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Brazil - A new era (long version)

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Subido el 9 de agosto de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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Brazil - A new era (long version)

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The massive city of Sao Paulo is the commercial centre of Brazil and the heart of business 00:00:00
is the city's stock exchange. 00:00:06
500 Brazilian companies are listed here and every day 500 million euro is traded. 00:00:08
Although there is still poverty in the characteristics of a developing nation, Brazil is no third 00:00:16
world country. 00:00:21
Today it's one of the world's major economies and is lining up alongside China, India and 00:00:23
Russia as one of the economic superpowers of the future. 00:00:28
Dynamic economic growth has established Brazil as an upper middle income country. 00:00:33
In terms of trade relations, the European Union is Brazil's biggest trading partner, 00:00:38
taking a quarter of Brazil's exports. 00:00:42
As Brazilian investment in the EU increases, so too does European investment in Brazil. 00:00:46
Whether it's Nokia, Volkswagen, Telefónica or Carrefour, European brands are household 00:00:52
names. 00:00:58
Brazil's biggest company is Petrobras, an oil and energy corporation that's developing 00:01:00
an international market for its innovative biofuel technologies. 00:01:05
These days it's not surprising to find multinational oil companies taking green energy seriously. 00:01:10
And this is an area where Brazil has a head start. 00:01:16
During the oil crisis in the 1970s, Brazil responded by running engines on ethanol produced 00:01:20
from sugar cane. 00:01:26
By the middle of the 1980s, a third of the national fleet was using ethanol as fuel. 00:01:27
You have been using ethanol as a fuel, as a substitute for gasoline for a long time. 00:01:34
So the company, Petrobras, and the country both have a very, very long history, a very 00:01:40
good experience. 00:01:46
And I would say that you are leaders in terms of biofuels. 00:01:47
Companies like Petrobras and Brazilian car manufacturers have pioneered the use of flex-fuel 00:01:50
cars, vehicles that can run on gasoline, alcohol or any combination of the two. 00:01:55
Rising oil prices and concern about carbon emissions meant that in 2006, three quarters 00:02:02
of all cars sold in Brazil were flex-fuel models. 00:02:08
People have been making alcohol from sugar cane for hundreds of years. 00:02:12
These days, scientists are working to find the most efficient way to produce alcohol 00:02:16
on an industrial scale, testing the use of pressure, heat and microorganisms to accelerate 00:02:21
the process. 00:02:27
While the Brazilian biofuel industry was founded on alcohol from sugar cane, biodiesel is the 00:02:30
new focus for developing the sector. 00:02:35
Refined vegetable oil from plants like soya or sunflower are added to conventional diesel 00:02:38
to produce biodiesel. 00:02:43
Brazil has impressive plans for this new technology that are valuable for small producers and 00:02:47
conscious of environmental issues. 00:02:51
There's no point in producing biofuels from sources that are not sustainable. 00:02:55
Our three biodiesel plants that are being built right now, they are close to areas that 00:03:00
are more small farming areas. 00:03:06
And they are going to use seeds that are more small farmer friendly. 00:03:09
The EU, we have that ambitious agenda of moving to a percentage of about 20% of renewable 00:03:14
energies by 2020, which is very ambitious. 00:03:22
We know that we have to import from other parts of the world and Brazil will certainly 00:03:25
have a stake in our energy mix in the future. 00:03:32
The old port city of Santos still bears the hallmarks of Brazil's colonial history and 00:03:37
links with the coffee trade. 00:03:42
Following three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil became an independent nation 00:03:44
in 1822. 00:03:49
While the links with Portugal are obvious, in truth there was substantial immigration 00:03:50
here from virtually every European country. 00:03:55
The Atlantic coastal strip became the most densely populated region of Brazil. 00:04:00
But before the colonial period, this was the Mata Atlantica, a rainforest stretching 4,000 00:04:05
kilometres along the coast. 00:04:11
Today, less than 10% of the original forest remains. 00:04:13
Because of the number and diversity of animals and plants, it's known as one of the five 00:04:17
areas in the world with the highest level of biodiversity. 00:04:21
Scientists from a German research institute and the University of Sao Paulo are investigating 00:04:26
the minimum viable area for the survival of different species. 00:04:31
Their data will allow the identification of species under threat and strategies for conservation. 00:04:35
We are mist-netting, so capturing birds to see which species are still occurring in big 00:04:42
fragments and in small fragments, and we are putting traps to see which small mammals are 00:04:47
living in the forest, which species, how many species are living there, and putting camera 00:04:53
traps to get also the bigger mammals. 00:04:57
And this we are comparing with the availability of food for the mammals, and we measure what 00:05:02
quality of habitat we have for these animals. 00:05:07
Many species are unique to the Mata Atlantica. 00:05:12
For instance, there are 8,000 plant species here that don't grow anywhere else in the 00:05:15
world. 00:05:19
This project is an example of Brazil and Europe cooperating on an issue with global significance. 00:05:21
It's a global issue because of different arguments, like for example for the climate, and it's 00:05:28
also very important for carbon fixation, and it's providing us with a lot of different 00:05:33
species, maybe medicinal plants, and so we have different types of advantages if we can 00:05:40
sustain and live together with the forest. 00:05:48
Rio de Janeiro is one of the most spectacular cities in the world. 00:05:53
The location, the culture and the amenities provide for a magnificent lifestyle. 00:05:57
But if you work your way up the hill from Ipanema beach, you'll find yourself in the 00:06:02
favela of Rocinha. 00:06:06
About a quarter of Brazil's population live in poverty in the shanty towns or favelas. 00:06:09
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
▼ Mostrar / ocultar niveles
      • Nivel Intermedio
Autor/es:
The European Union
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
625
Fecha:
9 de agosto de 2007 - 13:57
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
European Commission
Duración:
06′ 13″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
448x336 píxeles
Tamaño:
32.18 MBytes

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