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Animal Kingdom

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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In the first segment of the Case of the Zany Animal Antics, the tree house detectives learn about the animal kingdom and how animals are classified.

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Hey, hey, hey. It's Fat Albert. Well, actually, my real name is Kenan Thompson, but I play 00:00:00
Fat Albert in the live-action film based on Bill Cosby's hit show. My buddies and I love 00:00:24
adventure, but we also love a good challenge. That's why we love the NASA Sci-Fys. If you 00:00:29
want an adventure in math, science, and technology, check in on the Treehouse Detectives hot on 00:00:35
the trail with their latest case on this exciting episode of the NASA Sci-Fys. 00:00:40
Come on out and learn about math, science, and technology. NASA Sci-Fys. 00:00:44
Be sure to look for the answers to the following questions. Why is it important to classify 00:01:02
animals? Which phylum of invertebrates is most common? What are the five classes of vertebrates? 00:01:30
When you see this icon, the answer is near. 00:01:39
What an awesome ride. 00:02:00
Riding across the water at top speeds, checking out nature, and the wildlife was amazing. 00:02:30
Right. Amazing. Come on, Catherine. That has to rank up there as one of the coolest. 00:02:36
You're right. It was cool, but... But what? I've been thinking. 00:02:41
Remember when we were out on the boat and we stopped to examine some of the plant life under 00:02:46
the water? Well, I turned around to see this bird fall from the sky. I followed it down only to see 00:02:51
another bird flailing around in the water, obviously hurt. I mentioned it to our guide, 00:02:57
and he said that on a preserve, they don't usually rescue or help animals under stress from natural 00:03:02
causes. There are no traps or anything there, so the bird probably had been attacked by a predator, 00:03:07
but it got in the way. They don't interfere. I don't know. It just seems like there's something 00:03:12
that we can do to help. Well, we are talking about nature. I'm not sure we can help every animal. 00:03:18
True, but I wonder what we can do. Kaylee might be able to help. She's the expert on nature and 00:03:24
animals. She probably doesn't have time. I think she's working on some kind of project. I have an 00:03:29
idea, but it's going to require everyone's help and Jacob's backyard. Jacob might be hard to 00:03:34
convince. I don't know. Beneath his harsh exterior lies a truly compassionate nature lover. Really? 00:03:40
Okay, so I'm exaggerating, but I'm sure I'll help. Let's contact the others. 00:03:47
I don't know how you expect me to help you with the wildlife badge research with all this 00:04:18
prime real estate just waiting to be developed. Tony, if we build houses everywhere there are 00:04:22
forests, there won't be any wildlife. Of course, you're right. By the way, how's the research coming 00:04:26
along? I've taken some pictures of our state bird and I've identified some poisonous plants, 00:04:32
but I still have a lot of work to do. Well, I hope you have some extra time on your hands. 00:04:36
What's up? I just got an email from Catherine. She said she saw an injured animal in the Everglades 00:04:41
and she and Bianca want to create their own backyard habitat. Sounds cool. Who's backyard? 00:04:45
They've talked to Jacob and he's agreed to use his backyard. I think he's hoping he doesn't have 00:04:50
to cut the grass anymore. At least he's doing what he can to help. Good point. But the question is, 00:04:55
what can we do? They're sure in Florida and don't know where to begin. I'm not sure, but maybe my 00:05:00
research for my wildlife badge can help them. Great idea. Let's start with the problem board. 00:05:04
Okay, what do we know? We know that Catherine saw an injured animal in distress. And of course we 00:05:09
know that animals are a part of the animal kingdom. And we also know that there are many different 00:05:15
types of animals. So what do we need to know? I think we need to start with the basics. If we're 00:05:19
going to make a habitat for animals, we should learn how to classify and identify them. And which 00:05:24
ones we need to protect. So where should we go? Didn't you go on a camping trip to Busch Gardens 00:05:28
with your Girl Scout troop? Right. They take care of some amazing animals there. I'm sure they'll 00:05:35
help us. I'll email my troop leader. Excellent idea. And don't forget, we have to email Dr. D, 00:05:39
Bianca and Catherine, and download a get up and go sheet. You can get your own get up and go 00:05:45
sheet at the NASA Sci-Files website. It may take a lot of hard work, but it's good to help. 00:05:49
I'm here at Busch Gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia to talk with their zoological manager, 00:06:00
Mr. Rob Yorty. He actually works with wolves here at the park, so it should be very exciting. 00:06:04
The wolves are very fascinating creatures, but remember, no cameras, backpacks, 00:06:09
and also don't look them in the eye so we won't distract them. No problem. They look like dogs. 00:06:13
Well, that's because they're in the same phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata, 00:06:20
class Mammalia, order Carnivora, and family Canidae, as dogs are. Could you repeat that? 00:06:23
Well, actually, in your email, you requested information on how to classify animals, 00:06:31
and that is the classification for wolves. But maybe we should start at the beginning. 00:06:35
That sounds like a good idea. We know that there are two main kingdoms, plants and animals, 00:06:39
but we need to learn more about how animals are classified. 00:06:44
Just like for plants, scientists use a classification system for animals. 00:06:47
The animal kingdom is divided into smaller groups. The largest group within a kingdom is a phylum. 00:06:51
Phylum are divided into classes. Classes are divided into smaller and smaller groups. 00:06:56
The smallest group is the species. Why is it important to classify animals? 00:07:00
By classifying animals, we can give each organism a unique, 00:07:06
scientifically accepted name, which avoids confusion. 00:07:09
Why can't you just call a dog a dog? 00:07:12
Well, an animal's common name can vary within languages, also within regions, 00:07:14
even in the same country. Here in the U.S., the mountain lion is also called the panther, 00:07:18
the cougar, or the puma. It's known as a cat of many names. 00:07:23
So how do animals get their names? 00:07:26
Well, scientists look at specific characteristics of each organism to divide them into groups. 00:07:28
The animal kingdom is divided into two specific groups, vertebrates and invertebrates. 00:07:33
How are they different? 00:07:37
Vertebrates are animals with a backbone or spinal column. Invertebrates are not. 00:07:39
I have a backbone. I must be a vertebrate. 00:07:43
Yes, you are. About 5% of animals are vertebrates and are categorized into 00:07:45
classes according to their traits. Vertebrates include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, 00:07:49
and mammals. 00:07:54
Wow, only 5%? Does that mean the other 95% are invertebrates? 00:07:55
That's correct. The invertebrate phyla consists of many different species of worms, 00:08:00
insects, sponges, and even microscopic organisms. 00:08:04
If I were to find an animal in my backyard that I didn't recognize, how could I identify it? 00:08:07
Well, one way that scientists use to identify an animal is through the use of a dichotomous key. 00:08:12
Dichotomous key? I'm not sure I understand. 00:08:17
Dichotomous means separated into two parts. Dichotomous key is a method used to identify 00:08:20
an object by giving a specific set of choices all the way down to the object's name, 00:08:26
or in this case, an animal. 00:08:30
How does it work? 00:08:32
You start out with two characteristics. After choosing the first characteristic, 00:08:33
you are given two more to choose from. You keep making choices until you classify the animal. 00:08:36
If you're looking at an animal, the first set of characteristics would be backbone or no backbone. 00:08:42
And if it has a backbone, then you would keep looking at other characteristics to narrow it down. 00:08:46
Exactly, like the gray wolf. You would start out with backbone or no backbone. 00:08:51
You would choose backbone. The next set of choices would be 00:08:55
fur or feathers. You would choose fur. Go down to the next set would be long canine 00:08:58
teeth or short canine teeth. You would choose long canine teeth and eventually 00:09:02
get down to the gray wolf classification. 00:09:05
They're really beautiful. 00:09:08
The gray wolf used to be endangered in the United States due to overhunting and the loss of habitat. 00:09:10
But through conservation efforts, it is now considered threatened. 00:09:16
It is the largest of the canid species and has the largest range of any land mammal, 00:09:19
with the exception of humans. They are pack hunters and usually feed on mammals larger than 00:09:23
themselves, including caribou, elk, and deer. They also have a very distinctive howl. 00:09:28
You're lucky to have such cool animals here at the park. 00:09:34
We're thrilled, and Busch Gardens Williamsburg is committed to the conservation of all animals. 00:09:36
We have lots of different animals in our park to help teach our guests about their habitats, 00:09:41
behaviors, the animal status in the wild, and what needs to be done to help the environment. 00:09:45
Seeing an animal up close and personal really does make a difference. 00:09:50
Just waiting to see the show. 00:09:54
Hi Kaylee, what a cool vessel. 00:10:13
Yes it is. 00:10:15
It's like the kind used to collect bioluminescent organisms. 00:10:15
You sure can learn a lot about organisms in this glowing exhibit. 00:10:20
Very funny Dr. D. I was surprised to learn that organisms can give off light by mixing 00:10:24
chemicals in their own body, just like mixing chemicals in this glow stick. 00:10:29
Right, organisms that make themselves glow are called bioluminescent. 00:10:33
Did you know that 90% of mid-ocean organisms are bioluminescent? 00:10:37
They use their light to blind their predators, attract prey, and find a mate. 00:10:41
Wow, you really know your stuff. 00:10:46
In the ocean you'll find jellyfish, sea cucumbers, shrimp, squid, and octopus that glow. 00:10:48
And on land you'll find fireflies, glow worms, snails, and click beetles. 00:10:54
So far you've mentioned only invertebrate animals. 00:11:00
Right, we learned that the animal kingdom is divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. 00:11:03
Mr. Yorty at Busch Gardens told us that most of the animals are invertebrates. 00:11:07
Very good. 00:11:11
The animal kingdom has over 30 major groups or phyla. 00:11:12
One of these includes all of the vertebrates, 00:11:16
and there are eight others that include a majority of the invertebrates. 00:11:18
Do you know which of the invertebrates are the most common? 00:11:21
I'm pretty sure insects are the most common. 00:11:24
Insects, including fireflies, are part of the phylum known as arthropoda. 00:11:26
There are more than a million arthropod species, and most of them are insects. 00:11:30
Does arthropoda also include crabs and spiders? 00:11:34
Yes it does, along with bioluminescent shrimp. 00:11:37
Are snails arthropods? 00:11:40
No. Arthropods have a hardened exoskeleton, which you might confuse with a snail's shell. 00:11:42
Arthropods also have jointed appendages like wings, legs, or antennas. 00:11:47
So snails must be grouped with other shelled animals like clams. 00:11:52
Very good. 00:11:55
Clams, mussels, and snails, along with octopus and squid, are all part of mollusca. 00:11:56
Molluscs are soft-bodied. 00:12:01
In fact, mollusca comes from the Latin word for soft. 00:12:03
Jellyfish are soft. 00:12:06
Are they also part of mollusca? 00:12:07
Unfortunately, classification is a little more complicated than just hard and soft. 00:12:09
Jellyfish, along with corals, are part of cnidaria. 00:12:14
These animals have tentacles and stinging cells. 00:12:16
Cnidaria? That's strange to say. 00:12:19
How about nematoda? 00:12:22
That sounds like it has to do with a frog. 00:12:24
Nematoda actually refers to roundworms, which have a tube-like body. 00:12:27
Earthworms are also tube-like, but they belong to the phylum annelida, 00:12:30
which are segmented animals. 00:12:34
Worms sure have some complicated names. 00:12:36
Just wait, there's more. 00:12:39
Platyhelminthiid, which is Latin for flatworm, 00:12:40
are the simplest animals that have organ systems. 00:12:43
And I thought sea cucumber was a strange name. 00:12:46
Oh, sea cucumbers are from the conidromata phylum, along with sand dollars and starfish. 00:12:49
These spiny-skinned animals have suction-cup feet. 00:12:54
The next phylum is very simple. 00:12:57
Finally, a simple name. 00:12:59
No, the name is not simple, but the animals are. 00:13:01
Sponges are part of the peripheral phylum. 00:13:04
These primitive animals have no symmetry, tissues, or organs. 00:13:07
Wow, classifying animals is harder than I thought. 00:13:11
I hope we fare better with our backyard habitat. 00:13:14
Have you heard from the others? 00:13:17
Bianca and Catherine are researching vertebrates. 00:13:18
They made a contact at NASA Kennedy Space Center, 00:13:20
so they should have some excellent data. 00:13:23
True. I'm going out of town. 00:13:25
If I can help, send me an email. 00:13:27
Catherine and I are meeting with Ms. Rebecca Smith, 00:13:29
a wildlife ecologist at NASA Kennedy Space Center. 00:13:34
Part of her job is to monitor and minimize the effects of the space program 00:13:38
on the environment, habitats, and wildlife. 00:13:41
Plus, she knows all about vertebrates. 00:13:44
Maybe we'll get to see some other than ourselves. 00:13:46
Reach around and touch the middle of your back. 00:13:49
What do you feel? 00:13:52
I feel my backbone. 00:13:53
Exactly. 00:13:54
All vertebrates have an endoskeleton, 00:13:55
which is an internal skeleton with a backbone. 00:13:57
They have small bones called vertebrae. 00:14:00
They typically consist of a bony arch that encloses a hole for the spinal cord 00:14:02
and have stubby projections that connect with adjacent bones. 00:14:06
Why do animals, I mean vertebrates, need an endoskeleton? 00:14:10
It supports and protects the internal organs of the body 00:14:14
and also provides a place for muscles to attach. 00:14:17
The vertebrae protect the nerve or spinal cord, 00:14:20
and because it is in many pieces, it allows an animal to bend. 00:14:22
So if an animal has a backbone, you know it belongs to the phylum vertebrata. 00:14:26
But how can you determine which class it belongs to? 00:14:30
You have to look at other characteristics or attributes. 00:14:33
A key difference among vertebrates is how they regulate body temperature. 00:14:35
What do you mean? 00:14:39
The frog and the snake are both cold-blooded animals called ectotherms. 00:14:40
They don't have an internal ability to control their body temperature. 00:14:44
They rely on heat from the environment to keep them at a temperature for life processes. 00:14:47
So when it's cold, their body processes slow down, and when it's warm, they speed up. 00:14:52
What about warm-blooded animals? 00:14:56
They're called endotherms. 00:14:58
Their bodies can regulate heat so they maintain a constant body temperature 00:14:59
even if the temperature changes around them. 00:15:03
Shivering, panting, and sweating are some of the ways 00:15:05
that endotherms can control their body temperature. 00:15:07
Which classes of vertebrates are warm-blooded and which are cold-blooded? 00:15:10
There are five classes of vertebrates. 00:15:13
Fish, amphibians, and reptiles are cold-blooded. 00:15:15
Birds and mammals are warm-blooded. 00:15:18
So once you know if they are warm-blooded or cold-blooded, 00:15:20
what other characteristics can you use to determine an animal's class? 00:15:22
Each class is very different. 00:15:25
For example, fish have fins, gills, and most have scales that cover and protect their body. 00:15:27
They live in a variety of aquatic habitats from saltwater to freshwater. 00:15:32
So all fish aren't the same. 00:15:36
No, there are three types. 00:15:38
Jawless fish, cartilage fish, and bony fish. 00:15:39
Amphibians live in water. 00:15:42
How are they different from fish? 00:15:44
Unlike fish, most amphibians only spend part of their lives in the water, 00:15:46
and the rest of their lives on land. 00:15:49
There are three types of amphibians. 00:15:51
Frogs and toads, newts and salamanders, and caecilians. 00:15:53
Why do they spend time on land and in water? 00:15:56
Amphibians need the water to lay their eggs. 00:15:58
The young are also aquatic for a time before they go through metamorphosis. 00:16:00
Metamorphosis is the process that occurs when an animal changes form 00:16:04
as it develops into an adult. 00:16:08
That's correct. 00:16:09
For example, a frog develops from an egg to a tadpole and then to an adult. 00:16:10
What about reptiles? 00:16:15
Snakes are reptiles. 00:16:16
You want to see a corn snake? 00:16:17
Come on. 00:16:19
Some reptiles, such as water snakes and sea turtles, 00:16:21
live most of their lives in the water. 00:16:24
But reptiles are primarily crocodilians, turtles, lizards, and snakes 00:16:26
that can live on land from birth to death without returning to the water to reproduce. 00:16:30
This is a corn snake. 00:16:35
Most snakes in the U.S. are not poisonous and are actually beneficial to us 00:16:37
because they occupy an important ecological niche, 00:16:40
such as keeping the rodent population under control. 00:16:43
She's cool. 00:16:46
What about birds? 00:16:47
Birds are unique because they lay hard-shelled eggs, 00:16:48
they have beaks, wings, and feathers, 00:16:50
and lightweight, hollow bones that make it easier to fly. 00:16:53
So that leaves us mammals. 00:16:55
That's correct. 00:16:57
Mammals have hair, give live birth, and feed milk to their young. 00:16:58
There are three different types of mammals, the egg-laying mammals, 00:17:02
the pouched mammals or marsupials, 00:17:05
and the placental mammals, which are the largest group. 00:17:07
Don't mammals live in a variety of different habitats? 00:17:10
Animals such as whales and dolphins live in the ocean, 00:17:13
sloths live in the trees, 00:17:16
bats fly around, 00:17:17
and moles live underground. 00:17:18
Wow, I never knew animals were so diverse. 00:17:19
It must be fun to study animals every day. 00:17:22
And challenging. 00:17:24
For example, whenever a new building needs to be built or a pipeline needs to be laid, 00:17:25
we go to the area and survey the site to see what animals will be affected. 00:17:29
Whenever possible, we move the animals out of harm's way 00:17:34
and we work closely with project managers to reduce or eliminate the impacts. 00:17:37
Thanks, Ms. Smith. 00:17:41
Now we need to research what animals need. 00:17:42
Mr. Mario Moda, a colleague of mine, might be able to help you. 00:17:44
Great! 00:17:47
Protecting animals may be more difficult than we thought. 00:17:49
I know Kaylee and the other treehouse detectives are working hard, 00:17:52
but we still have a lot to do. 00:17:55
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
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Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
650
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
17′ 58″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
107.71 MBytes

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