Saltar navegación

Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.

3. Political system - Contenido educativo

Ajuste de pantalla

El ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:

Subido el 27 de septiembre de 2020 por Ruben P.

102 visualizaciones

Más información Transcripción

Descargar la transcripción

In this video we are going to study the political system in the 18th century. 00:00:00
We are not going to study the political system itself right now. 00:00:08
What we are going to see is some political concepts, important political concepts, 00:00:12
and you must know you do not need to study them for the exam. 00:00:17
okay so you don't you do not need to study them but you must know them in 00:00:23
order to understand the political system in the 18th century so the first thing 00:00:29
is you need to understand that there are some political agents it means people 00:00:34
that they are going to make political decisions the first ones are the 00:00:38
monarchs you understand that this is an important political agent the monarchs 00:00:43
in the 18th century are making political decisions secondly the cities remember 00:00:47
there are political sister cities sorry there are political cities and in these 00:00:54
cities they are administrating or organizing the regions the empires the 00:01:00
different kingdoms so it means in the cities we are the cities are going to be 00:01:10
another political agent most of the political decisions are made in these 00:01:15
cities and remember in the city lives the bourgeoisie along with the king and 00:01:20
the nobility and clergy but basically the bourgeoisie and the third political 00:01:25
agent is going to be the nobility and the clergy of course the most important 00:01:33
one are going to be the monarchs but the cities with the bourgeoisie and the 00:01:37
nobility and clergy are going to have also a political importance too okay so 00:01:42
these are the three main political agents in the 18th century the kings or 00:01:50
the monarchs the cities with the bourgeoisie and finally the nobility and 00:01:55
the clergy apart from these political agents we need to talk about the three 00:01:59
powers we have talked about these three powers since the very beginning okay we 00:02:04
talk about the executive power we talk about the legislative power and also 00:02:11
about the judiciary power so remember executive power means to make the 00:02:17
political decisions legislative power means to issue the laws it means to 00:02:23
create the laws the judiciary power means to evaluate if the population or a 00:02:31
a person is following the law so the judiciary power means to judge to 00:02:41
evaluate if someone is following the law or not apart from this we need to 00:02:47
understand that there are some main institutions these institutions are 00:02:54
going to be the monarchy okay the Parliament remember the monarchy is 00:02:58
going to have in the 18th century all the powers the Parliament in some 00:03:06
countries is going to have the legislative power and finally the judges 00:03:10
that they are supposed to have the judiciary power if these powers are 00:03:15
separated okay so in the 18th century we can find two main political models or 00:03:19
the monarchy with all the powers that is the absolute monarchy okay the monarch 00:03:28
the king with all the powers means absolute monarchy the parliament that means um 00:03:34
sorry and the other option is these powers to be separated the executive only for the king 00:03:43
the legislative for the parliament and the judiciary power for the judges 00:03:50
okay so two systems or absolute monarchy means the king has the three powers 00:03:54
or separation of powers that means the executive powers in hands of the monarch 00:04:01
the legislative power in hands of the Parliament the judiciary power in hands 00:04:07
of the judges so far so good ok let's see the following one we are going to 00:04:12
see the type of state ok in this type of state we have two types or centralized 00:04:19
power it means all the political decisions made by the monarch and in a 00:04:26
specific city the capital city or the centralized power the power is not going 00:04:33
to be in hands of the monarch completely is going to be in hands of the nobles or 00:04:41
in hands of the different regions okay so it means centralized power the power 00:04:46
is only going to be in hands of one person or one city, a specific place, or 00:04:53
the centralized power. The decisions, the political decisions, are made by the 00:04:59
nobility or are made by the different regions that compose the country. 00:05:04
Okay, so this is the map of the 18th century. We are going to find centralized 00:05:10
countries like Portugal with Lisbon as capital city, Spain with Madrid as 00:05:18
capital city, France with Paris as capital city or Great Britain with 00:05:25
England with London as capital city okay so four countries with a centralized 00:05:31
power while we are going to find two countries with no centralized power it 00:05:42
means Italy that is fragmented divided into different states or the Holy Roman 00:05:49
Empire what is Germany nowadays that is divided into different pieces too Italy 00:05:58
is going to be divided for example in the kingdom of Naples in the papal 00:06:07
States, Tuscany, Venice, Milan, etc. Okay? And the Holy Roman Empire is going to be 00:06:11
divided in these different regions controlled by the nobility. So what we 00:06:24
are going to find is in these two countries there is not going to be only 00:06:31
one king ruling the country so what we find is an emperor in this case in the Holy Roman Empire 00:06:36
but he has to make the decisions along with the nobles it means the nobles and the king 00:06:44
made the decisions and in Italy what we are going to find is different kingdoms 00:06:53
where there is a where the nobility is making the decisions or in this case the kings 00:06:59
But the thing is, in Italy we are not going to find only one king making all the decisions for Italy 00:07:06
Because he's divided, fragmented 00:07:14
And also here in Germany we are going to find only one emperor 00:07:16
But the emperor is not powerful enough 00:07:21
So the emperor must make the decisions along with the nobles 00:07:24
Make sense? 00:07:35
so that's the idea we are going to see how the nobility is really powerful in the countries that 00:07:36
they are decentralized and we are going to see how the king is really important is powerful 00:07:44
in the countries that they are centralized so portugal spain france and great britain 00:07:50
are centralized countries with one king ruling the country in case of italy and germany 00:07:59
or the Holy Roman Empire what we find is an emperor in this case with nobles and 00:08:06
the nobles and the king together are making the decisions or in Italy the 00:08:13
different regions are going to have or a king or the nobility controlling the 00:08:19
different regions okay so centralized countries means a strong 00:08:26
king and the centralized countries means a powerful nobility 00:08:35
against the king okay so you can see for example here the 00:08:41
holy roman empire and all these territories these small 00:08:48
pieces are controlled by the nobility by different nobles 00:08:51
counts marquises duchies etc while in italy what we are going to find is different territories 00:08:55
kingdoms a republic another republic different counties okay another kingdom 00:09:09
so what we are going to find here is a decentralized power because the nobility is more 00:09:18
is stronger than the monarchy so that's the difference between centralized power 00:09:27
and decentralized power you should keep in mind the idea of a Germany and Italy 00:09:35
that is divided into pieces that is not a unified country because we will see in 00:09:46
the 19th century how Germany and Italy are going to unify so let's begin with 00:09:53
the political system we are going to see in the 18th century two main political 00:10:01
systems or a republic or a monarchy and when we talk about the monarchy we talk 00:10:06
about two main types the absolute monarchy and the parliamentary monarchy 00:10:13
in an absolute monarchy means the king has all the power the king has the three 00:10:21
executive, legislative and judiciary. In a parliamentary monarchy, that is for 00:10:26
example Spain nowadays, Spain in the 21st century is a parliamentary monarchy, means that 00:10:33
the king has a limited power. It means the power is divided, there is a 00:10:40
separation of powers the executive for the king the legislative for the 00:10:50
Parliament and the judiciary for the judges so these are the two systems we 00:10:56
are going to study today the absolute monarchy it means the power is in hands 00:11:04
all the power in hands of the monarch of the king and the parliamentary monarchy 00:11:09
It means all the power is going to be divided between the monarch, executive power, parliament, legislative power, and finally, judiciary power in hands of the judges. 00:11:17
So let's talk first about the absolute monarchy. 00:11:30
You need to understand that the monarch is a noble. 00:11:35
But it's the most important noble, the most powerful noble in the kingdom. 00:11:40
so when there is an absolute monarchy means that one of the nobles has controlled all the other 00:11:44
nobles because it's the most powerful one is the one with more power so what we are going to see 00:11:53
in the 19th century is that we are going to have these absolute monarchs finally because they are 00:12:01
going to defeat the nobility and control the social class so if we look at the 00:12:08
map before in Spain in Portugal in France or in Great Britain the king has 00:12:15
defeated the nobility however in those countries that the king has not defeated 00:12:21
the nobility what we have is a decentralized country it means the Holy 00:12:29
roman empire and italy so we talk about an absolute monarch that finally defeated the 00:12:34
nobility and controlled the social class in order to have the absolute power all the power 00:12:42
which are the characteristics of this monarch first he his power is going to came from god 00:12:51
okay is based on divine right it means his authority authority came 00:12:58
from God so this monarch gets the power from God or at least he is 00:13:07
supposed to acquire the power from God second the monarch is going to control 00:13:19
three powers legislative that means issue the laws it means to create the laws executive power 00:13:29
to govern the country and judiciary power to administer justice okay so it means an absolute 00:13:35
monarch has defeated all the nobility okay first second the he is going to have all the power 00:13:43
okay the three powers and his power is going to came from god okay is based on divine right 00:13:51
what else well you have here Ruiz XIV you can see here the crown you can see here 00:14:03
the stick that shows that he controls the power and the army along with the sword 00:14:11
and what you see here is the boots with the heels, the shoes with the heels 00:14:18
that explains or shows us that Luis XIV could ride a horse and if you can ride 00:14:26
a horse is because you are part of the nobility of the rich people okay so he 00:14:35
is giving us the image of an absolute monarch apart from this he is going to 00:14:40
control a professional and permanent army it means it's a well-trained army 00:14:49
and it's a permanent army it means he is not going to have mercenaries he is 00:14:54
going to have a permanent army it means an army forever and this army is going 00:15:03
to be professional they are going to be well trained okay he is going to 00:15:09
establish also a centralized and efficient administration remember we were talking about 00:15:18
the administration centralized administration absolute monarch okay all the decisions made by 00:15:23
the monarch in the capital city okay the centralized monarchies or the centralized 00:15:28
countries means the power is in hands of the nobility the king is not strong enough to control 00:15:35
the nobility and finally the monarch is going to collect the taxes from the non-privileged people 00:15:44
okay so the monarch is going to be able to collect those taxes 00:15:54
however there is a real situation we are saying okay the absolute monarch has all the power but 00:15:58
the problem is the nobility and the clergy they have privileges so that they do not pay taxes 00:16:04
and they cannot be tortured so it means the king has not all the power okay completely because he 00:16:10
cannot make the nobility and the clergy to pay taxes or he cannot torture the nobility and the 00:16:19
clergy okay so the king he's going to is supposed to have all the power but in the real situation 00:16:25
is he is not having exactly all the power because there are some limitations that they are the 00:16:33
privileges of the nobility and the clergy so that the absolute monarch had 00:16:40
an unlimited power in theory but a limited power in practice okay is 00:16:46
limited by the privileges okay however you are he is saying or he's supposed to 00:16:54
have an unlimited power all the power executive legislative and judiciary we 00:17:01
We have some examples of this situation, for example in Great Britain the parliament is 00:17:08
going to limit the power of the monarch. 00:17:13
The parliament is going to limit the power of the monarch. 00:17:16
So in Great Britain we are not going to have an absolute monarch because the parliament 00:17:22
has power and is limiting the power of the monarch. 00:17:27
This is the Parliament, this is the Big Ben, this is the Parliament, and this is an inner 00:17:34
view of the building. 00:17:40
So here are the deputies, this is the Parliament, the British Parliament, and these institutions 00:17:43
limit the power of the King, in this case nowadays the Queen. 00:17:49
The other example is the Holy Roman Empire, because the Emperor, if he wants to make a 00:17:57
decision he needs to reach an agreement with the nobles okay remember the Holy 00:18:02
Roman Empire is divided into different territories controlled by the nobility 00:18:09
so the nobility needs to approve the decisions of the Emperor so we have not 00:18:13
an absolute monarch in the Holy Roman Empire the last system is the British 00:18:21
parliamentarism okay remember in Great Britain we have no absolute monarch and 00:18:29
we are and they are not going to have an absolute monarch because the bourgeoisie 00:18:36
and the nobility are going to carry out two revolutions one in 1641 and the 00:18:41
other in 1689 so the king in 1641 and 1689 tried to be an absolute monarch to 00:18:48
control the nobility etc and the Parliament however the Parliament the 00:18:58
bourgeoisie and the nobility are going to revolt against the king in this first 00:19:03
revolution the king is going to be beheaded it means they are going to 00:19:09
execute the king in this second one they are going to elect a different king from 00:19:13
a different dynasty so they are going to change the king in the first revolution 00:19:20
they execute the king in the second revolution what they are going to do is 00:19:25
to change the dynasty to change the king okay thanks to these revolutions the 00:19:30
Parliament is going to have more power and they are going to establish the 00:19:38
separation of powers it means executive power in hands of the king and the 00:19:42
government chosen by the monarch legislative power controlled by the 00:19:47
parliament and finally the judiciary power in hands of the free courts okay 00:19:51
judiciary power in hands of the judges the free judges who is going to be the 00:19:57
intellectual that proposed this separation of power John Locke this 00:20:05
person here we will see John Locke again later on okay so these are the basic 00:20:11
system political system in the 18th century you need to keep in mind these 00:20:20
ideas okay in the British parliamentarism that means a parliament 00:20:24
controlling or limiting the power of the king it means no absolute monarch okay 00:20:28
they are going to cut the Parliament the bourgeoisie and the nobility carry out 00:20:35
two revolutions against the monarchy because the monarch wanted to be an 00:20:39
absolute monarch in 1641 they execute the monarch in 1689 they are going to 00:20:44
change the monarch and they are going to establish this separation of power 00:20:50
executed for the king and the government chosen by the king legislative power 00:20:54
controlled by the Parliament and the judiciary power in hands of free courts 00:21:00
or the judges remember the intellectual father it means the person that is going 00:21:04
to propose this separation of power is going to be John Locke. 00:21:10
Idioma/s:
en
Autor/es:
RUBÉN PEINADO GONZÁLEZ
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
102
Fecha:
27 de septiembre de 2020 - 12:11
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
21′ 17″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
111.22 MBytes

Del mismo autor…

Ver más del mismo autor

EducaMadrid, Plataforma Educativa de la Comunidad de Madrid

Plataforma Educativa EducaMadrid