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5. The Holocaust and 6. The consequences of the war

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Subido el 13 de abril de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Well, today we are going to study two epigraphs. This first epigraph, that is the Jews and the Holocaust, as you can see in the title. 00:00:00
And then we will see the consequences of the Second World War. 00:00:07
Okay, so what we are going to study is this first slide related with this problem, this situation. 00:00:10
I mean, the Holocaust, the action of the Nazis trying to end with the Jews regarding to that international conspiracy. 00:00:16
remember that that the nazis were thinking that the communists and the jews were has plot 00:00:25
has set a conspiracy against germany internationally so they need to end with 00:00:32
the jews and remember also that they the nazis has um a racial or uh he wants i mean they have 00:00:39
a racial conception of nationalism so it means that they want they they have this racist idea 00:00:49
So they want to end to eliminate all these enemies of Germany. Okay, and 00:00:55
One of the enemies of course are 00:01:00
The Jews, okay 00:01:03
So let's let's begin 00:01:04
So the idea the key idea is what I have said no racism authoritarianism and xenophobia of Nazi ideology 00:01:06
Let them to commit terrible crimes against those they consider inferior like disabled people slavs 00:01:12
Romani communists or Jews it means so this idea of 00:01:19
this nationalism based on racism is going to make them try to eliminate this 00:01:23
inferior races okay so they are going to consider people that they are disabled 00:01:31
or slavs it means Slavos so people living in Eastern Europe Romani that 00:01:37
means gitanos okay so they are going to be considered also an inferior race 00:01:43
communists of course and Jews too so what they are going to do is try to 00:01:48
eliminate them all so the idea is if they want to preserve the Aryan race if 00:01:53
they want to preserve this race that is the German race that is superior what 00:01:58
they need is to avoid any contact between these people these inferior 00:02:03
races with the German race it means a communist cannot get married with a 00:02:09
German because he's going to eliminate the purity of the race as you cannot 00:02:14
get married with a German too because he's going to eliminate the purity of 00:02:22
the race and so on with the others okay so the idea is they need to eliminate 00:02:26
them they need in the beginning what they are going to do is to prevent these 00:02:30
people to get in touch with the Germans after that the next step is going to be 00:02:35
to eliminate them to kill them okay so let's see there are like two main phases 00:02:41
in this process. The first phase goes from 1933, when Hitler is going to reach 00:02:47
power, until 1939, when the... 1939-1942, okay? When the Second World War is going to 00:02:52
begin, okay? So the idea is, before the war what we have is laws or measures 00:03:00
that they are going to be addressed in order to avoid these 00:03:08
people to get in touch with the German pure race, it means with the German 00:03:12
society because this German society is based on an Aryan race and if they want 00:03:19
to preserve this race these people cannot get in touch with them, okay? 00:03:24
The next step, the second phase is during the Second World War when they are going 00:03:30
to say okay we need to eliminate them all, okay? We cannot, the measures that we 00:03:33
have made or we have taken in order to avoid this this contact between there 00:03:38
between the German society and these people the disabled slavs romani 00:03:44
communists or Jews have failed we cannot prevent all these people to be not to be 00:03:48
in touch with the Germans okay the idea is when they expand to Eastern Europe 00:03:55
the amount of disabled slavs romani communists or you people or use people 00:04:01
is going to increase that much that they cannot prevent this the Germans to get 00:04:07
in touch with them okay so the idea is before the war there are not that much 00:04:14
people this kind of people in the territories controlled by the Nazi 00:04:18
regime as as soon as they expand to Eastern Europe they are going to find 00:04:24
Jews communists Roman is last disabled people that in a huge amount so the idea 00:04:29
is that they are too many so they are too many in order to use the same 00:04:36
measures in order to prevent these Germans to get in touch with these 00:04:41
people in Eastern Europe so the idea is the only way to prevent this contact 00:04:48
between these two societies is to kill them all to eliminate them okay so let's 00:04:55
see how they are going to do how this process is going to is going to take 00:05:02
place so the first thing is the first measure is to persecute and arrest them 00:05:06
okay so the idea is they need to identify them okay so the idea is that 00:05:10
Jews are going to be persecuted and they are going to be forced to wear this 00:05:17
badge on their clothes it means you see this woman is Jewish, this man is Jewish 00:05:21
to this these children to etc so the idea is we are going to identify these 00:05:27
people that we do not want them to get in touch or to get in contact with with 00:05:34
the Germans so the idea is inside the German society we have pure racial 00:05:42
Germans that they are the Aryan race that's the Nazi way of thinking and in 00:05:48
the other way what we have is these other people that they are not Aryan and 00:05:53
they are the enemies of Germany so the first measure they are going to take is 00:05:58
okay let's identify these enemies of the German society first thing is to 00:06:02
persecute them and make them force them to wear this badge in order to in order 00:06:08
to make sure that they are identified and they are not going to get in contact 00:06:15
with the Germans, because if I'm German and I'm part of the Aryan race, I know that I shouldn't 00:06:20
be in contact with them, as soon as I see the budget, I'm going to say, okay, I cannot get in 00:06:26
contact with them, because they are Jews, they are Jewish, okay, again, another example, we have seen 00:06:31
this photograph before, so remember the budget, this is the David Star, okay, again the same, 00:06:39
They were forced to wear the budget, so they need to wear it, okay? 00:06:46
They were forced to do it in order to identify this population as not part of the German society, 00:06:51
even when they are inside Germany, in order to identify these enemies of the German society and the Aryan race. 00:06:59
the second step is they are going to start transporting part of this population to 00:07:10
concentration camps okay in order to do forced labor so the idea is they are going to start 00:07:16
persecuting them they are going to start identifying them but they are going to start 00:07:22
sending some to the concentration camps okay some of the jews that they are going to have 00:07:26
against the nazi regime imagine i don't know a journalist that is going to be writing against 00:07:31
Hitler or against the Nazi regime. They are going to be sent to these concentration camps. Okay, they are going to be 00:07:37
Carried they are going to force them get into these wagons. Okay, these trains these wagons these wagons that they are for animals 00:07:45
They are wagons for animals, but they are going to carry all these people as you can understand 00:07:54
These wagons are not going to have a space enough for all these people 00:07:58
so these people is going to be inside these wagons they are going to be they 00:08:02
are going to stick together they are going to be really close each other they 00:08:08
are going to they are going to the toilet they are going to go to the 00:08:11
toilet inside where there is no toilet so the conditions they were human they 00:08:14
are were against the human rights so they are going to be mistreated okay so 00:08:20
they cannot escape as you can see they cannot escape they are going to be 00:08:26
treated as animals and they are going to be forced to to work to labor to to 00:08:30
forced labor in this concentration camps also another measure okay so the first 00:08:37
measure is to persecute them and make them wear badges at the same time they 00:08:42
are going to start transporting some of them to the concentration camps and also 00:08:47
they are going to the next step is to separate the the people inside the 00:08:51
society it means from 1940 it means a First World War onwards the Jews in 00:08:57
Poland and other countries were moved to ghettos a ghetto is like a neighborhood 00:09:06
inside the inside a city that is going to be surrounded by walls and in this 00:09:11
place you are going to keep these people apart from the rest of the society so 00:09:17
the idea is they are going to persecute them they are going to make them work 00:09:23
budgets in order to identify them they are going to be sent to the 00:09:26
concentration camps and now from 1940 onwards what they are going to do is to 00:09:30
separate the society they are going to split up the society in the free world 00:09:35
in the free in the in the vast majority of the city what we are going to find is 00:09:40
the German people and in these ghettos what we are going to find is the Jews 00:09:45
okay so this is the idea this is a neighborhood there is a fence separating 00:09:51
the ghetto from the rest of the city so that's the idea the Jews are going to 00:09:57
live in the ghetto they cannot leave the ghetto they are going to work in the 00:10:02
ghetto okay and the rest of the people is going to live here so that's the idea 00:10:06
okay so this is the best way in order to separate the populations to separate the 00:10:11
Jews from the rest of the German people separate the Jews from the Aryan race in 00:10:17
order to keep and preserve the purity of the Aryan race so as you can see are you 00:10:25
as you can see first they are going to identify them in order to prevent any 00:10:31
contact with the with a German society they are going to be sent to the 00:10:37
concentration camps some of them not everyone and from 1940 onwards what they 00:10:41
are going to have is these ghettos where they are going to be a they are going to 00:10:47
be imprisoned the idea is they are not going to be free they cannot leave the 00:10:52
ghetto they are going to live in this part of the city that is going to be 00:10:55
divided by fences or walls finally the last step and this is what is called 00:10:59
holocaust in 1942 the nazi leaders planned the final solution the solution final that means the 00:11:06
elimination of all jews it means they need to eliminate them we are not going to separate them 00:11:13
we are not going to identify them what we are going to do is to kill them okay this is the 00:11:19
next step is like a another step in order in this process to prevent the jews to get in touch or in 00:11:24
contact with the rest of the german society so they are going to create they are going to make 00:11:34
them first world badges then send them to the concentration camps they are going to move them 00:11:40
into ghettos from 1940 onwards and finally they are going to execute them all so what you see here 00:11:47
this is germany remember the the germany after obtaining alsace and lorraine part of gelgium 00:11:54
obtaining Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, that is nowadays Czech Republic, and part of 00:12:01
Poland, okay? So the idea is what they are going to do, they are going to create all 00:12:08
these concentration camps, as you can see these are the red dots, are the 00:12:14
concentration camps, and these other, these bigger red dots, are the 00:12:18
extermination camp. If you check, most of them, the vast majority of them, are going 00:12:23
to be in Poland it means as soon as they expand during the Second World War they 00:12:28
started to create these specific camps why because they cannot create more 00:12:34
ghettos they cannot just make them make the use to work budgets in order to 00:12:40
separate them from the rest of the German population what they need to do 00:12:47
is to eliminate them all okay so the idea is we cannot prevent them to we 00:12:52
cannot prevent them to the contact so the best way in order to do that is to 00:13:00
kill them okay so that's what they are going to do they are going to create 00:13:08
this extermination comes where they are going to send the juice and they are 00:13:13
going to be killed straight away they are going to use the gas the gas 00:13:16
chambers in order to kill them and they are going to burn them out, the bodies 00:13:21
and that's it so in these concentration camps what you're going to find is 00:13:26
people that they are going to live very bad they are going to they are going to 00:13:30
suffer a lot they are going to be doing hard hard work but in this case what 00:13:34
they are going to send this they are going to send people and people to kill 00:13:39
them all so they are not going to work they are going to be send there in 00:13:43
order to be killed and in order to be to be executed and then burn out the corpse 00:13:47
okay so they were systematic tortured of course during the journey you see the 00:13:53
wagons they they were they were they were transport in that they were small 00:14:00
they are going to die most of them they are going to die many of them are going 00:14:07
to die in the journey they are going to be hardly dressed because they are going 00:14:11
give them like a pyjama or something like that okay this is the the images 00:14:16
okay as you can see there is not that much space they are not going to be well 00:14:22
fit they are going to be there is going to be young people or there is going to 00:14:26
be other people okay you can see it here the woman in one place the men in the 00:14:31
other this is from concentration camps because in the extermination camps they 00:14:36
going to be sent to die okay so remember these are the type of clothes they are going to wear 00:14:41
okay and they are going to be forced they are going to be forced to to do hard working or they 00:14:48
are going to be executed this is mathausen this is a concentration camp as you can see it's really 00:14:55
big these are the different houses or barracks where the the prisoners are going to live okay 00:15:02
and they are going to be forced labor here okay that's why it's a concentration camp 00:15:10
they were tortured and subjected to medical experiments that is true they some of the 00:15:17
doctors let's say doctors but it's not the right the right word that would be well they are not 00:15:24
doctors exactly but they have a medical knowledge so the idea is they are going to carry out medical 00:15:32
experiments for example if you have someone with brown eyes and the color of their eyes is brown 00:15:38
let's see if i can introduce some ink blue ink inside the the eyeball and i'm going to make him 00:15:46
has the the iris in blue eye of course what you are going to do is to blind his eye you are going 00:15:54
to prevent him to see okay you are not going to change the color of the eye but remember what 00:16:00
they are doing this is just one type of experiment there are a lot a lot of different ones they are 00:16:06
going to be really hard i do not want to explain them because they are disgusting but the idea is 00:16:11
they are mistreating these people because they feel that they are an inferior race so they are 00:16:17
not going to believe that they are human beings so what they are going to do is just to torture 00:16:23
them kill them or use them for medical experiments and finally they are going to execute them 00:16:30
let's check this okay this is the jewish population in 1938 in these countries please 00:16:38
look at poland this is the victims the people that executed in poland almost the whole 00:16:44
jewish population of poland was executed three million people it's like taking almost the whole 00:16:51
population of the city of madrid and execute them all okay so three million people if you check in 00:16:59
the soviet union they are not going to conquer the whole soviet union but in the territories 00:17:08
they are going to conquer one million people romania more than half czechoslovakia almost 00:17:12
everyone yugoslavia and greece halt if you check in western europe italy is going to almost kill 00:17:21
them all, the Netherlands more than half, Germany and Austria more than half. 00:17:29
Okay, so this is the reality, they had this plan, they had the ways to execute these people 00:17:38
and they started to do it. So that is called the final solution, that means to execute the Jews, 00:17:48
to execute, not only Jews, also communists, romanians, slavs, etc. to execute them in order 00:17:58
to preserve the purity of the race, that's the idea, not other thing, to preserve the purity 00:18:04
of the race. So now what we are going to see is the next point that is the consequences of the 00:18:11
war, we are going to see these consequences, we will try to do it fast, okay? So let's see the 00:18:19
basic consequences of this war the first thing is the human and economic losses of course 00:18:27
you know that there are going to be more or less 50 60 million people die okay so these are the 00:18:32
data if you can check the soviet union is one of the countries with more people dead okay more than 00:18:38
seven million civilians, more than 13 million militaries and if you check 00:18:46
Germany is going to be the next and finally Japan but let's see one 00:18:56
specific case Poland most of their population the civilian population are 00:19:00
going to be executed more than 5 million people you know which type of people was 00:19:06
executed the Jews okay they conquered Poland and they are going to execute 00:19:12
more than 5 million people civilians not military civilians most of them Jews the 00:19:18
average is the 15% of the population okay so let's check 50 60 50 60 million 00:19:28
people died okay we are going to see that the Soviet Union is going to suffer 00:19:38
a lot Poland Germany and Japan are the four main countries but let's check this 00:19:41
graph please if you check is true the Soviet Union is going to have a lot of 00:19:46
casualties almost 24 million if you check Germany too if you check Japan too 00:19:53
if we compare it with the other countries even France has less than 00:19:58
Japan or or Germany or if we go to the UK okay that most of them are going to 00:20:03
be military. But I want to point out something here. China. China is going to suffer the 00:20:09
Japanese occupation, and most of its population is going to be civilians. Millions of millions 00:20:19
of people executed by the Japanese. Please, keep this in mind. When we are talking about 00:20:28
the second world war not only germany is going to carry out a holocaust or a massacre the japanese 00:20:36
in china are going to carry out also a huge massacre of civilians okay if you check a lot 00:20:46
of civilians millions and millions of civilians please it's really important to keep this in mind 00:20:53
these are the civilians these are the military so most of them okay please most of them are going to 00:21:01
be civilians millions of millions more than 12 more than 14 million people dead only and they 00:21:08
are only civilians okay it's really important so the idea is in china they are going to suffer a 00:21:16
lot they are going to suffer this specific holocaust holocaust is a world related with 00:21:24
the jews in this case they are not executing jews they are executing the chinese why they are 00:21:29
executing the civilians the chinese civilians because the japanese as well as the germans 00:21:35
feel that they are a superior race so the chinese are an inferior race so they are they have the 00:21:41
right to kill them all if they want to okay so they are going to start executing people 00:21:48
in many different ways, okay? And there are going to be a lot of casualties. I'm not going to explain 00:21:54
the different atrocities they are going to carry out there, but a lot. Believe me, a lot, okay? 00:22:01
So in China, China is going to be the second country with more casualties during the 00:22:07
Second World War after the Soviet Union. So more than 15% were civilians, while in the First World 00:22:13
War only 5% were civilians. So there is a huge change between the First World War and the Second 00:22:20
world war in the first world war five percent were civilians in the in the second world war 00:22:25
50 more than 50 percent so the population the civilian population is going to suffer more than 00:22:29
the military during this second world war if we compare it with the first world war or any other 00:22:36
type of war in history so also there are going to be population displacements it means exodus okay 00:22:41
the population is going to run away or they are going to be forced to move from one place to 00:22:48
another okay the nazis are going to start conquering territory so the population is 00:22:52
going to run away from these territories okay also the the germans are going to force people 00:22:57
to move from one place to the other if you take the the jews in poland and you send them to a 00:23:06
concentration camp in germany you are making they you are forcing them to move to a different place 00:23:13
So those are population displacements, desplazamientos de población, it means 30 million displaced Europeans, 30 million people, it's like moving almost the whole population nowadays in Spain, out of Spain, imagine the Iberian Peninsula empty, no people in the Iberian Peninsula because they have been moved to a different place, ok? 00:23:19
remember they are going to expand the Germans to the Western Europe Northern Europe and Eastern 00:23:44
Europe so they are going to make population to move or they are going to or they are going to 00:23:53
scare the population and they are going to run away also here in Japan okay in Asia is going 00:24:00
to be the same okay the population is going to be if deported is going to is going to be forced to 00:24:07
move to a different place or this population is going to is going to run 00:24:14
away from the advance of the Japanese or German and Italian troops so during the 00:24:20
conflict we are going to see these deportations okay and during the post 00:24:28
war period remember these prisoners these people that they have been 00:24:32
deported are going to come back to their countries so the idea is after the Second 00:24:37
World War they are going to return to their countries okay they are going to 00:24:42
return to their countries if they have survived they are going to return to 00:24:47
their countries so that's the idea this is the idea of the human human losses we 00:24:52
are going to talk now about the economic consequences what is going to happen 00:25:01
related in the economic field everything has it has been destroyed okay so 00:25:04
extensive destruction of property bombs and airplanes they are going to bomb the 00:25:10
cities the means of transport the industrial facilities they are burning crops on woodland 00:25:15
okay so trees and forests are going to be vanished they are going to end with the crops in order to 00:25:22
prevent the new troops conquering the territories to use them they are going to destroy industrial 00:25:28
facilities remember how the the Royal the British Royal Aircraft was bombing the industrial 00:25:33
facilities in Germany because what they want is to attack to the German economy 00:25:42
and they are going to own the cities because they want the population to 00:25:48
force the country to surrender so they want to scare the population bombing the 00:25:52
cities and they are going to force them to they are going to force them they 00:25:58
They they want to to persuade them in this way persuade. It's a a light word 00:26:06
They want to to make them 00:26:12
Be against the government and force the country to surrender 00:26:16
So cities completely destroyed due to the bombing so they need to reconstruct them rebuild them 00:26:19
Okay, if you check this video you are going to see some original 00:26:26
It's an original video 00:26:31
related to 00:26:32
the uk to london you can see check london how was london after the war after yes after the war 00:26:34
so you'll see the the destroy buildings etc and remember the industrial facilities were bombed by 00:26:42
the planes what else there are going to be countries that they are not going to suffer 00:26:50
these lost so what they are going to do is to become in suppliers and of anything they need 00:26:56
of the europeans needs and they are going to experience an economic growth imagine canada 00:27:03
canada has no suffer economic losses okay no bombing on their countries so they in this is 00:27:08
the industrial facilities are perfect so they are going to produce anything the europeans need 00:27:15
but they are not going to give these products for free they are going to make the europeans to pay 00:27:20
for the products okay that makes sense so the idea is they are going to become suppliers of the 00:27:25
European countries that they are destroyed after the war and they are going to experience this economic growth 00:27:31
Okay, so Canada, Australia, Sweden, etc 00:27:36
These countries that they do not participate in the war as battlefields and 00:27:40
That they keep their economies healthy 00:27:45
So they are going to use their economy in order to be the suppliers of the European countries 00:27:48
And they are going to experience this economic growth 00:27:53
and the final consequence of course is 00:27:57
is that Europe is going to be ruined after the Second World War Europe is has 00:27:59
been destroyed not only economically but also military and demographically so 00:28:09
Europe was ruined and there are going to be two main powers in the world after 00:28:16
that the the USA the United States and the Soviet Union okay so this is going 00:28:20
to be the map of the world after the second world war after the second world war what we have is the 00:28:28
cold war okay we are going to have two main countries okay the USA and the Soviet Union 00:28:33
they are going to fight each other and they are going to try to spread their ideologies and 00:28:42
economic system to the other countries if you check Europe is going to be divided into halves 00:28:48
the Eastern Europe and the Western Europe the Western Europe is going to be 00:28:55
in favor of the US the Eastern Europe is going to be in favor of the Soviet Union 00:29:00
China in Asia there are going to be some count several countries in favor of the 00:29:05
Soviet Union others in favor of the USA in Latin America most of them are going 00:29:09
to be capitalist and in Africa Africa you'll see the differences right there 00:29:15
are going to be more half-and-half so this is the Cold War the Cold War is 00:29:20
going to be a conflict that is going to last from 1945 till 1991 okay it's 00:29:24
almost the the second half of the of the 20th century and this Cold War is based 00:29:32
on the the fight between the US and their allies and the Soviet Union and 00:29:40
their allies okay so after the Second World War Europe is not going to be the 00:29:48
most important country the European countries are going to be are going to 00:29:54
be weaker in comparison with the US and the Soviet Union that they are going to 00:29:58
be the strong superpowers so now what we need to talk about is the moral impact 00:30:03
what you need to understand this most most of the almost or more than 5 00:30:10
million people has been executed in Poland and other countries they have 00:30:16
suffered also this repression so the Holocaust is going to have a moral 00:30:21
impact on the European countries as you can see the human rights were 00:30:26
systematically violated okay we are talking about concentration camps okay 00:30:32
we are talking about almost dying dead people okay hundreds hundreds and 00:30:39
hundreds of people executed that as you can see in the course they are really 00:30:48
skinny they are they suffer famine okay and they started executing this 00:30:55
population it's a mass execution is the Holocaust so not only adults also 00:31:03
children they are going to be executed so we are talking about the human rights 00:31:11
being systematically violated okay so this is going to have a moral impact is 00:31:16
going to be a moral trauma for the Western civilization because because 00:31:21
they are going to start questioning about their barbarism it means how if 00:31:28
they were the most developed countries, how they had the most 00:31:32
sophisticated culture, they ended killing all these people, okay? So that's the idea 00:31:36
how the European civilization could do this, could have done this, okay? So this 00:31:42
is going to create a moral trauma, a moral impact on the population. And 00:31:49
finally we need to talk about this, okay? We need to talk about these conferences 00:31:55
The thing is, the world after the Second World War was organized in three main conferences 00:32:00
during the war, okay? 00:32:08
So the idea is, as the world was evolving, the different allies, mainly the UK, the USA, 00:32:11
and the Soviet Union, are going to gather into three different conferences in order 00:32:22
to establish or to set or to build the world after the peace, ok? 00:32:28
So the idea is there are going to be three conferences where the US, the Soviet Union 00:32:34
and the UK are going to gather in order to organize the world after the Second World 00:32:40
War. 00:32:46
So the first of these conferences is going to be the conference of Tehran in Iran, ok? 00:32:48
Iran so in turn what we are going to find is this conference in November 1943 00:32:57
if you check November 1943 we have finished with the Stalingrad battle okay 00:33:03
they are conquering Italy they haven't a carry out the Normandy the Normandy 00:33:09
landings that is going to happen in June 1944 so there are seven months in front 00:33:18
of that, okay, ahead, so the idea is the Trump conference, what is going to decide, or what 00:33:27
the three main powers, the UK, the USA, and the Soviet Union are going to decide in this 00:33:34
conference, so what they are going to have is Churchill, that is the president of the 00:33:40
UK, Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, you know him, related with the New Deal, etc., 00:33:45
he is going to be the president of the US, and finally Stalin, that is going to be the 00:33:51
dictatorship of the soviet union okay so what they are going to do is to take military measures to 00:33:56
speed up the end of the war it means they are going to decide the next movement the next 00:34:03
military movements in order to end with the war as soon as possible one of these decisions is the 00:34:09
normandy landings okay so that's the idea they are going to decide the new or the next military 00:34:15
movements in order to speed up it means to end quickly with the war okay one of 00:34:24
these decisions is the the Normandy landings but here is Churchill here is 00:34:29
Roosevelt and here is Stalin okay so the dictatorship of the Soviet Union the 00:34:36
president of the US and the president of the UK the second one is the JALTA 00:34:44
conference and it's going to be in february 1945 as you see it is close the the war is close 00:34:51
uh the war is really close to end in europe because it ended in february in may sorry so 00:34:57
like three months uh three four months uh to end with the war so in this delta conference they are 00:35:05
going to agree with this the nazification what is that it means to end with the nazi party it means 00:35:14
to persecute all the Nazi party members and also to prohibit or to persecute this way 00:35:21
of thinking, this ideology. 00:35:33
So they are going to start changing, for example, the name of the streets, Adolf Hitler Street 00:35:37
is going to be substituted by Roosevelt Boulevard, makes sense, right? 00:35:42
If you remember here in Spain we have done something similar in the last decade in order 00:35:47
to change the name of the people from the dictatorship in order to establish new names. 00:35:54
In this case Roosevelt Boulevard substituting Adolf Hitler Street. 00:36:03
So they are going to agree to divide Germany and Austria into four occupied zones. 00:36:10
It means they do not trust Germany, they want to control Germany. 00:36:16
Remember the Versailles Treaty after the First World War. 00:36:21
They established the demilitarization of Greenland. 00:36:26
They established that there is a limitation on the number of soldiers in the German army, etc. 00:36:28
And everything failed. 00:36:36
So what they are going to do now is to divide Germany and these parts of Germany and Austria 00:36:38
are going to be under control of the of the countries that they have won the war 00:36:44
if you check this part of Germany is going to be under control of Russia as 00:36:48
well as this part of Austria this part is going to be controlled by the UK okay 00:36:55
as well as this part in Austria France is going to control this part as well as 00:37:06
this part and finally the USA is going to control this part as well as it's controlling this part 00:37:13
sorry I made a mistake this is the UK part and this is the US part so the idea is they are going 00:37:21
to divide Germany in four main pieces okay after some years what they are going to do is to the 00:37:26
they are going to unify Germany but only these three parts the the British part the French part 00:37:34
and the American side and there are going to appear two Germanys this is going to be 00:37:39
the capitalist Germany and this is going to be the communist Germany so the idea is they are going to 00:37:44
divide Germany and Austria for different pieces to divide to control these countries to set these 00:37:52
countries under control of the British the French the Germans and the Russians and of course they 00:37:59
are going to agree that in these countries that they have been liberated after the second world 00:38:07
war it means those countries that they were under the nazi control or the italian control etc they 00:38:12
must have free elections and they are going to decide to create this the united nations 00:38:19
an organization in order to keep peace in the world if you remember after the first world war 00:38:27
they created the League of Nations okay this League of Nations in order to 00:38:35
preserve the international order in order to avoid war and use diplomatic 00:38:40
measures okay in order to end with this with any problem in the world so the 00:38:49
idea is in this Yalta conference in February 1845 these three countries are 00:38:57
going to agree to create to establish democratic systems in the countries 00:39:03
liberated to divide Germany and Austria to end with the Nazism and also okay to 00:39:07
create these United Nations to prevent war in the world to foster peace in the 00:39:14
world to foster the use of diplomacy and dialogue instead of instead of instead 00:39:20
of war or any type of fight. 00:39:31
And finally, the last conference is the Potsdam Conference and it's in August 1945. 00:39:38
Remember, the Second World War ended in the Pacific in September. 00:39:44
So August is the moment when Truman, the new president of the US, is going to drop the 00:39:50
atomic bombs in Japan. 00:39:56
So in this case the new conference is not going to have Roosevelt, because Roosevelt 00:40:00
has died, and Attlee is substituting Churchill, because Churchill lost the elections and Attlee 00:40:05
was elected. 00:40:17
Churchill is from the Conservative party and Attlee is from the Labour party. 00:40:19
So the idea is that Attlee is left wing and Charles Hill is right wing. 00:40:30
So in this case, these three new presidents, the president of the UK, Attlee, the president 00:40:35
of the US, Harry Truman, and the dictator of the Soviet Union that is going to be Stalin. 00:40:45
If you check here what we have is Molotov, remember Molotov was the Foreign Affairs Ministry 00:40:53
of Stalin and he signed the treaty, the Nazi-Soviet Pact in 1939, so here it is, Molotov again 00:41:01
in this conference. 00:41:11
So what they are going to decide here is that they need to return all the territories, the 00:41:14
the European territory, it means all the territories that it has been conquered during the Second 00:41:18
World War must be given back to their population, it means Poland is going to be created again, 00:41:23
Germany is going to be divided but they want to unify it, Alsace and Lorraine is going 00:41:34
to be for France again, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, etc. 00:41:39
So the idea is that the Soviet Union is going to keep some territories, as you can see. 00:41:47
So the idea is that all the territories conquered by the Nazis are going to be now independent 00:41:55
states and these states are going to have their own population, the national population. 00:42:02
So they are going to dismantle the military industry. 00:42:12
However, during the war all the industry was addressed to military industry, to military 00:42:15
production, to produce bombs, to produce planes, to produce tanks, etc., anything they need, 00:42:21
so now we need to change the economy into a different way, of course we do not need 00:42:32
more tanks, we do not need more planes, we do not need more bombs, because the war is 00:42:36
ended so they need to dismantle the military industry and also 00:42:40
they are going to prosecute and punish the Nazi leaders in the Nuremberg 00:42:46
trials so if you check in this year for 1945-1946 they are going to take 00:42:50
place these Nuremberg trials and they are going to judge all these people in 00:42:58
these trials they were the Nazis the most important Nazis were judged like 00:43:03
like Hermann Goering, Ribbentrop, remember Ribbentrop, the one that signed the treaty with Molotov, the Nazi-Soviet pact, 00:43:09
we have Hans Frank, he was controlling part of Poland and the, I will say, and part of the extermination camps, 00:43:17
okay we are going to have also Alfred Rosenberg he is going to one of the main 00:43:28
ideology ideologies or thinkers of the Nazi regime Keitel the Admiral Keitel is 00:43:33
going to be the one that is going to surrender to to the Allies after the war 00:43:45
in in May 1945 so what you see is the main the main Nazis are going to be 00:43:50
executed the main Nazis are going to be executed or they are going to be in 00:43:59
prison so the idea is in this post-war conference with these two new presidents 00:44:05
and Stalin remaining they are going to decide to return all the 00:44:10
territories to creating the European countries before the war it means to end 00:44:14
with the Nazi occupation and re-establish the original countries, to dismantle the 00:44:20
military industry means to address the economy in a different way, in a 00:44:29
different way, to consumerism and finally to prosecute and punish these Nazi 00:44:32
leaders okay and I have shown you some of them. Finally we have the Paris Peace 00:44:39
Conference and in this Paris Peace Conference the only thing is that they 00:44:46
are going to sign the peace treaties with the Germans Germany's and other 00:44:49
allies okay so the idea is the last part is the Paris peace conference but the 00:44:54
most important thing are these three conference okay basically the Tron the 00:44:59
the conference of Tehran Tron conference the Yalta conference and the Poznan 00:45:04
conference these three conference are going to set the the world they are 00:45:09
going to give shape to shape the world after the Second World War because they 00:45:14
are going to re-establish the different European countries, they are going to 00:45:21
address the industry to different goals and they are going to 00:45:25
prosecute and punish the Nazi leaders and finally the peace treaties are going 00:45:31
to be signed here in the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 and that's it 00:45:36
that's the consequences of the war and in the next video we will talk about the 00:45:42
United Nations okay so remember we have seen the Jews and the Holocaust we have 00:45:46
seen the economic and social consequences and we have talked about 00:45:51
the different conferences that they are going to shape they're not a former no 00:45:58
they are going to shape the world after the Second World War a world after the 00:46:03
Second World War that is going to be based in this Cold War, the Guerra Fria, that 00:46:08
means that the world is going to be divided in two sides, the capitalist side 00:46:13
led by the USA and the communist side led by the Soviet Union. 00:46:17
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
122
Fecha:
13 de abril de 2020 - 20:17
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
46′ 26″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
279.80 MBytes

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