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Oil

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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Sixth segment of the Ocean Odyssey describes how oil is formed in the Earth.

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Mr. Bernhard works here at the Houston Museum of Natural Science. 00:00:00
I asked him if he could tell me more about oil and especially where to find it. 00:00:04
Welcome to the Houston Museum of Natural Science. 00:00:07
You've come to the right place if you want to learn about oil. 00:00:10
I learned in school that oil, gas, and coal are called fossil fuels because they're made 00:00:12
from plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. 00:00:15
That's correct, but we actually have to start further back than that when the Earth was 00:00:18
first formed. 00:00:21
Really? 00:00:22
Billions of years ago, the Earth's crust began to move around on top of the Earth's hot liquid 00:00:23
center. 00:00:26
This movement created spaces between the land known as sedimentary basins. 00:00:27
Let me show you. 00:00:31
That's what I call research. 00:00:33
Just imagine that the chocolate is the land and the chewy caramel is the Earth's liquid 00:00:34
center. 00:00:38
You see the sunken spaces opening? 00:00:39
These basins made the perfect places for oil and gas to form. 00:00:41
Cool. 00:00:45
So what happened after the basins formed? 00:00:46
These basins filled with water, forming oceans, seas, and large lakes. 00:00:48
Billions of microscopic plants and animals thrived in these basins. 00:00:52
How did the plants and animals become oil? 00:00:56
The plants and animals died and their remains piled up on the basin floor. 00:00:58
This organic matter eventually transformed into oil and gas. 00:01:02
Wouldn't the dead plants and animals just decay and decompose? 00:01:05
Under normal conditions, yes, but for oil and gas to form, anaerobic conditions must 00:01:08
exist. 00:01:13
What are anaerobic conditions? 00:01:14
Those are just places where there's no oxygen present. 00:01:15
The organic material was then covered by sediment, forming distinct layers of sedimentary rock. 00:01:18
Have a look at this. 00:01:23
That's cool. 00:01:26
So once the organic matter is covered with sediment, how does it become oil? 00:01:31
The weight of the layers of mud and sand combined with heat from inside the Earth turn the mud 00:01:35
and sand into layers of rock. 00:01:40
We learned that the deeper you go into the Earth, the hotter it gets. 00:01:41
That's right, and as the organic source rock was buried deeper and deeper, temperatures 00:01:44
reached 100 to 150 degrees Celsius, cooking the organic matter into a gooey black soup 00:01:48
that became black gold, or Texas tea. 00:01:54
Tony would like to hear about black gold. 00:01:57
The rock above the oil may look solid, but it actually is very porous and contains millions 00:01:59
of tiny holes. 00:02:04
You see this flask of oil and water? 00:02:05
Can you tell which layer is on top? 00:02:07
It's definitely the oil. 00:02:09
You're correct. 00:02:11
Oil is lighter than water, so it keeps floating up through the spaces in the rock above it. 00:02:12
It will eventually either reach the surface or be trapped by an impermeable layer of rock. 00:02:16
You mean rock without holes. 00:02:20
Yes. 00:02:22
This layer traps the oil and it begins to build a reservoir. 00:02:23
This information is really helpful. 00:02:26
Now I just need to find out how you get the oil out of the ground. 00:02:28
We've got some great exhibits here to help you learn how oil is extracted. 00:02:30
Feel free to look around. 00:02:33
Thanks, Mr. Bernhard. 00:02:34
You might also want to talk to Mr. Wells. 00:02:35
He's at the Ocean Star Museum in Galveston and used to be a working oil rig. 00:02:37
That would be great. 00:02:41
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
724
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
02′ 43″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
16.44 MBytes

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