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5. Spain in the 17th century 1
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Well, this is the last point of this unit, is Spain in the 17th century, we are going to divide this point in two videos, so we are going to start with the first two kings that they are going to rule in Spain in the 17th century, and in the next one, in the next video, we will see the last king and the war that is going to start after his death, okay?
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here's that so let's start with Spain in the 17th century okay so we are going to
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study this Spanish monarchy remember we are not talking about the Spain
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exactly we are talking about the Spanish monarchy the Hispanic monarchy to be
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accurate it means la monarchy hispanica okay so what we are going to see is the
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main characteristics of this Spanish monarchy during the 17th century and
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and then we will see the different reigns,
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the different kings, okay?
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So let's start that we are going to have three kings,
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Felipe III, Felipe IV, and Carlos II,
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and these three kings are going to belong
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to the Austrian Habsburg dynasty, okay?
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So they are going to be part, or they are kings,
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that they are related with the Habsburg dynasty, okay?
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And they are the Habsburgs, the kings of this dynasty,
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that they are going to rule in Spain,
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in Castilla y Lagoa in America etc all those territories during the 17th century okay so here
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we have Felipe III, Felipe IV, Carlos II okay he is going to have a lot of different problems
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physical problems ecological problems he is the result of endogamy endogamy means that they are
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going to get married okay with people from their families like sisters cousins etc so this
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endogamy inside the family is going to lead to this to this person to this
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person with this psychological or psychological and physical problems so
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let's see the 17th century we have seen it was a period of crisis of economic
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crisis remember we are going to have economic crisis and demographic crisis
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okay apart from that Spain is going to start losing his power okay his
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political importance in Europe okay the Thirty Years War we have seen it okay
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this Thirty Years War is going to be crucial you know in order to understand
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why in the second half in the second half of the 17th century Spain is going
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to decline Spain is going to lose power Spain is not going to be any more the
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superpower okay and this the new superpower in europe is going to be france okay so spain started
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to look to lose its political importance in europe that's a due to the 30 years war and of course
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the superpower the new superpower in europe is going to be france okay remember this is the
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hispanic monarchy in the 17th century remember these territories this the netherlands are going
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to be the the territories where spain is fighting in order to reconquer this territory and in the
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second half of the 17th century spain is going to lose these territories in red in favor of france
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because france is going to be the new superpower in the continent okay so the idea is france is
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going to be the new superpower spain is going to lose its importance its power and is going
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to lose part of its territory in Europe in favor of France so another important
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thing that is related with this crisis because we are going to suffer like a
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political crisis of course if we if Spain is losing importance in Europe is
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because it's suffering a political crisis the Kings are going to delegate
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their power to validos valido is a Spanish word is like a prime minister
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a valido is like the person that you trust more okay and you let this person to govern the country
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imagine i don't know i'm felipe tercero i do not want to govern i don't like to govern
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okay but i'm the king and i must be the king of spain but i don't like it i don't like to govern
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for me it's boring what i prefer is to start reading to to to decide to to live a different
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life okay like I don't know playing video games imagine okay so what I'm going to say is one of
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my trusted persons it means one of my best friends I'm going to say okay you imagine my best friend
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is Alejandro okay Alejandro you are going to be the valido of Spain so you are going to be
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governing Spain I'm going to be the king but you are going to make the decisions okay you are going
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to be the one in charge, so that's what they are going to do, they are going to delegate their
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power in the validos, okay, we are going to have two main validos, Duque de Lerma, in case of Felipe
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III, con the Duque de Olivares, in case of Felipe IV, and these validos are going to be characterized
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by two main characteristics, the first one is that they are going to use this power, the power that
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the king is going to give them in order to be richer okay that's an important characteristic
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okay they want to be rich and in order to be richer of course they are not peasants they are
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nobles they have money so in order to become richer what they are going to do is just use
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their power in order to do that also these validos are going to say okay i'm going to use my friends
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and family and i'm going to give them important spots in the administration imagine i'm the king
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of spain i'm felipe tercero okay my best friend is as i said alejandro alejandro is going to be
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the valid and imagine alejandro is a friend of cristina and marcos and he's going to say okay
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cristina you're going to be the ministry for foreign office and you marcos are going to be
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the ministry of a I don't know a defense not related with the army and the wars
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so what he these validos are going to do is to give positions to give spots to
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give positions inside the administration okay to people that they are part of
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their families or their supporters okay friends so the idea is these validos are
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going to get the power because the Kings do not want to rule the country because
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Because the kings are lazy, they do not want to rule the country, so what they are going
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to do is give the power to their best friends or the person that they trust more.
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So these Validos are going to be the ones with the power, with the political power and
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they are going to do two things during their rule.
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The first one is to become richer.
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The second one is to give positions to their friends, the people that support these Validos
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or their families.
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So these validos are going to obtain all of this, they are going to obtain more money
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of course, they are going to obtain the political power and they are going to give, they are
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going to share their power with other people, people that they trust a lot, maybe people
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from their family or friends, and they are going to use these people in order to get
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new positions, in order to get people in their favor.
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So these are the main characteristics of these monarchs, Felipe III, Felipe IV and Carlos
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during the 17th century okay so they are going to have these validos they are going to spain is
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going to lose importance in the european sphere and we are going to suffer a deep economic crisis
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our kings are going to be lazy they do not want to work well in case of carlos abundo he cannot
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because he he has a lot of problems health problems and these kings are going to have
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Validos, Validos that they are going to have the power instead of the king, it means the
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king is going to delegate the power in the Validos.
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So let's see this Ocean of Habsburgs, let's see Felipe III, Felipe III is going to reign
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from 1598 till 1621, ok, here is Felipe III, he is really young, he is healthy, he is a
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healthy man, ok, but he is more interested on music, ok, and literature, so he knows
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how to play violin etc so he loves music he loves culture but he is not
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interested on governing okay so that's why he is going to have this valido Duke
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of Lerma and look at the Lerma look at the Lerma is going to be the valido the
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valido of Felipe III okay so the thing is this Felipe III is going to face
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this difficult economic situation okay so in order to try to face this economic
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crisis they are going to try to reduce expenses by ending armed conflicts what
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is this the thing is Spain is suffering a huge economic crisis Spain has no
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money in order to fight in new wars so what they are going to decide what what
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Felipe III and the Duke of Lermont are going to decide is to try to end
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end with the different conflicts which conflicts they are going to end first peace treaty with
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england in 1603 okay they are going to sign this peace treaty with england and there is no more
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conflicts with england so it means we spain is not going to spend more money on this war
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second a truce is going to be declared with the protestants in the low countries in the netherlands
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Okay, a truce is a tregua, a truce of 12 years
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Okay, so the idea this truce is going to be signed in
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1609 okay 1609 so they are going to stop the war with the
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With the lower countries with the low countries
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So the idea is Spain is going to end with these two conflicts the conflict with England the conflict with the protestant in the low
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countries so it's going to stop this one and end with this one in order to try to
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solve this difficult economic situation how they are going to try to end with
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this difficult economic difficult situation just stopping spending money
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on this wars okay reducing the expenses okay by ending this armed conflict so
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So the idea is they are going to have this economic situation, this difficult economic
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situation and also Felipe III is going to have another problem.
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The thing is Felipe III wants to demonstrate to the world that he is the championship of
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Catholicism, that he is really committed with Catholicism.
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So in order to do that, remember this, he is going to expel the Moriscos in 1609.
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the economic and demographic crisis provoked by this expulsion, by expelling these Moriscos
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from the Iberian Peninsula.
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So what we are seeing is Felipe III is not interested in governing, so he is going to
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give the power to the Duke of Lerma, that is going to be the Valido.
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In order to solve this economic situation, the difficult economic situation, they are
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going to try to end with the armed conflicts first with England then with
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the Protestants in the Low Countries okay but this truce is going to be just
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for 12 years and also okay and also Felipe III wants to show the
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commitment of his monarchy with Catholicism by expelling the Moriscos in
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1609 okay remember most of them were in the crown of Aragon most of them are
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going to be farmers we are talking about 300,000 Moriscos expelled from the
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crown of Aragon so it's going to be a demographic and economic tragedy okay so
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this is going to be an economic is going to make the economic crisis even worse
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even when they have stopped they have end with these two conflicts at least
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this one forever in principio this is going to be forever but this one is going to be just 12 years
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so this is the reign of Felipe III just to have this economic problem just to try to show the
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commitment with catholicism and also okay to have one valido that is going to be the duke of lerma
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okay so we are talking about this uh this first king you know that he is going to uh die in 1621
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so we are going to see his son is going to inherit the the kingdom in 1621 and it's going to rain
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until 1665 okay so 44 years of rain felipe cuarto felipe cuarto is going to try to do his best
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he was really religious okay so he he felt guilty because of all the sins he was committing
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so he's going to have a new valido the valido is going to be the con duke of olivares and
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is going to be one of the best values in the 17th century he was a hard worker he has a
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a modern vision of the state he wants to make spain great again let's say this this motto okay
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he wants to make Spain get back all the power that Spain used to have it means
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he wants to make a Spain a huge superpower in Europe again the problem
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is the different measures he is going to take or he is going to make it are or
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the decision that he is going to make are not going to be the best and you'll
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see why okay so this is the idea we have Felipe
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IV here we have a Conductor Olivares he is going to be the one taking the
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decisions okay or making the decisions okay and he's going to make the
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decisions in order to make Spain great again in order to make the Hispanic
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monarchy a huge superpower ruling again Europe how he's going to do this let's
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see so he wants to regain power over Europe and how is he going to do this
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okay first he is going to take part in new wars one of them the Thirty Years
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War okay he is going to restart the war in the low countries and he is going to
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fight against France so this is going to be a problem okay the
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Conde de Duque de Olivares when Spain has not overcome the economic crisis is going to
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fight again in new wars so el conde duque de olivares is going to decide to participate in
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these three wars first in the 30 years war then he is going to restart the war in the low countries
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and again the war against france okay so he is going to fight in these three specific
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scenarios okay against france against the low countries and in the 30 years war
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Okay, remember, these are the territories of the Hispanic monarchy, these are the territories
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of the Austrians, and these territories that they are in green are the other side, there
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are two sides in this world of the 30 years, remember, we have seen it in the last epigraph,
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so these are going to be the kingdoms or the territories, the ones that they are like in
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pink or orange in one side, and these ones that they are in green are going to be the
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other side.
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So the idea is, in order to face this situation, in order to be able to carry out, to fight
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in these wars, the Conde Duque de Olivares is going to propose two main measures.
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It means he knows that he needs more money, he knows that he needs more soldiers in order
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to fight in these wars.
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So in order to do these two things, he needs two measures, which are the two measures first
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to get more money, how the king is going to get more money, new taxes, of course, I'm
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going to increase the taxes, so you need to pay, and you need to pay more in order to
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fight these wars, so that's to increase the tax collection, they are going to pay more
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taxes or they are going to force the population to pay more taxes in order to be able to face
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these wars second he's going to have one of the most important ideas the union de armas the union
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of arms la politica de union de armas what is he proposing with this policy this policy is based on
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the idea of all the territories in the hispanic monarchy giving money and giving soldiers to the
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empire okay before this policy the union the
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armistice policy only Castile was giving money and soldiers in order to fight in
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Flanders or in the Netherlands to fight in Europe to fight in America etc what
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is the conduct of Olivares, the conduct Olivares is going to propose is all these
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territories all these kingdoms must give soldiers and money okay they must give
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soldiers some money in order to fight okay how they are how we are going to
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establish the amount of money and soldiers they are they need to pay and
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support or give depending on the the economy of its territory and also the
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population of each kingdom what is the problem that there are going to be some
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of the territories that they are not going to be in favor of paying more
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taxes and giving soldiers which territories are going to revolt against
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this policy Catalonia Portugal Naples and Sicily and also there are going to
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be plots or conspiracies in Andalusia okay so we are going to have these
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territories that they are going to revolt against these measures against
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paying more money it means paying a paying more taxes and also giving
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soldiers the these territories are going to be Portugal Andalusia is going to
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carry out a revolt no a revolt a conspiracy a Catalonia Naples and
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Sicily okay so this is the problems the problems of this political union the
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armistice Union of arms that proposed that all the kingdoms ruled by the
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Spanish monarchy provides soldiers our pounds to cover the cost of the European
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Wars the problems are going to be these revolts okay Spain started to win the
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war okay but he is going to finally lose it remember we have seen the 30 years war spain
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is going to start winning the war but finally we are going to lose it okay and the new measures of
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olivares are going to cause some kingdoms to revolt which ones as i said catalonia portugal
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naples sicily and we are going to have this conspiracy in andalusia so portugal is going
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to revolt in 1640, Catalonia is going to revolt in 1640, Andalusia is going to
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carry out its conspiracy by Duke of Medina Sidonia it means a noble he wants
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to turn Andalusia independent okay and also we are going to find this revolt in
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Naples in 1641 so the Count Duke of Olivares has great ideas like the Union
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in order to fight in these wars and also due to these wars regain power over Europe but the
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problem is this union de armas is going to fail why because these kingdoms are going to be against
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this policy against pay more taxes again paying more in order to pay the wars and also to provide
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soldiers okay so these are the territories you see Portugal you see Catalonia you see Naples and
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Sicily, you see in Andalusia, the conspiracy of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, okay, and let's see
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two memes, okay, this meme, Olivares, Union of Weapons, Catalonia, going out the window, okay, that would be the
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idea, not only Catalonia, but Portugal, Sicily, Naples, and Andalusia, okay, or, for example, this other
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meme, I, the Duke of Olivares, used to have inequality between territories, because not all
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pagaban lo mismo ni contribuían igual y falta de ingresos evidentemente tengo que pagar las
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guerras y no tengo dinero pero gracias a mi esfuerzo reformas visionarias la unión de armas
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adelantadas a mi tiempo porque hago que todos los territorios contribuyan igual y hay igualdad
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entre ellos justicia porque quiero que cada uno contribuya en función de sus posibilidades y
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mucha dedicación porque es verdad que fue un hombre muy trabajador llegó a quedarse calvo
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of the stress and the work he dedicated, now after the arms union I have
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inequality between territories, lack of income and separatist revolts, so
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his policy was exactly great, that is, it did not come out as he wanted, obviously
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the idea was that with his policy there would be greater equality between territories and an increase
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the income, win wars in Europe and from there derive the one that Spain had
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recover international prestige. But it was not like that, okay, the Union of Arms, this idea
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of all the different kingdoms providing soldiers and funds to cover the cost of
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the European wars is going to fail, okay, so let's see which are going to be the
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consequences of these of these of these policies of this of this revolts okay
00:23:11
Portugal is going to turn independent in 1668 um Portugal is not going to be it's
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not going to be integrated with Spain or unified with Spain anymore Catalonia is
00:23:27
going to be controlling 1652 so Catalonia is going to be is going to
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remain part of the hispanic monarchy and spain continued fighting france after the 30 years war
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we have talked about this until 1659 and in 1659 of course spain was defeated and spain signed this
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treaty the treaty of the pyrenees and thanks to this treaty spain is going to keep catalonia but
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is going to lose these territories rosellona and cerdanya that is these territories in red okay
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This was supposed to be part of Catalonia, part of the Hispanic monarchy.
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Also Spain is going to lose these territories, but later, not now.
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Spain in 1659 is going to lose this, Rossellena de Cerdaña.
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And Spain is going to arrange this marriage between one of the Felipe IV's daughter,
00:24:25
Maria Teresa, with Luis XIV, the King of France, remember Luis XIV as an absolute monarch.
00:24:31
And we talk about absolutism, we talk about Luis XIV, and here is Maria Teresa, the daughter
00:24:37
of Philip IV, and they are going to be married.
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We are going to arrange, Philip IV is going to arrange this marriage due to the Treaty
00:24:48
of Versailles, or the Treaty of the Pyrenees, or Paz de los Pirineos.
00:24:53
So this is the reign of Philip IV, Philip IV is going to try with, along with the Conduke
00:25:01
of Olivares to regain power in Europe for Spain, for the Hispanic monarchy, but they
00:25:11
are going to fail, the different policies carried out by the Conduke of Olivares are
00:25:19
going to make the situation even worse, there are going to be revolts in different territories,
00:25:23
Portugal is going to turn independent, Catalonia is going to remain in hands of Spain, but
00:25:28
Spain is going to be defeated by France, and Spain is going to lose Rosselló and Cerdanya,
00:25:34
and Felipe IV is going to arrange this marriage between his daughter and the king of France,
00:25:41
Luis XIV.
00:25:47
So the next king is Charles II, but we are going to see this second half of the point
00:25:50
in the next video.
00:25:55
- Autor/es:
- Rubén Peinado González
- Subido por:
- Ruben P.
- Licencia:
- Dominio público
- Visualizaciones:
- 78
- Fecha:
- 13 de abril de 2020 - 23:28
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES ANTARES
- Duración:
- 25′ 59″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 141.06 MBytes
