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1. The causes of the II World War

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Subido el 13 de abril de 2020 por Ruben P.

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Okay, so let's begin the unit 9. This is going to be the unit 00:00:00
Related with the Second World War. So what we are going to see in this unit is this war 00:00:04
This is going to be the last unit of this course. So 00:00:09
Let's begin with it. First the index 00:00:13
So what we are going to study is first the causes of the Second World War 00:00:15
So in order to understand why this Second World War is going to happen 00:00:19
Secondly, we are going to see the development of this war 00:00:24
it means the different phases, the different fronts, how it's going to evolve. 00:00:27
The characteristics of this war, because this is not going to be the same 00:00:32
type of war as we saw in the First World War or before the First World War. 00:00:36
The Third Reich characteristics of the occupation means that we are going to study 00:00:42
this Third Reich, how Germany is going to expand to Eastern Europe, 00:00:46
okay, and how Hitler is going to create this Third Empire, this Third Reich. 00:00:51
The Jews and the Holocaust, you know about this topic, you know about the Concentration 00:00:56
and Extermination Cup, you know about Auschwitz, so what we are going to see is briefly this 00:01:02
part, this characteristic of the Second World War, because this Holocaust happened due to 00:01:09
the Second World War. 00:01:16
We are going to see the consequences finally of the war, it means we are going to start 00:01:20
with the why we have this world why this world is going to happen and we are going to end with 00:01:23
the consequences you know of this war the new world that is going to appear after the second 00:01:30
world war that is the cold war and finally the united nations okay in spanish the onu 00:01:36
the united nations this institution is going to be created in this moment after the second 00:01:44
world war so let's begin with the causes of the second world war okay let's begin with this first 00:01:49
point so what we need to understand is that this first characteristic that is the totalitarian 00:01:55
regimes are desiring for war or they desire for war okay so what does it mean the thing is the 00:02:02
situation after the first world war we have seen the inter-period war we have seen this inter-period 00:02:10
war during the last unit and we have seen that new totalitarian regimes appear we saw the nazi regime 00:02:15
we saw the fascist regime in italy we saw the stalin's regime in russia so what we are going 00:02:25
to see is that hitler and mussolini wanted war they wanted the war in europe they were looking 00:02:32
for this war in Europe. Why Hitler wanted the war in Europe? He wanted the war in Europe because he 00:02:40
remembered the ideas of Nazism related about how to organize Europe, about how to create this great 00:02:48
Germany. He wanted to create a great Germany and in order to do that he needed to expand to Eastern 00:02:54
Europe so it means war he needs to he had an a racist concept of the nation it 00:03:02
means all the Germans must be under the German control so in order to do that we 00:03:10
need to expand to Eastern Europe in order to make these people these German 00:03:16
people to be under German control under a German government third remember and 00:03:21
the Hitler was explaining or was providing with this idea of the 11th 00:03:27
round the idea of Germany needs a new space needs new territories in order to 00:03:37
be self-sufficient okay if Germany wants to survive Germany 00:03:45
needs to expand not only to have these German people inside the German the 00:03:50
German borders, because Germany, if it wants to survive, needs to expand to Eastern Europe 00:03:55
in order to have these resources, these raw materials, these industrial materials in order 00:04:03
to survive, in order to grow. 00:04:10
So the idea is war is necessary for Germany, war is also necessary for Italy, remember 00:04:12
Italy had a nationalist and aggressive foreign policy, Mussolini wanted to create an empire 00:04:19
surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, so remember for both countries war was the tool in order 00:04:28
to create their empires, in order to create their great Italy or great Germany, ok? 00:04:39
this racist concept of nationalism, this idea of Germans must live in Germany, so the unique 00:04:47
option in order to have these Germans in Eastern Europe, inside Germany, is to expand to Eastern 00:04:55
Europe. 00:05:00
The idea of Lebensraum, the idea of living in space, if we want Germany to survive in 00:05:01
this world where Germany is surrounded by enemies, we need to expand to create a huge 00:05:06
empire in order to defeat our enemies okay and the other part is also Italy he 00:05:13
Mussolini wants to create this empire surrounding the Mediterranean and in 00:05:20
order to do that what they need to do is to expand it means they need war in 00:05:25
order to create their empires to reinforce their nationalist and 00:05:32
racist ideas. The other part is, ok, they need war, then it's obvious that they 00:05:41
need war in order to create their empires, but the other part is the 00:05:46
situation in Europe, ok, in this moment, until 1929-1930, before the crash, 00:05:50
the 1929 crash, is a situation, or the world, the European, Europe as 00:05:57
continent and the world is organized based on some international laws and 00:06:07
these international laws established after the First World War wanted to 00:06:12
prevent this war so the idea is in the world what we have is in the 00:06:17
international sphere what we have is laws against the war we have different 00:06:22
treaties and also what we have is a tool an institution that is an international 00:06:28
institution in order to prevent this war or this conflict this institution is the 00:06:34
League of Nations la sociedad de naciones the League of Nations or 00:06:41
social and athena's is going to be the institution that is going to fail okay 00:06:47
this institution wanted to prevent war wanted to foster a policies in order to 00:06:53
help each other to develop solidarity between the different countries in Europe so it means 00:07:00
these totalitarian regimes want war they wanted war because they wanted to expand to create their 00:07:07
empires because they have this racist idea of this racist idea of their nation nations of 00:07:13
nationalism but in the other side what we have is in the international sphere is laws against the 00:07:19
war we have this institution that is the League of Nations that is going to that 00:07:26
his task its task or its goal is to prevent this war so you know that we are 00:07:31
going to have a Second World War so it means the League of Nations is going to 00:07:37
fail and these totalitarian regimes are going to succeed they are not going to 00:07:40
succeed in the end of the world but they are going to succeed breaking the 00:07:45
international the international situation it means the international 00:07:50
laws it means ending with the League of Nations okay so let's see it step by 00:07:55
step so the idea is the fascist regime Italy and Germany wanted to change the 00:08:01
international order what I said the international order was based on what 00:08:05
was based on the League of Nations it means this institution that is going to 00:08:10
act as a mediator of protector of a protector of this order it means not to 00:08:15
have war try to avoid war try to end with the different problems between the 00:08:20
different countries using diplomacy so that so that what they want is to end 00:08:25
these totalitarian regimes wanted to end with negotiations and use aggression 00:08:33
instead of these negotiations it means what we have in the international sphere 00:08:40
in this international order are laws and this institution the League of Nations 00:08:45
okay in order to prevent war in order to use negotiation instead of aggression 00:08:49
okay to solve the international problems what do they want these two people these 00:08:56
two countries Germany with Hitler and Mussolini Italy with Mussolini what they 00:09:01
want is to end with this international order to end with the League of Nations 00:09:07
to end with this idea of use of negotiation instead of aggression why 00:09:12
Why? Because they wanted war in order to create their own empires, in order to make all Germans 00:09:17
to be under German control, or to create this empire, this Roman Empire surrounding the 00:09:24
Mediterranean. 00:09:31
So, the idea is in the international order, the international sphere, peace is the goal. 00:09:32
It means not to use war, to use negotiation instead of aggression, and we have the League 00:09:39
of Nations created after the First World War in order to prevent this war, in order to 00:09:45
protect this order, ok? 00:09:51
So the idea is why, who wants to break this international order? 00:09:54
The totalitarian regimes, Hitler and Mussolini, in order to end with it, because they want 00:09:59
war in order to create their own empires. 00:10:06
If you check this map, what you are going to see is the different countries that formed 00:10:10
the League of Nations. 00:10:16
Who were the founding countries? 00:10:19
Canada, France, Portugal, the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain, the UK, etc. 00:10:21
So many different countries. 00:10:27
Who are the countries that finally are going to leave this League of Nations because they 00:10:29
They want war because they were in favor of Germany and Italy, Spain with Franco, France 00:10:35
after the invasion of Hitler, Italy of course with Mussolini, Japan that is going to expand 00:10:45
and create an empire in Asia, and these Latin American countries. 00:10:51
So these are the countries that they are going to form part of the League of Nations. 00:10:57
Nowadays we have something close to the League of Nations, this institution called the United 00:11:02
Nations that has more or less the same goal. 00:11:07
It means not to use war in order to solve the international problems, to foster solidarity, 00:11:14
economic health, etc. 00:11:22
So this is the League of Nations, these are the countries that they were part of the League 00:11:26
of Nations. 00:11:31
what we see here the colonies of the members it means most of Africa are part 00:11:32
of the League of Nations because they are colonies of the European countries 00:11:38
so in the end in the end these totalitarian regimes wanted war because 00:11:42
what I said racist and nationalist conception international relations what 00:11:49
does it mean remember Hitler wants all the Germans to be under a German 00:11:53
government but also remember the alien race la raza aria it means a superior race so the idea 00:11:58
is hitler wants to expand hitler's wants war because because of this racist conception 00:12:06
germany the germans the alien race is supposed to is superior to the others so this alien race 00:12:14
is supposed to be controlling the others okay so the idea is they are going to understand that 00:12:21
their relation the international relations are not going to be based on a league of nation 00:12:28
protecting the order the international order or to use negotiation instead of aggression 00:12:32
why they are not going to use negotiation because they feel that germany or italy are superior to 00:12:38
the other countries i am not going to negotiate with someone that is inferior to me i will force 00:12:44
this inferior person to be under my control or to accept, okay, or to accept the reality that I'm 00:12:50
superior and I'm controlling the world. ¿Entendéis? So la idea es, esa idea racista lleva a considerar 00:12:58
que si tú, Polonia, eres un país de una raza inferior, yo no voy a negociar contigo en condiciones 00:13:05
iguales. Yo, superior, raza superior área, te controlaré o decidiré qué haré contigo. So that's 00:13:12
idea, this racist and nationalist conception of international relations led Italy and especially 00:13:20
Germany to develop these expansionist policies. It means to expand. Look at this map. This is 00:13:25
Germany after the First World War. Remember Alsace and Lorraine are controlled by Germany 00:13:33
now after the First World War. What is going to happen? Germany is going to create the Great 00:13:39
Hitler is going to create a great Germany. How? First, he is going to 00:13:45
remilitarize this region, the Rhine-Land. Why this region was supposed 00:13:51
not to have an army? Because after the First World War the countries that they 00:13:59
shared frontier with Germany said okay we do not want a German 00:14:04
army in our frontiers it means France Belgium Luxembourg the Netherlands says 00:14:10
okay we do not want Germany to have an army next to us because the last time 00:14:18
during the First World War they use the army and cross the borders invade 00:14:25
Belgium Netherlands and France so what we do not want is this to happen again 00:14:30
So, one of the basic ideas means, okay, or is, this region that is in the borders with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France is not going to have an army, it's going to be demilitarized. 00:14:36
Demilitarized means desmilitarizado. 00:14:52
It means, with no army, there cannot be an army, a German army, in these regions that they are next to the frontiers with the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France, and also Switzerland. 00:14:54
So, what he is going to do, first, we will see that later, Hitler is going to remilitarize this region. 00:15:12
He is going to say, no, no, Germany can have an army here. 00:15:19
after that he is going to annex Austria remember Austria is the Hitler is 00:15:21
Austrian Hitler was born in Austria and in Austria what we are going to find is 00:15:29
most of the population are Germans they speak German they have the same culture 00:15:34
so Austria Hitler thought that Austria was supposed to be part of Germany so 00:15:39
that Hitler is going to annex Austria after that he is going to 00:15:46
annex the Sudetenland this part of Czechoslovakia remember Czechoslovakia is 00:15:51
this country okay now this is the Czech Republic and Slovakia they are two 00:15:56
different countries but this region what is now what is now the Czech Republic is 00:16:02
going to be invaded annexed by Germany too it's going to annex first the 00:16:08
Sudetenland and after that is going to be annexed this region the rest of the 00:16:12
present-day Czech Republic okay so the idea is he is going to acquire the 00:16:19
Sudetenlands first and then he is going to acquire the rest of the Czech 00:16:26
Republic the present-day Czech Republic Slovakia is going to be a protectorate 00:16:31
So, the idea is Germany is going to expand, Germany is going to use war in order to do 00:16:37
what? 00:16:44
First, to remilitarize this region, this German region that is in the borders with the Netherlands, 00:16:45
Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Switzerland. 00:16:50
Second is going to annex Austria, then the Sudetenland and finally the rest of the Czech 00:16:53
Republic, Bohemia and Moravia. 00:16:59
This region here are called Bohemia and Moravia. 00:17:02
So if you check, this is in 1936, this is in March 1938, this is in October 1938, this 00:17:06
is in March 1939, and this is in September 1939, ok? 00:17:16
And then the rest of Poland, and the beginning of the Second World War. 00:17:24
So as you can see, Germany wants to expand to the east, Germany wants to create this 00:17:29
empire and he, Hitler, is going to start expanding and expanding Germany 00:17:34
first occupying, military occupying this region and after that occupying Austria 00:17:44
the Sudetenlands and finally Bohemia and Moravia and Poland. So what we need to 00:17:50
understand this we are in in Europe or the world in this moment has or we are 00:17:58
going to have the Second World War first because we have these totalitarian 00:18:06
regimes that they want war and they were war they want war because of this racist 00:18:10
and nationalist conception of the international relations because they 00:18:15
want to expand because they feel that they are superior to the other so they 00:18:18
can control them and in order to do that they wanted to end with these two ideas 00:18:22
ideas the idea of negotiation instead of aggression for the international relations 00:18:26
and also to end with the League of Nations that was the institution created after the first world 00:18:31
war in order to protect this international order based on negotiation instead of aggression 00:18:38
so the second thing or the second idea the second cause is that in the world what we are going to 00:18:47
see or we they are going to feel is an escalation in the aggressions it means 00:18:53
there is the aggressions are escalating so the thing is we are going to see 00:18:58
before the Second World War a lot of different conflicts we are going to see 00:19:04
not only the expansion of Germany but also of Japan etc we are going to see it 00:19:10
right now so the idea is Japan for example is going to expand a conquering 00:19:15
part of China we are going to see how Italy is going to conquer Ethiopia and Albania also Germany 00:19:21
is going to expand so the idea is in the 30s during the 30s we are going to see how this 00:19:28
international order based on negotiation instead of aggression is going to start falling apart 00:19:34
and it's going to appear a new international order that is going to be based on war on aggression 00:19:41
and it has been developed by Germany, Italy and Japan. 00:19:48
The three countries that they are going to fight together 00:19:55
against France, the UK, the USA, the Soviet Union 00:19:57
during the Second World War. 00:20:02
So let's see these different conflicts before the Second World War. 00:20:05
The first one is in Asia. 00:20:09
Japan is going to occupy first Manchuria in 1931 00:20:12
and then China in 1937. 00:20:15
This is the map. 00:20:18
Japan that is here is going to conquer Manchuria, this region here. 00:20:22
Japan controlled since 1910 Korea and he is going to expand to Manchuria, to the north, 00:20:27
in 1931. 00:20:36
And after that, in 1937, is going to expand in China. 00:20:37
So as you can see, Japan is expanding, this is the Japanese Empire in Orange in 1870, 00:20:47
in 1932 this region is going to be under control of Japan, in 1837 this other region, and after 00:20:57
that it's going to expand to the rest. 00:21:06
the Philippines were American from the U.S. or belonging to the U.S. Vietnam and this the French 00:21:10
Indochina we talk about this French Indochina was French of course they are going to conquer 00:21:21
Thailand or and they are going to conquer Burma that they are a British colonies so the idea is 00:21:27
the beginning they are going to expand to china to manchuria in 1931 and to this part of 00:21:34
china in 1937 and finally during the second world war okay they are going to expand conquering the 00:21:42
european colonies in asia why japan is going to expand why japan is going to conquer all these 00:21:49
territories in asia the first thing you need to understand or you need to think of is that japan 00:21:56
is an asian country remember europe is controlling the world in 1930 in the 1930s europe is controlling 00:22:02
africa and asia due to their colonies so they want to defeat these people the europeans 00:22:10
and let these asian people to be free what is the problem the problem is you could say okay japan 00:22:17
is correct if they have enough power they can expel the Europeans from this 00:22:25
region and they can set these people free to be independent but the problem 00:22:32
is Japan is going to have also a racist conception of the international 00:22:40
relations Japanese people are going to believe that they are a superior race in 00:22:45
Asia and they are supposed to control this inferior race in Eastern Asia so 00:22:50
the idea is Japan that is here okay is going to expand in Eastern Asia to 00:22:59
control a huge Empire based on the same ideas as Hitler as Germany Germany and 00:23:05
Italy wanted to create an empire because they have this racist conception 00:23:12
international relations and Japan is going to have them too so Japan is going 00:23:16
to expand in eastern Asia in order to to control these regions because they are a 00:23:21
superior race and in order to expel the European the Europeans from these 00:23:28
colonies remember yeah if they are a superior race they are going to do 00:23:35
anything they want with the Chinese they are going to kill them for example 00:23:41
cutting of their heads they are going to kill them in many different ways okay 00:23:47
they are going to be a real massacres in China okay they are going to kill even 00:23:53
children so the idea is Japan is going to expand in Asia in the continent and 00:24:01
is going to expand to Asia or in Asia because of this racist conception the 00:24:10
idea of Japanese people are superior in comparison with the other races in in 00:24:16
Asia the other parties in Africa Italy is going to conquer Ethiopia in 1935 and 00:24:23
in 1939 Albania so Italy with the same conception racist conception this one 00:24:29
not racist conception in this case is well there is going to be a racist 00:24:36
conception but basically they want to create this huge Empire they want to 00:24:39
give back to Italy their glory the lost glory the Roman Empire lost glory so 00:24:44
what they want is to expand okay and they are going to conquer in 1835 00:24:52
Ethiopia and they are going to conquer in 1839 Albania why you can say you can 00:24:57
ask me okay but the League of Nations is not supposed to be avoiding these wars 00:25:04
avoiding these problems yes the League of Nations is going to make these people 00:25:09
these countries to pay because they were doing something wrong they were 00:25:15
attacking and controlling new territories so the League of Nations is 00:25:20
going to say ok Japan we are going to we are against your policy you must pay for 00:25:25
what you are doing do you think Japan is going to pay or Italy is going to pay 00:25:31
for this concourse? No. So the League of Nations is going to fail. And you'll see 00:25:36
why the League of Nations is going to fail. The League of Nations is going to 00:25:43
try to avoid these wars, is going to try to avoid these 00:25:46
aggressions, this expansionist foreign policy, but the League of Nations is 00:25:53
going to fail and we will see later on why is going to fail. Remember Italy and 00:26:00
Germany are going to support Franco during the Spanish Civil War, okay, and France and Germany 00:26:05
are not going to get involved. So, what you are going to see in the international sphere, 00:26:09
in the international relations is, or international order, is that the democracies are not going to 00:26:15
support the Spanish Republic, that is also a democratic state, so they are not going to get 00:26:21
involved, and Germany and Italy are going to support Franco. So, what we are going to see is 00:26:26
Germany and Italy are really active in this international sphere they are conquering new 00:26:32
territories as Japan is doing okay and they are supporting people that they are close on their 00:26:38
ideologies okay so Italy and Germany are going to support Franco during the Spanish civil war 00:26:44
okay while France and Germany are not going to get involved okay remember Franco with Hitler in 00:26:50
in Andalya, okay, in France, after the Spanish Civil War, Hitler is going to talk with Franco 00:26:56
about the possible participation of Spain in the Second World War, but Hitler finally is going to 00:27:04
reject the ideas of Franco of participating in the Second World War, so it means Hitler is going to 00:27:10
stop Franco from participating in the Second World War, okay, more images about this meeting, 00:27:17
another image another photograph about this meeting okay and finally Germany is going to 00:27:23
expand what I said Germany is going to violate the terms of the Treaty of Versailles when they 00:27:33
remilitarize the Greenland remember this region here okay remember the Treaty of Versailles 00:27:39
established that this region cannot have a German army because they want to prevent a possible 00:27:46
german attack france luxembourg belgium and the netherlands what is going to happen is in 1936 00:27:53
germany is going to break this treaty of versailles and is going to remilitarize the 00:28:00
ringland you could say why france and uh and and great britain or the uk are doing are doing 00:28:06
nothing about this you'll see later on but they are going to do nothing because they do they want 00:28:13
to avoid a possible war ok so the idea is germany is expanding but as we do not want we want germany 00:28:19
to stop expanding but we do not want to do something ok that that provoke germany to attack 00:28:28
us we do not want again a world war remember also in march 1938 germany is going to occupy austria 00:28:36
This process, Germany occupying Austria, is called Anschluss, es decir, Anschluss es en alemán la unión entre Alemania y Austria, es el proceso de unión de Austria, de anexión de Austria a Alemania, es decir, this territory here, Austria, is going to be part now of Germany and is going to happen in 1938, ok? 00:28:45
so first 1936 remilitarized the Greenland after that we Germany is going to annex Austria and 00:29:14
this annexion is going to be peaceful okay these are the images okay this is the German army getting 00:29:22
in Austria this is the Austrian people okay greeting the German army with the fastest 00:29:31
the fastest symbols here it is again the same the Austrian people the young people with the 00:29:39
Nazi flag saying welcome to Austria thanks for annexing Austria to Germany and remember Germany 00:29:50
wants to expand to Eastern Europe because of this this is German okay the in purple what we 00:30:01
find is the german people okay the ethnic the german race and if you check in austria most of 00:30:09
the population they are from the same group ethnic group also the sudetland okay most of the population 00:30:17
in the sudetland are germans okay and if you check in eastern europe you are going to find 00:30:24
also some germans in hungary some germans in poland some germans even in russian territory 00:30:30
So that's why Germany is going to expand to the east in order to have this population, this German population, under a German government. 00:30:37
So this is the escalating aggression. 00:30:51
What we are going to see now is, okay, we have these totalitarian regimes. 00:30:54
They want war in order to expand. 00:30:59
They want to establish this new international order based on superior races controlling inferior races. 00:31:01
We have all these conflicts, this aggression, that they are going to lead to the Second World War. 00:31:07
But also, what you need to understand is, in order to do all these things, 00:31:17
these countries, Japan, Italy and Germany, are going to sign alliances. 00:31:21
Okay? 00:31:27
So, the idea is, apart from this aggressive foreign policy, fascist countries sign supportive international treaties. 00:31:28
It means, oye, todos estamos en el mismo bando. 00:31:33
Todos tenemos la misma idea de cómo debe ser el orden internacional 00:31:36
Nos tenemos que unir 00:31:40
So in order to be together to break this international order 00:31:41
Based on negotiation instead of aggression 00:31:46
Based on the League of Nations trying to avoid this war 00:31:49
What we are going to do is to form these alliances 00:31:54
In order to end with this international order 00:31:57
So let's see 00:32:01
Why they want these alliances? 00:32:02
What I said, to change the world order together 00:32:04
so it means ok Germany can change the world order alone no but I have friends 00:32:06
I have countries that they have more or less the same as the ideas as I do Italy 00:32:12
Japan also Spain with Franco so the idea is in 1936 they are going to create this 00:32:17
the Rome Berlin axis el eje Roma Berlin valen el eje Roma Berlin the Rome 00:32:24
Berlin Axis, that is this military alliance, that is going to be renewed in 1939, now called 00:32:33
Pact of Steel, El Pacto de Acero. 00:32:43
As you can see, in 1940, Japan is going to be included in this Pact of Steel. 00:32:46
So it means, in 1936, they are going to create, Italy and Germany, are going to create this 00:32:51
alliance called the rome berlin axis okay and in 1939 three years later is going to be renewed 00:32:57
renovada estalianza okay under the name of pact of steel pacto de acero a year later in 1940 japan 00:33:05
is going to be included in this pact of steel maybe you know these names elege when they were 00:33:13
calling the axis they are talking about this alliance rome it means italy and germany 00:33:20
also this pack of the steel this part of the steel this part of the acero okay is going to include 00:33:28
first germany and italy and germany and also later on japan so what we are talking is in this 00:33:35
international sphere in this international order we are seeing some countries that they have they 00:33:43
want the same or they have the same idea about the international relations and 00:33:49
they have the same goals to expand to create huge countries based on racist 00:33:54
and nationalist ideas so Germany Hitler and Mussolini Italy signing the treaty 00:34:00
the the Romer in axis here what we have is Matsuoka Matsuoka is the the foreign 00:34:06
minister of Japan and he is going to sign the Pact of Steel with Hitler and also with Mussolini. 00:34:15
So what you can see here is how the Japanese government is going to allied with Germany. 00:34:25
Why Japan wanted to allied with Germany? Because of two main reasons. First, because they have the 00:34:31
same racist conception and racist ideas and of course they are supposed to be allies because 00:34:38
they think in the same way second because japan wants to have a stronger international position 00:34:44
against the usa because the usa is a threat for japan so japan wants to have strong allies in 00:34:52
order to in order to have a stronger position in the international sphere in the international 00:35:00
order in order to avoid in order to avoid the USA to attack Japan okay so the idea is we have the 00:35:07
same racist and nationalist conception second you are going to give me a stronger political 00:35:17
position in the international sphere okay against the USA so this is the world the international 00:35:25
situation before the Second World War, okay? Second, also in 1936, in November, Germany is 00:35:33
going to create or is going to sign the Anti-Communist Pact with Japan. What is this Anti-Communist 00:35:42
Pact? Means a pact against the communist countries, against the Soviet Union. So, the idea is Germany, 00:35:48
is going to sign a treaty, this anti-communism pact with Japan, also later on with Italy, 00:35:57
in order to create an alliance against communism. 00:36:08
Remember, fascism is against communism. 00:36:13
So they are going to create this anti-communism pact against communism, against the Soviet Union. 00:36:16
And finally, what we have is the Nazi-Soviet pact, and you could ask me, ok, how is this 00:36:24
possible? 00:36:31
If they have signed a treaty against communism, why Hitler is signing a pact with the Soviet 00:36:32
Union? 00:36:40
Ok, it's going to be a pact between Hitler and Stalin, and this treaty is possible because 00:36:41
Stalin is alone in Europe. 00:36:47
Ok, let's see if I can explain this right. 00:36:50
Stalin do not like Hitler, Stalin is against fascism, is against nazism, the problem is 00:36:55
Great Britain and France are not helping the Soviet Union against Germany, so in a specific 00:37:03
moment Stalin is going to say, ok, you democratic countries are not going to support me, what 00:37:11
What I'm going to do is going to sign a treaty with Hitler in order to do what? 00:37:18
In order to divide Poland. 00:37:25
In order to conquer Poland. 00:37:28
Poland is going to be divided in two regions, one region is going to be controlled by Hitler, 00:37:30
the other by Stalin, ok? 00:37:35
So the idea is, ok, I'm going to sign a treaty with Hitler that is going to avoid Hitler 00:37:38
attacking me, attacking the Soviet Union. 00:37:43
At least, I'm defending the Soviet Union. 00:37:46
So, the idea is, as Great Britain and France are not supporting Stalin against Hitler, 00:37:51
Stalin decided to sign a treaty with Hitler that is going to prevent or stop Hitler from attacking Stalin. 00:37:58
That is, Stalin says, I'm alone, so the only alternative is to sign an agreement with the enemy to avoid the attack on Russia. 00:38:06
That's the idea. 00:38:15
So the idea is, we want to prevent a war with Hitler, we want to defeat Hitler, we want 00:38:16
to do that along with France, Great Britain, the other democratic countries. 00:38:24
But they are not in favor of stopping Hitler's expansion. 00:38:29
So that Stalin is going to sign this treaty with Hitler in order to avoid war against 00:38:36
Germany and the Soviet Union, and in order to divide Poland in two areas, you'll see. 00:38:41
So here is Ribbentrop, here is Molotov, here is Stalin, what you see here is the Russian 00:38:49
Foreign Affairs Ministry, and here is the German Foreign Affairs Ministry. 00:39:03
So the idea is these two ministries are going to sign this treaty, the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 00:39:07
that is called also the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty because of the name of the Foreign 00:39:13
Affairs Ministries, and this treaty is going to divide Poland, if you check here in this 00:39:21
map what you have is Germany here, Germany is going to remilitarize Finland, Germany 00:39:29
Germany is going to annex Austria, Germany is going to annex the Sudetenlands and later 00:39:37
on is going to annex the rest of Bohemia and Moravia, it means the rest of the present 00:39:43
day Czech Republic. 00:39:50
After that, what we have here is Poland, remember this is Poland, so the idea is they are going 00:39:54
to divide Poland in two pieces okay this area for the Soviet Union this area for Germany that's the 00:40:07
idea so they are going to sign this treaty this treaty is going to say okay Germany and Russia 00:40:14
are not going to enter war Germany and Russia are not going to fight each other but Germany is going 00:40:20
to acquire east western Poland and Russia is going to acquire eastern Poland why they are going to 00:40:27
share these two territories why they are going to divide poland because germany wants to expand 00:40:35
to eastern europe in order to create their empire in order to have the german people that they are 00:40:40
in poland to be under a german control a german government and also russia wants to conquer or 00:40:46
take back these territories that were lost during the first world war if you remember the treaty 00:40:53
the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Brest-Litovsk Treaty established that these regions here 00:41:01
were for Germany and these regions here after the First World War are going to be independent 00:41:07
and they are going to create this new country that is Poland. 00:41:13
So the Second World War is going to start with this treaty that is going to mean that 00:41:16
Germany is going to conquer Poland and is going to acquire Western Poland 00:41:23
while eastern poland is going to be conquered by russia 00:41:30
so the last point of this uh of the the last epigraph of this point is the answer of the 00:41:34
democracies we were talking about this we were talking about great britain and france doing 00:41:51
nothing the the the united states doing nothing and that's true it's true they are going to do 00:41:56
nothing against a Hitler expansion Mussolini's expansion or Japan's expansion okay why they are 00:42:02
going to do nothing because they do not want to start another war they said okay let's do let's 00:42:11
let them do whatever they want let's let's let's let um Hitler Mussolini and Japan to conquer the 00:42:17
territories they want in order to avoid a war it means hitler wants to annex austria fine let's him 00:42:29
annex austria it's fine we do not want to start a war because maybe we if we if we 00:42:37
prevent hitler from occupying austria or remilitarizing renania or rinland the hitler 00:42:44
is going to declare war on us so what we do not want is a war so in order to prevent the war what 00:42:53
we are going to do is just to um is just to let hitler mussolini and japan do whatever they want 00:43:00
so this policy this policy of the great britain france and the u.s is going to be called policy 00:43:08
of appeasement. Política de apaciguamiento. It means, okay, let Hitler, Mussolini and Japan 00:43:21
get anything or conquer anything they want in order to avoid a new war. We do not want another 00:43:28
war as like the First World War, but in the end there is going to be a war. 00:43:37
The USA insulated from the world's problem. It means the USA is going to say, okay, 00:43:43
I'm going to focus on my own problems, on the problems of unemployment due to the crisis of 1929 00:43:48
I'm going to focus on these problems, these 00:43:56
domestic problems, okay, provoked by the 00:44:00
Economic crisis and provoked by the social crisis 00:44:05
So they want to, they are going to say, okay 00:44:09
We are we are not going to take care of 00:44:11
Germany because we need to take care of our inner problems our domestic 00:44:13
problems the same from the UK of France okay they are going to pay attention to 00:44:18
their domestic issues unemployment social unrest etc okay so the idea is 00:44:24
they are going to be a focus on these problems that they have been provoked by 00:44:29
the by the crisis of 1929 as I said across the 29 is going to promote this 00:44:36
unemployment and social unrest so the UK the USA France are going to focus on 00:44:44
this also remember during the Spanish Civil War they established this policy 00:44:49
the non-intervention policy okay if France the UK and the USA didn't 00:44:54
intervened in the Spanish Civil War is because they didn't want to have another 00:45:01
European war it means Great Britain France and the US has been applying a 00:45:09
policy of appeasement during the 30s because they wanted to focus on their 00:45:15
attention on their domestic problems okay and they have done this when Japan 00:45:20
expanded to Manchuria and China when Italy expanded in Ethiopia and Albania 00:45:26
when a Germany and Italy supported Franco during the Spanish Civil War they 00:45:35
are going to establish in that moment the non-intervention policy it means not 00:45:42
to intervene in this civil war and not to support the the Spanish Republic okay 00:45:47
always always everything done in order to avoid a war with Germany and with Italy because Germany 00:45:53
and Italy they understood the international order based on war so they knew that if they 00:46:02
tried to stop for example Germany and Italy to help Franco they could enter war they could expand 00:46:10
this Spanish war this war in Spain to the rest of the continent so in order to do that they are 00:46:18
going to develop this non-intervention policy this policy of appeasement it means let Hitler 00:46:24
and Mussolini do what they want because the most important goal is not to have an European war in 00:46:30
Europe okay not to have a world war in Europe a new war in Europe of course we need to add to this 00:46:38
the weakness of the League of Nations if the UK France and US do not want to stop Franco or 00:46:46
to stop Hitler or Mussolini the League of Nations is not going to have power to do it 00:46:53
because the most important countries that they are supporting the policy of the League of Nations 00:46:58
are saying let them do okay so the idea is the League of this League of Nations is really weak 00:47:03
because the US the UK and France are not supporting this policy okay they are not 00:47:11
going to support this institution in order to stop Hitler to stop Mussolini and to stop 00:47:18
Japan okay so the League of Nations is going to be weak and the League of Nations is going to fail 00:47:23
okay finally what we need to talk is about the two last conflicts tolerated by the democracies 00:47:29
What we are seeing with this policy of appeasement is that the US, the UK and France are letting Hitler, Mussolini and Japan do anything they want. 00:47:37
So the idea is, which are the last two conflicts that these countries are going to tolerate? 00:47:47
Which are the last two conflicts tolerated by these democracies? 00:47:53
First, the acquisition of the Sudetenland, the annexation of the Sudetenland. 00:47:57
Okay, here is Hitler, here is Mussolini, here what we have is the Prime Minister of France 00:48:03
and Great Britain, and the idea is they are going to join together, they are going to 00:48:11
be gathered in the Munich Conference in 1938, okay, where Great Britain is going to accept 00:48:19
Germany to annex the Sudetenland, okay? 00:48:25
Why they are going to accept this? Because they prefer to accept Hitler acquiring the Sudetenland and promising Hitler he is going to expand no further. 00:48:28
¿Qué quiere decir? La conferencia de Múnich se da porque Gran Bretaña y Francia ven que van a ocupar, Alemania quiere ocupar los Sudetes, Sudetenland. 00:48:40
to avoid it, the two options that are, are either war or diplomacy. 00:48:52
They are going to opt for diplomacy. 00:48:59
And at that conference in Munich they are going to accept that part of Czechoslovakia 00:49:01
ends in German hands, in exchange for Hitler's promise of not expanding anymore. 00:49:05
That's the idea. 00:49:10
So the Munich conference in 1938, okay, was signed by Great Britain, Germany, France and Italy. 00:49:11
And in this conference, the agreement was, okay, Germany is going to annex the Sudetenland, okay? 00:49:19
Germany is going to annex these territories that they are full of German people. 00:49:26
Remember this racist conception, the idea of all the Germans must be inside of Germany, under a German government. 00:49:33
So the idea is they are going to accept Germany to annex the Sudetenland. 00:49:41
why so in exchange of what in exchange of Hitler is going to promise to expand 00:49:47
no further do you think Hitler is not going to expand is going to a it's going 00:49:54
to follow this promise is going to accept this promise of course not Hitler 00:50:02
is going to expand in March 1939 and is going to occupy finally Czechoslovakia 00:50:08
So, this is the idea, Hitler is going to expand, sorry, here are the Sudetenlands that they 00:50:14
are going to annex in September 1938 due to this Munich conference and after that in 1939, 00:50:21
in March 1939, Hitler is going to occupy Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakia, ok, Hitler is going 00:50:30
to occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia. 00:50:38
Part of Czechoslovakia is going to be for Hungary, part of Czechoslovakia is going to 00:50:42
go for Poland in the beginning. 00:50:46
So the idea is, these are the two last conflicts accepted by Great Britain, France and the 00:50:49
US. 00:50:55
It means the Sudetenland, to annex the Sudetenland in the Munich Conference in September 1938, 00:50:56
And after that, the occupation, the conquest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939, okay? 00:51:05
And to share, to give this, to share out the territory of Czechoslovakia with other countries, 00:51:14
this to Poland, these regions to Hungary. 00:51:20
Slovakia, this part of here, is going to be a protectorate of Germany. 00:51:25
Remember, we saw what is a protectorate during the Unit 5 related with imperialism, which 00:51:29
talk about the different type of colonies and one of them was a protectorate so here Hitler 00:51:36
is going to create a protectorate with Slovakia this region Bohemia and Moravia what is present 00:51:42
day Czech Republic is going to be part of Germany okay so Germany is going to be here this is going 00:51:48
to be the new frontier of Germany by March 1939 okay why how they are going to justify these 00:51:56
annexions. They are going to justify these annexions based on the idea of 00:52:07
Lebensraum, the living space. We need to expand in order to survive. Why? Because 00:52:11
Germany is surrounded by enemies. You don't understand this, it's in Germany, 00:52:17
but the idea is this is the number of soldiers, so the idea is Germany is 00:52:22
surrounded by enemies. Germany is surrounded by enemies. Who are the 00:52:27
enemies France the USA the communists the Soviet Union so due to this situation 00:52:32
Germany surrounded by enemies Germany only have one way to avoid this 00:52:39
situation to avoid this this this negative situation where all these 00:52:44
countries are surrounding and they could attack also the allies that they are 00:52:52
Italy the idea is to expand to Eastern Europe not only Germany but also Italy 00:52:57
okay so remember to occupy first the Rhineland in 1936 then in March 1938 00:53:04
Austria in September October 1938 the Sudetenland and finally in March 1939 00:53:16
Bohemia and Moravia okay so what is the the conflict that is going to trigger 00:53:22
that is going to start this the Second World War the Nazi-Soviet pact in the 00:53:28
moment that this Nazi-Soviet pact is signed the UK and France are going to 00:53:34
tell are going to threaten Germany saying okay if you invade Poland we are 00:53:40
going to have a war when Hitler invaded Poland the 3rd of the September 3rd in 00:53:45
1939 the war was declared and Germany France and the UK were at war in that 00:53:51
moment so the idea is we have these democracies these democratic countries 00:53:58
that they are going to develop this policy of appeasement in order to avoid 00:54:04
a war with Hitler with Germany okay they are going to focus their attention on 00:54:08
the on the domestic issues because this is a really important thing not the 00:54:16
expansionist policy of Germany so they are going to make weak or even weaker 00:54:22
the League of Nations so the League of Nations is going to fail is not going to 00:54:29
is not going to be able to stop or prevent Germany to expand to Eastern 00:54:32
Europe and there are going to be a two last conflicts tolerated by these 00:54:38
democracies okay remember they tolerated the expansion of Japan in 1931 to 00:54:43
Manchuria and in 1937 to China. They tolerated the annexation of Ethiopia and Albania by Italy 00:54:47
and they tolerated the support of Germany and Italy to Franco during the Spanish Civil War. 00:54:54
Now they are going to tolerate the Munich, also the Anschluss, it means the annexation of Austria 00:55:01
in March 1938. Now what we are going to see is that they are going to accept in the Munich 00:55:06
conference the annexation of the Sudetenland. It means the annexation of a 00:55:12
territory of a different country that is Czechoslovakia. In exchange of 00:55:16
what? This promise of Hitler to expand no further. After that they are going to 00:55:22
accept the occupation of Czechoslovakia by Hitler in March 1939. These are 00:55:27
the two last conflicts because in September 1939 the UK and France are 00:55:35
going to declare war to Hitler because of the Nazi-Soviet pact. Remember the 00:55:40
Nazi-Soviet pact established is a pact of no aggression between Germany and the 00:55:45
Soviet Union and also is a pact in order to divide Poland in two areas, a Soviet 00:55:53
area and a German area. So the UK and France with this pact they said okay we 00:56:00
are not going to accept any other annexion made by Germany so Hitler if 00:56:06
you attack Poland we are going to go into war so Hitler is going to invade 00:56:13
Poland in 3rd September the 3rd 1939 and then the UK and France are going to 00:56:18
declare war to Germany and the Second World War started okay so this is the 00:56:24
idea the Germans are going to occupy this eastern part and the western part 00:56:31
is going to be occupied by by the soviets by the soviet union sorry by the the communists 00:56:35
the army entering the german army entering in poland okay and these are the different 00:56:43
newspapers say war german troops invade poland nazis bomb nazis bomb bolso 00:56:51
Hitler opens war, bombs Polish cities, Britain and France mobilize as Poland calls for aid. 00:56:59
So this is the idea, is the war. 00:57:08
The war is going to break September 3, 1939. 00:57:11
The next video would be the explanation of the development of the war. 00:57:16
Autor/es:
Rubén Peinado González
Subido por:
Ruben P.
Licencia:
Dominio público
Visualizaciones:
149
Fecha:
13 de abril de 2020 - 18:26
Visibilidad:
Público
Centro:
IES ANTARES
Duración:
57′ 21″
Relación de aspecto:
1.78:1
Resolución:
1280x720 píxeles
Tamaño:
345.51 MBytes

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