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Ratios and Aircraft Design - Contenido educativo

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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NASA Connect segment explaining how the Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio help NASA engineers research, design and develop airplanes.

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How are NASA engineers using Fibonacci sequence and the Godent ratio to research, design and 00:00:00
develop airplanes? 00:00:08
When NASA engineers are designing airplanes, they want to be sure that all their airplanes 00:00:09
handle the same way. 00:00:15
It's kind of like driving a car or a truck. 00:00:16
Whatever car or truck you drive should perform the same way. 00:00:19
Anyway, let's say engineers have designed a new airplane with a larger wing than a previous 00:00:22
design. 00:00:28
They have to use ratios to scale or size parts like the ailerons to fit the new wing. 00:00:29
Ailerons are the movable parts of airplane wings that control roll. 00:00:35
If the ailerons are not the correct size for the new wing size, the plane might not fly 00:00:39
the way it should. 00:00:43
So you see, the Golden Ratio helps designers determine the geometric relationships needed 00:00:45
to keep the plane flying the same. 00:00:50
Hey guys, meet Bruce Holmes. 00:00:52
He's an aeronautical engineer at NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. 00:00:55
So Bruce, let us know what you're working on here at NASA. 00:01:00
Well, as Ardith told you, our transportation demand in this country will soar beyond supply 00:01:03
in the new century, the 21st century. 00:01:08
And we have just got to figure out how to make more places available to more people 00:01:12
in less time. 00:01:17
And so we're working with smaller airports and smaller aircraft that fly ever faster 00:01:18
and ever safer than before to meet this 21st century demand. 00:01:24
You're telling me smaller airplanes, you mean like smaller, like this smaller right here. 00:01:28
How is that going to happen, Bruce? 00:01:32
Well, many people don't know that the ratio of the total number of airports in the country 00:01:34
to the number that have hub-and-spoke airline service is about 10 to 1. 00:01:40
And so we can go 10 times as many places and save time for people if we can figure out 00:01:44
how to use these smaller airplanes in smaller airports. 00:01:49
There are several ratios that aircraft designers use to sort of score themselves with the design 00:01:52
of the airplane. 00:01:58
Wing loading, for example, is where you take the whole weight of the airplane and divide 00:01:59
by the wing area that you see out here. 00:02:05
And that gives you a sense of the relationship between the weight of the vehicle to how much 00:02:09
area is supporting it. 00:02:16
Another ratio that's very useful is the total lift efficiency or lift capability of the 00:02:18
wing divided by the weight of the airplane. 00:02:24
And that tells you how efficient of a lifting device the airplane is, and it also tells 00:02:26
you how long the runway needs to be because it tells you how slowly you can land the airplane. 00:02:31
Very important ratio. 00:02:36
Okay, so I guess what you're saying is that smaller airplanes mean smaller runways. 00:02:37
Much smaller runways. 00:02:41
Big runways at big airports can be 10,000 feet, 12,000 feet, 15,000 feet long, and yet 00:02:43
you can use a runway that's only about 2,000 feet, about one-fifth the length. 00:02:49
Okay, Bruce, this plane already exists, obviously. 00:02:54
I mean, you fly this thing around. 00:02:56
How are you and how is NASA going to use an airplane like this to help travel in the future? 00:02:58
The small aircraft transportation system, which is using smaller aircraft and smaller 00:03:06
airports as a means by which we can move more people to more places. 00:03:11
And you're working on this right now at NASA. 00:03:16
What we want to do with SATS is make it possible for people to have another choice for inner 00:03:18
city travel in the 21st century, a bypass around hub lock and a bypass around gridlock. 00:03:23
If you want to be in those systems for other reasons, that's fine. 00:03:30
We'd like to give people an alternative. 00:03:34
We're proposing to make these smaller airports all across the country more accessible in 00:03:36
virtually all weather conditions with airplanes that are as easy to use as cars and cost 00:03:40
about the same as a car trip for long trips. 00:03:46
And about as small as this? 00:03:48
Well, the airplanes will be a little bit bigger than this. 00:03:50
I mean, you'll be surprised, actually, at how big they'll seem once you get in. 00:03:52
They'll seem more like minivans and things like that. 00:03:56
So, if you think about one of the other ratios or proportions that's interesting is how 00:03:58
much power you have in the airplane relative to the weight of the airplane. 00:04:03
We call it power loading or thrust to weight ratio. 00:04:06
And the people at Austin's Glenn Research Center are working on how to get more efficiency 00:04:10
and more thrust out of less weight in engines. 00:04:15
This is like our little map here of telling us how to go. 00:04:19
Let's plan a trip. 00:04:22
Are we there yet? 00:04:23
Gosh. 00:04:24
Well, here's how we find out. 00:04:25
When you navigate, you pull out the map and you just kind of look at your route of flight, 00:04:27
figure out where you're starting from and where you want to go to, and this is kind 00:04:32
of a big mess. 00:04:35
You know, the more you got into it, kind of the more involved this whole thing became. 00:04:36
Oh, yeah. 00:04:41
And then peek over here and make sure everything's still going. 00:04:42
All right. 00:04:44
And we're going to put that away. 00:04:45
Now it's all right here in the computer. 00:04:47
Oh, it's all right here? 00:04:49
Absolutely. 00:04:50
So, we can navigate. 00:04:51
We can see where we are. 00:04:52
We can see where the weather is. 00:04:53
We can see where the traffic is. 00:04:54
We can see where we wanted to go. 00:04:56
And we can also have all of the frequencies and all the information that was on that map 00:04:58
is stored in the computer. 00:05:01
We don't even have to use the map. 00:05:02
So, I just push a button and pull it up. 00:05:03
That's the idea. 00:05:05
Wow. 00:05:06
And you put all these technologies into this airplane. 00:05:07
This is an airplane that has many of the SATS technologies. 00:05:10
There are many more to come, but this is sort of the grandfather of SATS airplane. 00:05:13
So, Jennifer, Van, what do you say we button up and fly on over to the Research Triangle 00:05:17
Institute and look at the computerized simulator where we can put some of this highway in the 00:05:22
sky theory into action? 00:05:26
I love computers. 00:05:28
Let's do it. 00:05:29
That sounds great. 00:05:30
You know, speaking of computers, did you know that the Boeing 777 was the first airplane 00:05:31
ever to be designed completely using a computer? 00:05:35
Isn't that right, Bruce? 00:05:38
That's right. 00:05:39
Yeah, they used computer technology, and it gave engineers immediate feedback and eliminated 00:05:40
the need for building expensive models. 00:05:43
So, while Bruce, Van, and I head over to the Research Triangle Institute, why don't you 00:05:45
go see Dr. Shelley Canright and design an airplane using your own computer? 00:05:49
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Idioma/s:
en
Materias:
Matemáticas
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
467
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 16:53
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
05′ 54″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
35.51 MBytes

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