
- 20′ 33″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 2560x1440 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 1.13
