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Research On the ISS - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Connect segment explaining the research being conducted on the ISS and how the microgravity environment affects astronauts in space.

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Technology really is the key to astronaut training and the tools they use. 00:00:00
Right, but what about the research being conducted aboard the International Space Station? 00:00:04
Yeah, and the microgravity environment. 00:00:09
How does that affect the astronauts working and living in space? 00:00:11
Well, for answers we came here, to Building 9 at the Johnson Space Center. 00:00:15
What's unique about the research environment on the International Space Station? 00:00:22
How does zero gravity affect fluids in your body? 00:00:27
Describe the relationship between time in space and bone loss. 00:00:31
As the research manager for the ISS program here at the Johnson Space Center, 00:00:37
it's my job to communicate with scientists who want to do research onboard the space station. 00:00:41
I also work with the builders of the station to be sure it's both a well-equipped laboratory and observatory. 00:00:46
You see, the ISS is about exploration, human exploration. 00:00:52
It's the place where we will learn to live and work in space. 00:00:56
It's where we'll establish a permanent human presence in space 00:00:59
and advance human exploration of our solar system. 00:01:03
What kind of work will be conducted on the ISS? 00:01:06
Research. We will work on improving manufacturing processes, 00:01:09
developing better health care, and researching tomorrow's products today. 00:01:13
All this research will take place in the laboratories you saw earlier 00:01:19
and in the unique, out-of-this-world environment of space. 00:01:22
You see, the microgravity environment and the high vantage point for viewing Earth and the universe are unique. 00:01:25
The permanent space station allows experiments to run for longer times than we used to on the space shuttle 00:01:31
and gives scientists repeated access to these experiments. 00:01:37
This research cannot be done on Earth. 00:01:40
Well, Dr. Bartow, it sounds like a microgravity environment will help scientists make new discoveries. 00:01:43
But how will microgravity affect the people living onboard the space station? 00:01:47
That's a great question, Jennifer. 00:01:52
The human body reacts immediately and dramatically to the microgravity environment we feel when we go into orbit around the Earth. 00:01:53
Remember how you explained being on the station is like being in a state of free fall? 00:02:01
It feels like there is no gravity. That's why we often call it zero-g. 00:02:05
One of the first reactions of the body to zero-g is to push our internal fluids upward in our body. 00:02:09
You see, on Earth, in one-g, our body works to push the fluids inside upward. 00:02:15
All the water, blood, and other fluids don't collect in your feet. 00:02:20
When the body first experiences zero-g, it continues to push the fluids up, as on Earth, 00:02:24
but since there is no one-g pulling down anymore, the upper body and head ends up with too much fluid. 00:02:29
If you've ever seen pictures of us in space on the first day, our faces are puffed up like chipmunks because of the extra fluid in our upper body. 00:02:35
But the body quickly senses this condition and begins to move the fluids to different parts of the body. 00:02:43
In about two or three days, we reach a new point of balance where our bodies have less fluid in our bloodstream than the average person on Earth. 00:02:49
If you return to Earth's one-g in this state, you would probably faint. 00:02:56
To counteract that, we fluid load just before returning to Earth. 00:03:01
For instance, we drink at least one quart of water within one hour of returning, along with salt tablets, 00:03:05
which keeps the water from passing directly to your bladder. 00:03:11
Wow! Well, how else does microgravity affect the human body? 00:03:14
Well, Van, a longer-term effect, which also begins immediately, is the loss of bone mass. 00:03:18
When you lose bone mass, your bones become brittle and can break very easily. 00:03:23
Anyway, only about 400 humans have flown in space, and only a fraction of them were tested carefully for bone loss. 00:03:27
The numbers so far are startling. 00:03:33
Healthy space travelers lose bone mass ten times faster than people here on Earth. 00:03:36
Whether in space for one week or one year, the rate of bone loss is about the same. 00:03:40
Let me show you how important math is when determining bone loss. 00:03:45
The percent of bone loss is a function of the length of time in space. 00:03:49
l is the percent of bone loss, r is the rate of bone loss per month, and t is the time in space. 00:03:53
So far, the data we've collected tells us that humans in space lose bone mass at a rate of 1% per month. 00:04:00
The function l equals rt tells us that the longer you are in space, the more bone mass you lose. 00:04:07
We have values of t up to 14 months, and the function appears linear. 00:04:14
So far, we haven't had any astronauts in space for more than 14 months. 00:04:19
This rate of bone loss could be a problem if we want to go on a three-year trip to Mars and back. 00:04:24
That trip would cause a bone mass loss of 36%. 00:04:29
Our bones would be so brittle, any type of physical activity would be out of the question. 00:04:33
This is not good news. 00:04:39
But the function would level off eventually with time, and further bone loss would stop. 00:04:41
So how do you measure bone loss? 00:04:45
Well, we measure bone loss by conducting tests like x-rays on the crew, both before and after they fly. 00:04:47
Each person reacts differently to zero-g. 00:04:53
So we need to put the data from many astronauts all together and use statistics to predict the effect on future crew members. 00:04:56
We calculate means, medians, and standard deviation. 00:05:03
Our statistics so far are not that good because we have data on so few people. 00:05:08
You see, when you average data from only a few people out of a large group, 00:05:13
the result from those few people may not match the average of the larger group. 00:05:17
However, if you collect data on hundreds of people, like ground-based medical research does, 00:05:28
the average is more reliable and easier to predict. 00:05:34
Because there are only a handful of good measurements on space flyers, our predicted average is less reliable. 00:05:38
We just need to make many more measurements. 00:05:44
We'll also study why we lose our bone mass. 00:05:47
Then maybe we can develop drugs to stop the effect. 00:05:50
In fact, the National Institutes of Health is working with us on this research. 00:05:53
So you see, research on ISS is not only about improving life in space, but also improving life here on Earth. 00:05:58
Well, thanks so much, Dr. Bartow. 00:06:04
You're very welcome. 00:06:06
Earlier in the program, Jennifer and I said you could see the ISS in the sky from your own backyard. 00:06:07
Visit this website to see if the ISS will be flying over your city. 00:06:13
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Idioma/s:
en
Materias:
Matemáticas
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
668
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 16:54
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
06′ 18″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
37.90 MBytes

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