Activa JavaScript para disfrutar de los vídeos de la Mediateca.
EV 2ESO - 08 The development of moral conscience - Contenido educativo
Ajuste de pantallaEl ajuste de pantalla se aprecia al ver el vídeo en pantalla completa. Elige la presentación que más te guste:
How does our moral conscience change with age?
As we have seen, moral rules are made by your conscience, but moral conscience changes with
00:00:01
age. Think about a baby, a newborn baby. Does a newborn baby have moral conscience?
00:00:09
Can the baby tell the difference between what is right and wrong? Of course not. Moral conscience
00:00:17
appears when we are growing, and it changes with time. So very small kids have difficulties
00:00:24
to tell the difference between what is correct and incorrect, while adolescents can perfectly
00:00:33
well determine what is correct and incorrect in each situation. So we could talk about the
00:00:40
development of moral conscience throughout time with age. This is something that has been
00:00:47
thoroughly studied by psychologists. For example, the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget. He thought
00:00:53
that moral conscience evolves and changes in three different stages. The first stage
00:01:01
is before the age of five. And in this stage, the kids, the children, follow fixed orders.
00:01:09
Those orders that are made generally by your parents, that they consider rigid and that cannot
00:01:20
be changed by any reason. So think about someone who is below five. If their parents tell this kid
00:01:28
that, for example, it is incorrect to push other people, he will never push other people because
00:01:36
he thinks their rule is strict and rigid and cannot be changed by any reason. Now, between 5
00:01:45
and 10, when the kid is between 5 and 10 years old, there is an important change in the evolution of
00:01:53
moral conscience, because children become aware that rules are not something rigid and fixed.
00:02:00
They can be changed if we find an agreement with other people to change the rules. That is why in
00:02:08
this age it is so important that the children play. Playing is a way to create rules and to
00:02:16
change them, finding an agreement with other people. So if I invent with my friends a new game
00:02:22
in which we can push each other, we make a new rule that says that in this game, yes,
00:02:29
we can push each other because we agreed upon doing it. That is why Piaget called this stage
00:02:37
the conventional stage. Convention is the same as agreement. This is the moment when children
00:02:45
discover that rules are something that we make if we reach an agreement with each other.
00:02:51
and when children grow when they are over 10 there is a new step because they discover that
00:02:58
there is something more important than the agreement which is the respect of general
00:03:06
principles such as for example human dignity or the respect of other people imagine the same
00:03:11
example we are considering pushing people is it right or wrong well if you think that the basic
00:03:18
principle of your rules is the respect of other people. Pushing others is not very nice and you
00:03:24
will not do it. Imagine someone runs the risk of falling somewhere because there is a danger.
00:03:31
Maybe you can push this person to help them avoid the danger. In this case, you're breaking the
00:03:40
general rule of not pushing people because you're doing it for a good purpose. Because the important
00:03:46
thing here is not following the rule, but respecting the person. There is another very
00:03:51
important psychologist, an American psychologist called Lawrence Kohlberg, who followed the steps
00:04:00
of Piaget and also created a theory about the development of moral conscience. Kohlberg's
00:04:08
theory is more complicated, but he also thought that a key moment in the development of moral
00:04:16
conscience is when children become aware of the rules as an agreement, as a convention.
00:04:23
That is why Colbert talked about three levels. The first level, for very small children,
00:04:31
is called pre-conventional level. They haven't discovered yet the importance of making rules
00:04:36
by agreement. The second level is called the conventional level because they have discovered
00:04:43
that rules can be made differently if we find an agreement to do so. And the third level is the
00:04:49
post-conventional level. We are beyond the agreement because we have discovered there is
00:04:57
something more important than the agreement which are the general abstract principles such as
00:05:02
respecting people's dignity. Now, the difference between Kohlberg and Piaget is that Kohlberg
00:05:07
introduced six steps in these levels. So each level is divided in two steps. In Kohlberg's
00:05:14
theory, the pre-conventional level is divided in two steps. The first one consists in avoiding
00:05:24
punishment. So very small kids try to avoid the punishment that comes when you break the rules.
00:05:30
and that's why they follow them in such a rigid and strict way.
00:05:37
But in the second stage, they follow rules to get a reward, which is something different.
00:05:41
They want, for example, to be praised by their parents when they comply with the norms.
00:05:48
In the conventional levels, there are also two steps.
00:05:54
Step three consists in creating rules in order to be accepted by the group.
00:05:59
When you are in a group of friends, in a group of peers, you might be interested in being part of the group, being accepted, and then you accept the rules of the group because you want to be part of it.
00:06:06
Now, there is a more developed step, which is step four, and in step four, it's not only the intention of being accepted, but it is also the intention to obey the rules that we have made by agreement.
00:06:20
the third level the post-conventional level also has two steps step five appears when children act
00:06:32
trying to find a common goal so there is a purpose that we share and that's what impulses us to make
00:06:43
the rules finally step six according to Colbert happens when people realize there are universal
00:06:50
principles, such as the respect of human dignity, that must be the basis of all our goals.
00:06:58
- Idioma/s:
- Autor/es:
- César Prestel
- Subido por:
- César Pedro P.
- Licencia:
- Reconocimiento - No comercial - Compartir igual
- Visualizaciones:
- 151
- Fecha:
- 22 de octubre de 2020 - 17:33
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 07′ 07″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.78:1
- Resolución:
- 1280x720 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 241.80 MBytes
