Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.
2º ESO/GUILDS IN WESTERN CULTURE - Contenido educativo
Ajuste de pantallaEl ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:
The life of a commoner in the High Middle Ages wasn't easy.
00:00:02
By High Middle Ages, we are referring to a period of time that spans from around the 11th century to the 13th century.
00:00:06
In Western Europe, feudalism was a system of government.
00:00:13
This means the higher classes were royals and nobles who owned land and the lower classes were those who worked on the land.
00:00:16
The landowners were expected to be unquestioningly loyal to the king.
00:00:22
In exchange, the noble was granted control over his land and the peasants who lived and worked on it.
00:00:26
Peasants worked to maintain the land and pay taxes and rent to their lord.
00:00:32
Feudalism was not very beneficial to the lower classes, and there was little chance a peasant would ever move up in the social ranks.
00:00:36
In the High Middle Ages, taxes grew along with an increase in trade and foreign military campaigns.
00:00:43
No single peasant had much of a say about the oppression, but a group of peasants with a common voice was more readily heard.
00:00:48
As peasants, who shared commonality in the product they sold or made, formed into an organized group they became known as guilds.
00:00:56
Guilds created standards for their products and regulations for sale.
00:01:03
Guilds provided a means for a person to move higher in the social class system.
00:01:07
The guild set standards for the products of its members and also for the means by which they were compensated.
00:01:11
Guilds could grant protection to their members against high taxes or rent forced upon them by their lords.
00:01:18
A guild could fix the price of a product and prevent any advertisement or price reductions to stop competition among craftsmen and merchants.
00:01:23
In doing so, the guild not only provided protection to its members, but also to consumers.
00:01:31
Quality standards of the products offered also ensured consumers would not be taken advantage of.
00:01:37
Craftsmen and merchants weren't allowed to trade products with people who were not members.
00:01:42
Guilds also provided care for members who became sick and protected them while they traveled.
00:01:47
Similar to modern unions, they also petitioned for good working conditions and reasonable working hours.
00:01:52
Guilds also helped with the cost of funerals for its members and helped provide care for orphans and workers who became disabled.
00:01:59
Some supported education for its members as well.
00:02:06
At the time, most of the schools were held in monasteries and were only used to educate clergy.
00:02:10
As trade increased and the demand for literacy and commoners for record-keeping grew,
00:02:16
church schools could no longer handle the educational needs of the people.
00:02:21
Some of the earliest secular schools were supported by guilds.
00:02:25
In addition to caring for the sick and disabled,
00:02:29
guilds also helped build buildings and protected barriers around villages and towns.
00:02:32
They provided military assistance against any foreign invaders and monitored the town for criminal activity.
00:02:36
The members were thought to have high ethical and moral standards
00:02:42
standards and expected to avoid any corruptive behavior.
00:02:45
Each guild had its own official charter.
00:02:49
The charter was the legislative grant written by the government that identified the group
00:02:51
as a guild.
00:02:55
In having official status, guilds were able to enforce rules on their members.
00:02:57
Merchant guilds controlled the way trade was conducted in a town.
00:03:01
They enforced rules like bans on trading with non-members.
00:03:04
Some merchant guilds became very powerful, and their members were able to obtain higher
00:03:08
social positions in their towns.
00:03:12
Some held office within their cities while also representing their guild.
00:03:15
As members could climb to the hierarchical ranks in a guild to help their social status,
00:03:19
membership consistently increased.
00:03:23
As the number of members in merchant guilds grew, so did the number of guilds.
00:03:26
The merchant guilds became so powerful that they started to create regulations over unrepresented
00:03:30
individual craftsmen and traders.
00:03:34
The regulations created a need for the craftsmen to create their own guilds to protect themselves.
00:03:38
Both guilds were created to protect craftsmen and traders against merchant guilds.
00:03:43
They worked much in the way of the merchant guilds, shielding members from excessive taxes
00:03:49
and providing care and protection for its members.
00:03:52
Guilds were formed by people who produced the same type of product.
00:03:56
Some of the guilds formed at this time include the following, bakers, masons, painters, apothecaries,
00:04:00
Handlemakers, Clothers, Tanners, and Cobblers.
00:04:07
Although craft guilds attempted to regulate the number of members, the guilds grew in number and size very quickly.
00:04:13
A hierarchy developed to regulate members.
00:04:20
The newest members of a guild were known as Apprentices.
00:04:23
Apprentices were developing skills within their craft and learning the ways of business.
00:04:26
They were given training by the guild along with food and shelter.
00:04:31
If an apprentice was successful, he would then reach the second level of the craft guild and be known as a journeyman.
00:04:34
Journeymen were paid a small wage while they got better food and a slightly higher quality of shelter.
00:04:42
If a journeyman met with success, he could reach the highest level of the hierarchy, the master.
00:04:47
In order to become a master, a journeyman's work had to be examined by other masters.
00:04:53
If the masters approved of the journeyman's work, he could have his own shop.
00:04:58
This would give him the level of master in his guild.
00:05:02
As we briefly learned before, the educational structure was changing in Western Europe in the High Middle Ages.
00:05:05
Crusaders who were fighting a holy war in the Near East returned from battle with manuscripts written by famous Greek philosophers like Aristotle and Plato.
00:05:11
These texts were normally only available to monks who copied them for preservation rather than for education.
00:05:20
Now that secular schools were developing, these classical documents were used to teach many people how to reason and debate ideas with each other.
00:05:25
Education advanced quickly under the classical structure and masters began to form their own guilds.
00:05:34
These guilds were known as universitas, which was a Latin term that meant a group of people associated into one body.
00:05:40
You might think of these as scholastic guilds.
00:05:48
guilds. These groups enforced educational standards on their students and teachers.
00:05:51
This was the beginning of the modern university. Feudalism in the high middle ages created
00:05:56
an unending oppression for peasants. In order to have a better voice and stop unfair treatment,
00:06:03
craftsmen and tradesmen banded together to organize guilds. Guilds offered a means by
00:06:09
which a commoner could increase his place in the social hierarchy. Merchant guilds were
00:06:13
formed to protect its members and regulate trade. As merchant guilds grew bigger and more powerful,
00:06:18
they began to take advantage of individual craftsmen. The craftsmen then began to form
00:06:23
their own guilds called craft guilds. Craft guilds worked to protect its members from
00:06:28
over-regulation and to set standards for the products produced. Additionally, scholars began
00:06:33
to form guilds to regulate educational standards and protect students and teachers. These skills
00:06:38
were referred to as universitas and led to the creation of modern universities.
00:06:43
- Subido por:
- Alicia M.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 158
- Fecha:
- 29 de noviembre de 2020 - 12:16
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES LA SENDA
- Duración:
- 06′ 50″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1920x1080 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 182.77 MBytes