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The Normandy landings - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 5 de mayo de 2023 por Luis H.

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So, let's start. Let's begin by explaining the end of the war in Europe, because liberation 00:00:00
in Europe, the liberation in Europe, the liberation from the Nazis was hastened, fue apresurado, 00:00:08
by the Normandy landings, which happened on the 6th of June in 1944. So the liberation 00:00:16
of Europe, the Allies got the, the Allies, I mean the UK, the United States, got the 00:00:24
liberation of Europe, the liberation of Europe was hastened by the Normandy landings, which 00:00:34
happened on the 6th of June in 1944. We all know that when the troops from the UK, the 00:00:42
United States, and also the Canadian troops, the Canadian troops were part in this important 00:00:51
operation, exactly, invaded the coast of France, exactly, and the liberation of Europe began. 00:00:59
So the liberation of Europe was hastened by the Normandy landings, which happened on the 00:01:15
6th of June in 1944, when the UK, the United States, and the Canadian troops landed in 00:01:19
France. But I'm going to explain, I'm going to explain the origin of this operation, which 00:01:27
was called Operation Overlord, when the Allies landed in the coast of France. And I'm going 00:01:35
to explain very, very quickly the Allied strategy. So how was the Allied strategy? 00:01:44
The strategy, which was designed mainly by the UK and the United States. From the beginning 00:01:54
of this war, the Allies tried to involve Yemeni in a two-front war. It was the main weakness 00:02:01
in Germany. Hitler tried to avoid, from the beginning of this war, a two-front war, because 00:02:15
he knew that if Germany had a two-front war, he would lose the war. And for this reason, 00:02:22
from the very beginning, the Allies tried to involve Germany in a two-front war. They 00:02:32
tried first in Italy. In Italy, they tried first. When Rommel retreated from Tunisia, 00:02:40
he retreated to Italy. And we explained that the Allies landed in the spring of, from the 00:02:49
spring, from the spring to the summer of 1943. The Allies thought that they might advance 00:03:00
from the Italian, alongside the Italian peninsula. But actually, they were very, very quickly 00:03:11
stuck. Estancados. They were stuck. They couldn't advance. And for this reason, this strategy 00:03:18
to involve Yemeni in a two-front war, because the two fronts were here in the Italian peninsula. 00:03:29
There was one front of war, and the other front was in the east, exactly, when they 00:03:39
were fighting the Nazis against the Soviet Union. So, as this theater of war in Italy 00:03:47
ended in failure, because the Allies were not able to advance in the Italian peninsula, 00:03:55
they were stuck here. The defenses from the Germans were formidable, paramount. So, as 00:04:04
they ended in failure, as the Allies ended in failure, they fought in another front, 00:04:12
in another place to land their forces. And at the end of, I would say that at the end 00:04:20
of 1943, in the Tehran Conference, at the end of 1943, the Allies very, very quickly 00:04:28
changed the theater of war from Italy, and they started to prepare the future landing 00:04:42
in France. I would say, as I said before, at the end of 1943. So, this is the picture 00:04:50
of the landing on the 6th of June of 1943, when the troops from the UK, from the United 00:05:00
States, and the Canadian troops landed on Normandy beaches. Here we have another picture 00:05:07
of the coast of Normandy, when the Allies ended successfully this operation. Who was 00:05:15
in charge of this operation? The Supreme Commander was General Eisenhower, from the United States, 00:05:25
very important general later on in the Cold War, and he became later on a president in 00:05:35
the United States. But the tactical general was General Montgomery, Monty, from the UK. 00:05:40
They were planning to land on the Normandy beaches, instead of landing here in the Calais, 00:05:50
and over to Calais, which was the narrowest point from Britain to France. The vast majority 00:05:59
of the German troops were waiting from here, the invasion, because it was the narrowest 00:06:07
point. But the Allies faked them, they tricked them, and they, in the overall operation, 00:06:14
they designed the operation to land on the Normandy beaches. So, I'm going to explain 00:06:24
in detail the operation in five different steps. We are going to study now in depth 00:06:30
the Operation Overlord operation, but we have one question first from Alejandro. Alejandro? 00:06:40
Was this kind of attack from Italy what they used in order to... I heard that there was 00:06:51
an operation by the British to leave a body next to the coast in Spain, so that the Spanish 00:06:59
government would find it and notify it to the Nazi government, and then so that they 00:07:09
could think that they were going to land in Italy. Was this the main reason why they did it or not? 00:07:15
Yes, yes. Thank you for the question. It was a very famous operation. It was called Operation 00:07:25
Mincemeat. Operation Mincemeat. It was designed by the British exactly, and they 00:07:34
left a dead body in the coast of Huelva so as to trick the Germans who were in the Iberian 00:07:50
Peninsula. Because this dead body contained several papers which gave the information to 00:07:58
the Germans that the Allies were planning to land in Greece instead of landing in Sicily, 00:08:07
and they tricked the Germans because Hitler expected the landing from North Africa in Greece. 00:08:16
But, as you know, Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Italy, took place in the summer. 00:08:23
They tricked them, and the Allies thought that they were able to advance alongside the Italian 00:08:31
Peninsula, from Sicily alongside the Italian Peninsula. But the Germans built here a very, 00:08:39
very strong, formidable defensive network of fortresses which stopped the Allies. 00:08:47
And later on, when the Allies managed to land in Rome in the Anzio operation, 00:08:58
but it happened in January 1944, the Germans built another network of fortresses. 00:09:06
This is the famous Battle of Monte Cassino. The Allies were not able to advance alongside the 00:09:13
Italian Peninsula, and for this reason, the Allies finally made the decision to invade France 00:09:22
instead of advancing alongside the Italian Peninsula. But this operation of espionage 00:09:32
managed to trick the Germans because they were expecting the Allies in Greece instead of in 00:09:41
the Italian Peninsula. Thank you so much for the question, and now we are going to explain in 00:09:50
detail the Overlord operation in four or five different steps. 00:09:58
Luis? 00:10:05
Elena? 00:10:07
Is that Bruno and Quique are saying through WhatsApp that they are not able to hear you 00:10:07
or to see you, so they are not listening to anything. 00:10:14
And the rest of you? 00:10:19
Yeah, perfectly, in my case. 00:10:21
All of you except Enrique? 00:10:23
And Bruno. 00:10:25
And Bruno. So I'm going to record the lesson for them, okay? 00:10:26
Actually, I'm recording this lesson for them, and I'm going to upload this lesson in the future 00:10:32
platform, and I can send the class after this class, okay? So say to them that they don't have 00:10:37
to worry. So let's explain in four different steps the Operation Overlord. This operation 00:10:45
had many, many obstacles because the Allies were preparing an invasion before. Actually, 00:10:54
in August in 1942, 5,000 Canadians landed in the famous port of Dieppe. But this campaign, 00:11:02
this operation ended in failure. Actually, less than half of the soldiers returned to their 00:11:17
positions, and the other half died in this operation. But this operation was really good 00:11:27
for the Allies to learn some lessons for the future Overlord operation. For example, they 00:11:35
learned that they would rather invade beaches instead of ports. The Dieppe port was a port, 00:11:44
and it was extremely fortified. And the Allies learned that it was better to invade an open 00:11:56
beach rather than a port. This is the first lesson. The second lesson that they learned, 00:12:05
it was that it's better to invade, it was better to invade a place with air superiority, 00:12:12
because if you don't have air superiority, if you land many, many troops in a position, 00:12:21
you are not going to get this position without air superiority due to the formidable defenses 00:12:27
from the Germans. Elisa. 00:12:35
What does shale beaches mean? 00:12:40
Playas de esquisto, made of stones. They were made up of stones. 00:12:43
Exactly. This is another lesson for the Allies when they landed in Dieppe. The beach in Dieppe 00:12:51
was composed of stones, and it was better to land in some beaches instead of landing in shale 00:12:59
beaches, made up of stone. I'm going to explain now the Allied plan, the Overlord operation, 00:13:08
which displayed 1.5 million soldiers to the coast of France. Incredible, the figure. 00:13:20
And the plan was based on the following. The Allies were planning to drop paratroopers, 00:13:30
paracaidistas, behind the German line. The Allied plan was based on the following. They were 00:13:40
planning to land paratroopers, paracaidistas, behind the German lines. Here we have the German 00:13:57
lines. And what was the main goal? The main goal was to land troops here on the beaches, 00:14:05
and also to drop paratroopers behind the German lines, because the main goal, the main aim was to 00:14:13
reach a beachhead, una cabeza de playa. And once they took the beachhead, they would advance 00:14:23
to the interior. In what direction? Up to Paris. But it was very, very difficult because the German 00:14:35
defenses were formidable. They built the Atlantic Wall, and General Rommel, who was a successful 00:14:45
general from North Africa, was in charge of the Atlantic Wall. Actually, General Rommel laid, 00:14:55
pay attention, what amount of mines? General Rommel gave the order to lay. He laid one million 00:15:05
mines per month. Incredible. So it was very difficult. I'm going to repeat it again. It was 00:15:15
very difficult for the Allies to advance. It was very difficult for them because the German defenses 00:15:22
were formidable, were paramount. Rommel gave the order to lay one million mines per month, 00:15:31
but it was true that it was impossible to cover 3,000 kilometers of coast. So what was the main 00:15:43
weakness for the Germans? That it was impossible to cover with troops 3,000 kilometers of the French 00:15:51
coast. Elisa. The Atlantic Wall? Where was it? Was it like a physical wall or are you referring 00:16:00
to all the barriers? I'm referring to all barriers or fortresses which were built by the Germans 00:16:11
alongside the French coast. Okay. And also, Hitler gave the order to supervise this operation. 00:16:19
Hitler gave the order to supervise the operation. So when the Allies landed on the French coast, 00:16:30
Hitler gave the order to command their own troops. But the Allies knew this in advance and they 00:16:40
landed during the night when Hitler was sleeping. And the German generals who were close to Hitler 00:16:49
decided not to wake him up. So the answer for the Germans when the Allies were landing for this 00:16:59
reason was very, very delayed and weak. Actually, as I said before many times, the Allies would 00:17:09
prefer to have Hitler in power because he made many, many mistakes in the war. Elisa. 00:17:17
Sorry, but I don't totally understand the second point. What did Hitler say? 00:17:30
Hitler gave the order to command himself his own troops if one landing like this would happen. 00:17:35
Okay. But due to the intelligence, the Allies knew that and they decided to start the landing during 00:17:44
the night. So Hitler was sleeping and his main generals decided not to wake him up. 00:17:53
And for these reasons, the German response was very, very weak because Hitler didn't know 00:18:01
about it, didn't know about it up to the morning. And also another mistake was that the Germans 00:18:09
were expecting the landing here in the narrowest point from Dover to Calais. And it made sense 00:18:17
because it was the narrowest point and if the Allies landed here, they would be close to 00:18:27
Brussels and to Germany. And the Germans thought and Hitler thought that the landing would take 00:18:34
place here and the Allies made everything to encourage this idea to the Germans. 00:18:41
The Allies made everything to convince the Germans that they would land here. Actually, 00:18:54
they did two important things. They built a fake army here in the region of Kent, in the Kent 00:19:01
region in the UK and General Patton was in charge of it. It was a fake army because they built 00:19:10
tanks and soldiers made up of plastic to trick the Germans and they managed to trick them. 00:19:19
And also the famous spy Garbo Juan Pujol from Spain, who was at that time a double agent for 00:19:27
the British and for the Germans, but he was working mainly for the Allies. He was in favor 00:19:36
of the Allied cause, but he was working also for the Germans. And Garbo gave the idea to Hitler 00:19:44
also that the Allies would land in Calais. And Hitler trusted him. I strongly recommend this 00:19:52
documentary about fortress operation and about Garbo if you want to know more about how Garbo 00:20:03
managed to trick Hitler at this point. So what happened next? When the Allied troops landed in 00:20:11
the Normandy beaches and when the paratroopers reached the beachhead behind the German troops, 00:20:20
they advanced through Paris. Actually, they entered in Paris in August 1944. The Germans 00:20:29
surrendered and the Allies released Paris in August 1944. Do we have questions? Alejandro was first. 00:20:42
It wasn't the Spanish Volunteers Brigade the ones who liberated Paris? 00:20:53
According to the myth, because it was a myth, the Allies gave the chance to the Leclerc 00:21:04
Brigade, which took part in the Spanish Civil War, to be the first one to enter in Paris, 00:21:13
because they fought against Nazi Germany and against General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. 00:21:22
Then they left the country when the Republicans lost the Spanish Civil War. They were in a 00:21:29
concentration camp in the southern part of France. This is true. But the French government 00:21:35
gave them the chance to join the Allies during the Second World War. Some of them joined the 00:21:44
Allies troops. And according to the myth, the Allies, Eisenhower gave the chance to them to 00:21:50
enter first in Paris. But it was only a myth because the Allies were very, very mixed at this 00:21:58
point of war. All of them entered together. To be honest, it's impossible to know who entered first 00:22:08
because they sold us the myth that the Leclerc Brigade from the Spanish Civil War entered first. 00:22:15
Thank you for the questions. Do we have more questions? No. 00:22:21
So we are about to finish. All of this happened in Paris. The Allies reached the city in August. 00:22:29
And after Paris, they went directly to Germany to release Germany. This is the beginning when 00:22:38
the Allies were planning to bomb the Yemen cities. So as to force them to surrender. So 00:22:48
after Paris, the Allies prepared an operation to bomb the Yemen cities in order to force them to 00:22:59
surrender. And the most famous bombing was the bombing of the city of Dresden, the Dresden 00:23:12
Bombardment, when in February 1945, more than 100,000 Germans died in this bombing. And as you 00:23:19
can see here from the Gothic Cathedral, from the gargoyle, the city was completely destroyed. 00:23:30
They were the British who were in charge of this bombing. They destroyed completely the city of 00:23:38
Dresden. So as to force the Yemenis to surrender, but they didn't surrender and they carried on 00:23:44
fighting. And what happened in the East? In the East, very, very simple. We're about to finish. 00:23:53
After the Battle of Stalingrad, and after the Battle of Kursk, during the summer in July 1943, 00:24:05
the Soviet Union carried on advancing from the East to the West. And actually, in August 1944, 00:24:13
they were in Warsaw. They released Warsaw, the capital of Poland, Warsaw. And at this point, 00:24:24
pay attention because the Soviet Union had 4 million soldiers and 4,000 tanks 00:24:32
in order to advance from Poland to Yemen. So you will understand why they managed, 00:24:41
they were the ones who managed to conquer first and to release first the city of Berlin. Antonio. 00:24:50
So the Soviet Union took back Poland and all the territories that border Germany? 00:25:00
Exactly. After the Battle of the Kursk, they released Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, then Poland, 00:25:10
and also Romania and Hungary. So I will say that after the Battle of Stalingrad, 00:25:21
after the Battle of the Kursk, the Soviet Union or the Russians released Poland, Romania, 00:25:28
and Bulgaria. And from this point, they advanced directly to release Berlin. And they had 4 00:25:36
million soldiers to release Berlin. That's why they were the first ones to release the capital, 00:25:46
which was the capital of Yemen, the capital of Yemen. And what happened with the Allies? 00:25:54
The Allies in March in 1943, they were stuck here. They were stuck, they were stuck here 00:26:01
in the River Green, in this area between Bonn and Frankfurt. They were stuck here 00:26:09
because they couldn't advance. Hitler, on purpose, destroyed all bridges in the River Rhine, 00:26:19
the Rio Rin, the River Rhine, and the Allies were stuck around this area. 00:26:27
They were fighting in the famous Battle of Riemagen, Riemagen Bridge, in March in 1943. 00:26:36
Because they couldn't advance, Hitler destroyed all bridges except this one, but it was very, 00:26:43
very difficult for the Allies to advance and to cross the Rhine. That's why the Soviet Union 00:26:49
managed to conquer first and to enter first in Berlin. Okay. In April, we were in March, 00:26:58
and now we are going to travel to April. In April, Mussolini and Hitler died. They knew that 00:27:08
they were about to lose this war, and they decided to kill themselves. Hitler in the bunker, 00:27:17
and also Mussolini. Mussolini was caught in the northern part of Italy. He was caught by 00:27:27
partisans, Italian people who were against Mussolini. They were mainly communists. 00:27:37
They caught him and they hanged him in the main market in Milan. 00:27:48
They caught him with his lover, Clara Petacci, and both of them were hanged in the main market 00:27:56
in Milan, and they died in the same month, okay, in April. In April or in May? In April, sorry. 00:28:07
Both of them here, as you can see here in the conceptual map, died. Finally, 00:28:18
the Soviet Union entered Berlin on the 7th of May. The Soviet Union entered Berlin, 00:28:25
and on the 8th of May, it was when Germany surrendered, and it was the end of the war in 00:28:41
Europe, but not on the Pacific Ocean. The war carried on on the Pacific Ocean 00:28:47
up to September, but we will explain that tomorrow. 00:28:55
Autor/es:
Luis Horrillo Sánchez
Subido por:
Luis H.
Licencia:
Todos los derechos reservados
Visualizaciones:
18
Fecha:
5 de mayo de 2023 - 9:43
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES CERVANTES
Duración:
29′ 01″
Relación de aspecto:
17:9 Es más ancho pero igual de alto que 16:9 (1.77:1). Se utiliza en algunas resoluciones, como por ejemplo: 2K, 4K y 8K.
Resolución:
1860x978 píxeles
Tamaño:
1.29

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