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UNIT 5 MIDDLE AGES

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Subido el 26 de mayo de 2020 por Laura C.

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Hello kids, last week I promised I will record something about the medieval ages for you to have a clear idea of everything. 00:00:00
I will try to do it very quickly and we will resume or summarize the most important aspects. 00:00:10
Look, by seeing this front picture we can have an idea of what this period of time is about. 00:00:18
It is about castles, kings and queens, and who had the power, who were the servants and peasants, okay? 00:00:28
Let's continue. 00:00:39
Look, this period of time is marked by two very important moments. 00:00:41
is when the empire the roman empire fell and it finishes when the discovery of america america 00:00:47
occurs okay so this period is very important or this moment 476 and 1492 it's something or two 00:00:57
periods we have to take into account tenemos que tener en cuenta estos dos momentos principalmente 00:01:08
It is easy to remember because it coincides with the discovery of America, and look, it lasted approximately a thousand years, a little more, this period. 00:01:14
okay in Spain the Romans went out okay because the Visigoths came okay this wasn't called Spain 00:01:27
in that moment but hispania all right and they come from the north of Europe they established 00:01:39
in hispania in 507 okay and they ruled for around through 200 years how are the 00:01:46
Visigoths the government the culture the economy and the religion okay the the 00:01:57
city or the capital city was settled in Toledo okay this was the capital city 00:02:04
and it was governed or this territory was governed by a king okay and under 00:02:13
the king were less important the nobles and the bishops the bishops are the the 00:02:20
clergy okay these people religious people and then we have culture when the 00:02:28
Romans were here they used to speak Latin okay so when the Visigoths came to 00:02:37
Spain they decided to learn a Latin language and they include it okay in 00:02:43
their communication with people who were living in Spanish I will tell you 00:02:49
Los Visigodos adquirieron el latín porque era la lengua que se hablaba en ese momento y 00:02:56
ellos para poder relacionarse con las personas que vivían aquí tenían que 00:03:01
utilizar una lengua común y decidieron aprender latín ok let's continue they 00:03:05
built churches very very very important churches or many ok most of them are in 00:03:11
the north there are many over here ok what about the economy they were farmers 00:03:19
they used to live in villages so what happens if they live in small villages 00:03:26
the cities decreased there were less people in the cities okay population in 00:03:31
cities decreased and then what about the religion so as we said before Romans 00:03:39
were Catholics okay so what did the king decided when he came to to 00:03:44
Spain he decided to convert to Catholicism, ok? Decidieron convertirse al 00:03:52
catolicismo por lo mismo porque ellos cuando vinieron a España o a España ya 00:04:00
se encontraron con que había una religión y entonces adoptaron esa como 00:04:07
su propia religión y el primero o el que se convirtió al cristianismo fue el rey 00:04:11
Who were the muslims? 00:04:17
Well, when the Visigoths were ruling here, it turns out that they came from the south of Africa, other people to conquer Spain. 00:04:23
And at that moment, the Visigoths lost power because they were also divided into territories. 00:04:35
y ellos los árabes o musulmanes decidieron atacar en ese momento en el 00:04:42
que estaban más débiles, más debilitados. Ok, when Muslims came to Spain they 00:04:51
decided to give Hispania a new name Al-Andalus, ok, and they came from the 00:05:00
north of africa as i said before they arrived 200 years after the visigoths in 711 and conquered the 00:05:10
visigoth kingdom they governed for many many centuries until 14 1992 okay almost 800 years or 00:05:20
so all right so um when they started or when they came and decided to establish a new kingdom very 00:05:34
very big right this place or this part wasn't conquered all right but this part that was theirs 00:05:46
esta parte que era de ellos, was divided into small territories, and they were called Taifas kingdoms. 00:05:56
Se dividieron en pequeños territorios para poder gobernarlos, y los llamaron reinos de Taifas, ¿vale? Pequeños territorios. 00:06:05
Okay, how was life in Al-Andalus? 00:06:15
They were, Al-Andalus was governed by caliphates, ruled by caliphs. 00:06:18
They were like kings, ¿no? or governors. 00:06:24
Their religion was Islam. 00:06:29
Muslim people are Islamic, ok? 00:06:32
And they pray it in mosques. 00:06:35
Mosques were very, very important buildings, ok? 00:06:39
Then, what about the economy? 00:06:44
If you have a look at this city, 00:06:46
si vemos esta ciudad, 00:06:48
you can see that there are mercants, 00:06:49
but there are also farmers in the countryside. 00:06:51
También hay granjeros. 00:06:55
In the city, the merchants traded with silk, with rice, with pottery, with gold and spices, okay? 00:06:56
And they used to have this trading, solían intercambiar o solían vender sus productos, they used to sell in the souk. 00:07:09
The souk is like the square, ¿no? Nowadays, era como nuestra plaza actual. 00:07:23
What about the Alcazaba? What about the cities, ¿no? We were talking about them. 00:07:31
They had a souk, which was very important too, and the Alcazaba, which was at the top of the city, was protected with a fortress, ¿ok? 00:07:37
because the caliphs lived here and they were protected right and the farmers 00:07:48
farmers in the countryside they were very very important as well because they 00:07:55
introduced irrigated farming remember that irrigated farming is the the way to 00:08:01
to produce vegetables and crops without taking or paying a lot of attention no 00:08:10
without being the whole day watering the plants they can do it on their own you 00:08:21
water the plant but it does it on its own then what about the products that 00:08:28
that they brought to Hispania, to Al-Ándalus. Ellos trajeron cosas valiosas o cosas que 00:08:36
aquí todavía no existían, like rice, wheat and oranges as well, ok? Wheat is this, rice 00:08:45
you know it. What about silk? What is the meaning of silk? Silk is like these things 00:08:55
that you can see in here es la la seda vale let's continue all right who were the christian kingdoms 00:09:05
well the christian kingdoms came to the north when al-andalus was expanded no when 00:09:16
muslims were expanded they went to the north to the north to the mountains okay and they hide it 00:09:23
Se escondieron en el norte y se protegieron en las montañas. 00:09:30
¿Ok? 00:09:34
What about the society? 00:09:36
There was always a person who had a lot of power and people who had less power. 00:09:39
Desde el que más tenía poder hasta los que menos. 00:09:45
From the king, then the clergy and the nobles, and the peasants. 00:09:47
The king ruled, but in each territory he had the clergy and his nobles and the lords who were in charge of governing in small areas. 00:09:53
And then they had their peasants who plowed their lands and gave them everything they plowed, everything they harvested, in exchange for giving the lords the food. 00:10:07
Vale? What about the economy and the culture? Well, they were farmers, hemos dicho claro a la tierra, so they were farmers, and they lived in small villages. 00:10:22
Imaginar cómo tenía que ser vivir en el norte, montañoso, pues los pueblos o los lugares donde ellos vivían no podían ser demasiado grandes, ¿no? 00:10:39
What about the culture? They were very rich in culture because they spoke different languages. Galician, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan. 00:10:47
And finally, when they decided to move to conquer Al-Andalus, they moved from the north to conquer Granada at last. 00:10:56
Okay, the Christian kingdoms expanded and conquered land from Al-Andalus and the Reconquista, which is the same in Spanish than in English, the Reconquista finished in 1492, when Granada was conquered. 00:11:11
Well, what did the Christian kingdoms do? Well, they decided to recover their lands, 00:11:28
partly because at the top they were folded and they barely had space and they needed lands to 00:11:36
expand. Well, they started at the top and they went little by little reaching the end and 00:11:43
this conquest of the most important kingdom that there was at that time, which was Granada, in the end. 00:11:52
The reconquest lasted quite a few years, look, from 1085 to 1492, well, it's practically 00:11:59
400 years, right? That is, this was not conquered overnight. Well, let's see how this was. 00:12:09
First, they started conquering Toledo, which is more or less here, in 1085. 00:12:16
Then, they continued by fighting, by having a battle of Navas de Tolosa, 00:12:25
La Batalla de Navas de Tolosa, which is very famous, in Jaén, 1212. 00:12:32
This is very, very good to remember, very easy to remember, 1212. 00:12:37
The Battle of Navas de Tolosa in Jaén. 00:12:42
Look, from here to here in 200 years, or more or less 150 years, they were here in Jaén, from Toledo to Jaén. 00:12:44
En 150 años habían llegado hasta Jaén, desde aquí aproximadamente. 00:12:55
Then, on the other side of Spain, for example, the Balearic Islands and Valencia, they also decided to conquer it. 00:13:00
And Jaime I was the person who was in charge of this part. 00:13:08
who conquered Balearic Islands and Valencia. 00:13:14
Then, in another part, another very important city was Córdoba, 00:13:18
and they conquered Córdoba in 1236. 00:13:23
Fernando III, Fernando III, conquistó Córdoba. 00:13:28
And then, at last, or the last kingdom who was left was Granada. 00:13:33
In 1492, it was conquered, okay? 00:13:40
It was finally conquered in 1492. It was the last kingdom left of the Al-Ándalus and the most important, okay? 00:13:44
Well, look, we had said they started in Toledo, they arrived in Jaén a few years later, 00:13:54
then they also conquered Valencia and the Balearic Islands, they also decided to take back Cordoba, 00:14:02
to Cordoba, which was another very important city, and finally they arrived in Granada, okay? 00:14:10
Here it is said that the Catholic kings, who were the ones who ruled at that time, 00:14:17
the last place they were given was the Kingdom of Granada and they stayed with the Alhambra. 00:14:23
And that a man arrived at that time who asked them to sail and conquer America. 00:14:30
We will talk about it in the next presentation, in the next topic. 00:14:39
Okay? Stay with the discovery of America. 00:14:46
Bye bye. 00:14:49
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Subido por:
Laura C.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
122
Fecha:
26 de mayo de 2020 - 21:37
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
CP INF-PRI ANTONIO MACHADO
Duración:
14′ 53″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1366x768 píxeles
Tamaño:
38.56 MBytes

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