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Characteristics of Totalitarianism - Contenido educativo
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Hello class. Today I'm going to explain the main characteristics of totalitarianism, this new political ideology that emerged during the interwar period in the 1920s and in the 1930s.
00:00:00
So let's start by looking at the main characteristics of the political parties, of the totalitarian political parties.
00:00:18
When the fascists came into power in Italy in the 1920s and also when the Nazis came into power in Germany in the 1930s, both of them had full political power and they managed to control every area, every aspect of people's lives.
00:00:29
For example, when the Nazis came into power in Germany, when they rose to power, they were able to implement a totalitarian political system where the political power was concentrated in the state, in the leader, in Hitler,
00:00:54
who demanded blind obedience over the German society. So at that moment, at that time in Italy and also in Germany, there was no personal freedom, neither political pluralism.
00:01:19
At that moment, there was no personal freedom because obviously the freedom of speech, the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association were banned in both countries.
00:01:38
And there was no political pluralism because the only countries which were legalized in Germany and also in Italy were the fascists in Italy and the Nazis in Germany.
00:01:52
Both political parties repressed the political opposition with strong violence. And let me give you only one example. Hitler wrote all of these ideas before getting the power in the 1920s in his book, in the main camp, in my fight, Miluccia.
00:02:09
So he became chancellor in January 1933 and he gave the order to build the concentration camp in Dachau, close to Munich, in February, one month later on.
00:02:34
He gave the order to build the concentration camp in Dachau against socialists, against communists, against other political races, against the Aryan race, for example, the Jewish community.
00:02:53
Another important characteristic of the totalitarian political system was the complete control over the economy and over the society. The totalitarian system, the state, had complete control over the economy and over the society.
00:03:12
And the best example of that was the burning of the Reichstag. Because the Nazis, for example, declared themselves as anti-communists, as anti-capitalists. The Reichstag, the parliament in Germany, was the main symbol of democracy, parliamentarism and capitalism.
00:03:36
So the Nazis blamed the communists at that moment. Here we have Marius van der Lubbe, who was a communist, who was found inside of the Reichstag. And for this reason the Nazis blamed the communists for burning the Reichstag.
00:04:02
But in reality the Nazis organised everything. They were the main instigators because they wanted to reduce the power of the communists at that moment. So in the totalitarian political system, as I said before, the totalitarian political parties had complete control over the economy and over the society.
00:04:24
Another example was the minister of propaganda in Germany, Josef Goebbels. Goebbels became the minister of propaganda and together with Hitler, both of them wanted to sell radios in all German homes.
00:04:53
And when the Germans found out this policy, they thought that Germany became very, very modern. But in reality everything was an idea, a tricky idea from Goebbels and from Hitler.
00:05:14
Because both of them wanted to sell radios in all German homes to get their message, to get their Nazi message across.
00:05:32
So both of them, Goebbels and Hitler, used the censorship and the control of the media and the German education to have complete control over the German society.
00:05:46
Also the Nazis rejected the idea of equality. Why? Because they thought that the party members were superior to other men.
00:06:03
Obviously they thought that men were superior to women and the Aryan race, the Yemen race, superior to other races such as the Slavs or the Jewish community.
00:06:16
So the Nazis were elitists for sure because Hitler thought that his main supporters such as Goebbels, Himmler who was the leader of the SS, Rudolf Hess and also Goebbels, his propaganda minister.
00:06:33
Hitler thought that all of these men, the party members, were superior to other men. And also he thought that men in general, broadly speaking, were superior to women.
00:06:53
Actually the main role for women was to take care of the children, to go to the church, to cook, but there was no important women at the top of the political party.
00:07:10
His main role was to increase the birth rates in Germany, to give birth to the future Aryan and Yemens that had to fight in war. Because Germany at that moment was planning to take over more and more territories.
00:07:26
As I said before, the Aryan race was superior, was considered to be superior than other races such as the Jewish community. And for this reason the party members, the Nazi party members, gave the order to a boycott against the Jewish shops.
00:07:52
So the Nazis in general were considered to be superior than other races because they were planning to conquer the vast majority of the territories on Eastern Europe.
00:08:18
This idea was called the 11th round and it wasn't an idea from the Nazis, it was an idea from the end of the 19th century, but Hitler took this idea on purpose in order to conquer the vast majority of the territories on Eastern Europe, such as what is now the Czech Republic, Poland and also Russia.
00:08:34
So the Nazis, for example, and also the fascists in Italy, believed in irrational thinking. They were against science, they were against reason.
00:09:02
In reality they were fanatics who had their own symbols, their own songs, their own uniforms, such as the black shirts in Italy, who were the main supporters of Mussolini and the SA under the rule of Ernst Röhm, another supporter of Hitler.
00:09:15
The SA was an important army inside of the Nazi political party who gave their support to Hitler. Both of them, the black shirts and the SA, were in reality fanatics who gave their support to both political parties.
00:09:42
And also both of them, the fascists in Italy and the Nazis in Germany, they strongly believed in ultra-nationalism and militarism.
00:10:10
Both of them wanted to conquer even more territories because they thought that his main duty was to reunify the nation. They wanted to implement, in the case of Nazi Germany, the 11th round.
00:10:24
They wanted to conquer more territories and for this reason they were in favor of a strong army. They defended the idea of war in order to give power, prestige and progress to the Germans and to the Italians.
00:10:46
But all of these ideas brought the Second World War. This is another story that I will explain very soon. Thank you for your attention and bye bye!
00:11:06
- Autor/es:
- Luis Horrillo Sánchez
- Subido por:
- Luis H.
- Licencia:
- Todos los derechos reservados
- Visualizaciones:
- 204
- Fecha:
- 24 de abril de 2023 - 21:00
- Visibilidad:
- Público
- Centro:
- IES CERVANTES
- Duración:
- 11′ 24″
- Relación de aspecto:
- 1.83:1
- Resolución:
- 3840x2100 píxeles
- Tamaño:
- 37.92 MBytes