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Robotic Missions and Materials Used In Space

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Subido el 28 de mayo de 2007 por EducaMadrid

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In the first segment of the Case of the Great Space Exploration the detectives learn about manned and unmanned missions in space. The tree house detectives also learn about the materials used to protect astronauts from the harsh space environment.

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Hi, I'm Christy Carlson Romano. 00:00:00
I play Wren Stevens on Disney Channel's Even Stevens, and I'm the voice of Kim Possible. 00:00:15
You know, the wonder teen who saves the world, does her homework, and updates her wardrobe 00:00:20
all on a school night? 00:00:24
Yeah. 00:00:25
And she uses math, science, and technology to fight off evil villains. 00:00:26
But seriously, I have some really cool friends who find these subjects helpful in solving 00:00:30
real problems. 00:00:34
They are the Treehouse Detectives, and you can meet them on NASA Sci-Files. 00:00:35
They're going to be traveling to places that we can only dream of going. 00:00:40
So, join in the adventure, and help the Treehouse Detectives solve their newest case. 00:00:43
Come on now, and learn about math, science, and technology. 00:00:50
NASA Sci-Files. 00:00:59
Discovering the world we're in. 00:01:05
Doing cool experiments. 00:01:09
NASA Sci-Files. 00:01:13
NASA Sci-Files. 00:01:20
Don't forget to look for the answers to the following questions. 00:01:27
Why is it important to find water ice on Mars? 00:01:31
How will the Phoenix Mars Lander analyze soil and water ice on Mars? 00:01:35
What is ferrofluid, and why did NASA develop it? 00:01:41
When you see this icon, the answer is near. 00:01:44
So, uh, good job, Bianca. 00:02:11
Next time I think we need to slow down a bit, because I don't want you to pull a muscle 00:02:32
or anything. 00:02:36
Actually, I was thinking about picking up the pace a little. 00:02:37
Me too, but let's think about this realistically. 00:02:41
We still have a few years before we have to take the physical test to be astronauts, 00:02:44
and I think we should take it easy, you know at first. 00:02:47
RJ, we're talking about possibly being the first astronauts to travel to Mars. 00:02:50
I think I'll go ahead and run home. 00:02:55
That's two miles. Have you considered speed walking? 00:02:58
It's okay, I'm expecting a letter. 00:03:01
I think I'll just shoot for going to the moon. 00:03:04
Hi, RJ. 00:03:13
Are you okay? 00:03:15
You look awful. 00:03:17
Tony! 00:03:19
I mean, awfully fit. 00:03:20
Bianca's killing me. I can't hide it any longer. 00:03:23
I mean, I'm running twice a day just to keep up with her. 00:03:26
Why the sudden interest in physical fitness? 00:03:29
Remember what Mr. Gregory said? 00:03:31
We could actually be the first astronauts to go to Mars. 00:03:33
And you have to be in great shape to be an astronaut. 00:03:36
Yes, and in the case of the biological biosphere, 00:03:39
Miss Shepherd told us about how astronauts have to train to stay in shape, 00:03:41
both on Earth and in space. 00:03:44
We also learned that you can overdo it. 00:03:46
Getting in shape shouldn't mean you have to run yourself into the ground. 00:03:48
Maybe that's why NASA has manned and unmanned missions. 00:03:51
Did you say manned and unmanned? 00:03:54
Sure, with the way my fitness training is going, 00:03:56
maybe I need to think about working on an unmanned mission. 00:03:59
Good idea. Not that you're not in shape, 00:04:02
but Mr. Gregory did say that NASA not only needs future astronauts, 00:04:04
but also researchers, engineers, and scientists. 00:04:08
And GFPs. 00:04:11
What's a GFP? 00:04:12
Galactic Financial Planners. 00:04:14
Come on, guys, get with the program. 00:04:17
Actually, Tony has an interesting point. 00:04:19
I'm sure there's lots of ways to get involved with space exploration. 00:04:21
Yes, NASA needs lots of people in all kinds of careers. 00:04:24
We just need to find one we like. 00:04:27
Let's bring up the problem board. 00:04:29
What do we know? 00:04:32
We know that there are both manned and unmanned missions to explore space. 00:04:34
Exactly, and we also know that there are missions 00:04:38
that involve going to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. 00:04:41
We also know that NASA needs space explorers and scientists. 00:04:43
Okay, so what do we need to know? 00:04:47
We need to learn more about unmanned missions 00:04:49
and what it takes to be an astronaut. 00:04:51
I'll check out the NASA website. 00:04:53
The NASA website is the perfect place to find out about 00:04:54
future NASA missions and space exploration, along with careers. 00:04:56
Perhaps I can do something in R&D. 00:05:00
R&D? 00:05:02
Research and Development. 00:05:03
Because, as you know, I'm a big fan of research. 00:05:05
Well, this may be right up your alley, RJ. 00:05:08
What is it? 00:05:10
I've contacted Dr. Carol Stoker. 00:05:11
She's working on the latest NASA Mars mission. 00:05:13
It's a lander called the Phoenix that the University of Arizona 00:05:15
and the NASA Ames Research Center are developing. 00:05:18
Isn't Kaylee in San Francisco doing some research on redwood trees? 00:05:20
Yes. She doesn't get back until next week. 00:05:24
I'll send her an email to see if she can talk to Dr. Stoker. 00:05:26
Great. Maybe we should talk to Dr. D, too. 00:05:29
Maybe he'll have some ideas about manned space travel. 00:05:32
Actually, I was supposed to meet Dr. D at the Virginia Air and Space Center 00:05:34
to check out a new exhibit on strange matter. 00:05:37
I better run. 00:05:39
We're very excited about the new vision for NASA, 00:05:42
space exploration, and the Phoenix lander. 00:05:45
But we are just wondering why we want to explore Mars 00:05:48
instead of some of the other planets. 00:05:51
Well, Mars is the planet in our solar system most like Earth, 00:05:55
and it also may be another home for life. 00:05:58
What do you mean? 00:06:00
Well, some scientists think that life may have evolved on Mars early in its history 00:06:01
when it was warmer and wetter than it is today. 00:06:04
But the exciting thing would be if life still exists on Mars now. 00:06:07
That's very exciting. 00:06:11
So why don't we check it out instead of sending unmanned missions to Mars? 00:06:13
Well, robotic missions cost less, 00:06:17
and they help us learn a lot about the surface of Mars. 00:06:19
The more we know about Mars, 00:06:21
the more information we have to help design more effective human missions. 00:06:23
That makes sense. 00:06:26
So where will the Phoenix lander explore? 00:06:27
The Phoenix will land in Mars' northern Arctic plains, 00:06:29
between 65 and 75 degrees north. 00:06:32
Why is it landing there? 00:06:34
The landing site was chosen because another mission to Mars, 00:06:36
called the Mars Odyssey, has discovered near-subsurface water ice. 00:06:40
That's water ice that's under a layer of dry soil that's fairly thin, 00:06:45
right in that location. 00:06:49
Why is water ice so important? 00:06:50
Well, the simple answer is that water is the most important ingredient for life, 00:06:52
but it must be liquid water. 00:06:56
On Earth, wherever we find liquid water, we find life. 00:06:58
But isn't ice the solid form of water? 00:07:00
Yes, but recent climate studies and climate modeling 00:07:02
indicate that ice at the surface or near the subsurface 00:07:05
in the area where Phoenix is landing may melt from time to time 00:07:08
under some circumstances. 00:07:11
Melted ice means liquid water. 00:07:13
That's correct. 00:07:15
And when water's liquid, microbial life could be growing in the soil 00:07:16
and then become dormant when conditions get harsh. 00:07:20
I learned at camp that when a plant or animal is dormant, it's inactive, 00:07:23
sort of like sleeping. 00:07:26
It's not actively growing, but it's protected by the environment 00:07:28
until conditions are favorable for it to grow. 00:07:31
That's right, and on Mars, we hope to find that when conditions become favorable, 00:07:34
the ice melts and organisms wake up and grow. 00:07:38
How do we know if there are microbes in the soil? 00:07:42
Well, Phoenix won't be able to actually detect microbes in the soil, 00:07:44
but it will be able to determine if the environment was ever habitable, 00:07:48
and it may detect things left by biology in the past, 00:07:52
such as organic compounds and other clues. 00:07:56
But how will it be able to analyze the soil and water ice? 00:07:59
There's a robotic arm with a digging tool designed to dig into the subsurface 00:08:02
and scratch and obtain samples of the soil and ice. 00:08:06
The samples will then be placed into instruments that will analyze the samples 00:08:09
for such things as the type of minerals in the soil, 00:08:12
any organic compounds, the chemical properties, and much more. 00:08:15
The data will help us determine if the environment would be a good one for life. 00:08:19
That sounds so exciting. I can't wait until the Phoenix lands on Mars. 00:08:22
Well, it doesn't launch until 2007, but in the meantime, 00:08:26
there's lots of exciting things going on at NASA to hold your interest. 00:08:29
Thank you so much, Dr. Stoker. 00:08:32
You're welcome. Don't hesitate to call if you have any more questions. 00:08:34
♪ music ♪ 00:08:37
Hi, Tony. This strange matter exhibit is really cool, 00:08:52
and it's a great place to learn about manned missions to space. 00:08:55
Strange matter? I don't see the connection. 00:08:58
Space is a very harsh environment, and for people to explore space, 00:09:00
we have to overcome such problems as meteoroids and other space debris 00:09:04
colliding with the spacecraft. 00:09:07
I never thought of that. I guess it could be very dangerous. 00:09:09
So, uh, what can we do? 00:09:12
Couldn't you shatter the glass with a bowling ball? 00:09:14
Because it is specially tempered glass. 00:09:16
Thankfully. 00:09:18
♪ music ♪ 00:09:19
Space is really important to have materials that don't shatter upon impact. 00:09:24
The International Space Station, for example, 00:09:28
has layers of Kevlar that prevent micrometeorites from penetrating. 00:09:30
Isn't that the same stuff they use for bulletproof vests? 00:09:33
That's right. I've got a Kevlar glove right here. Check it out. 00:09:36
♪ music ♪ 00:09:39
Wow, that must be a really tall blade. 00:09:43
Let's see how this works on an ordinary glove. 00:09:45
♪ music ♪ 00:09:47
I'll take the Kevlar glove. 00:09:55
Good choice. 00:09:56
Now, what else about space is harsh? 00:09:58
Well, I would think it's extremely cold in space. 00:10:01
Yes, it is. 00:10:04
Insulation to protect from extreme heat and cold is critical, 00:10:05
like the display on soap foams. 00:10:08
That's pretty impressive. 00:10:10
What does that have to do with insulation? 00:10:11
Let me show you. 00:10:13
Here, take this piece of aerogel. 00:10:14
It's sometimes called frozen smoke. 00:10:16
It's the world's lightest solid, which means it's the least dense. 00:10:19
You're right. It weighs a lot less than I thought it would. 00:10:22
A piece the size of a human body would have a mass of less than half a kilogram, 00:10:24
or about a pound. 00:10:28
It's mostly air, about 99.8%. 00:10:29
Oh, I see. It's like the soap bubbles. They're mostly air. 00:10:33
It turns out that air does a great job of insulation, 00:10:35
either keeping heat out or preventing heat from leaving. 00:10:38
Let me show you. 00:10:42
Here, hold this balloon on the opposite side of the aerogel from the microtorch. 00:10:45
Now move the balloon up. 00:10:50
That torch looks mighty hot, 00:10:56
but nothing happened to the balloon as long as the aerogel was right there. 00:10:58
Try touching the aerogel. Is it hot? 00:11:01
No, not at all. 00:11:04
Aerogel was used to insulate the Mars rover Sojourner 00:11:10
from intense swings in the Martian temperature. 00:11:13
NASA is experimenting with aerogel now 00:11:16
to see if it can be made more transparent and used as a window. 00:11:19
What about radiation in space? Isn't that a difficult problem? 00:11:23
That's right. Astronauts need protection from radiation. 00:11:26
The atmosphere and the Earth's magnetic field protect us from these things. 00:11:29
On a journey to Mars, for example, it's especially important to have shielding. 00:11:33
So will they use lead? I've heard that it stops a lot of radiation. 00:11:37
It does, but it's way too heavy to haul into space. 00:11:40
And it has some other problems. So what's the solution? 00:11:43
Well, NASA is experimenting with a lot of different ideas. 00:11:46
But one of them involves this. 00:11:49
Dr. G, you've got to be kidding. 00:11:52
That's a grocery bag. 00:11:55
It's called polyethylene plastic. 00:11:58
Of course it would have to be thicker than this. 00:12:01
Another possibility is liquid hydrogen. 00:12:04
Now, let's talk about ferrofluids. 00:12:07
Ferrofluids? 00:12:10
NASA first developed ferrofluids to deal with the flow of liquid fuel 00:12:13
and the weightlessness of space. 00:12:16
It has magnetic material suspended in the liquid, 00:12:19
so it can be controlled by magnets. 00:12:22
I didn't realize how harsh it is in space. 00:12:25
I think we really need to learn more about how space travel affects the human body. 00:12:28
Why don't you contact Dr. Schaffner at NASA Johnson Space Center in Houston? 00:12:31
That would be a big help. Thanks, Dr. D. 00:12:34
By the way, I hear that Bianca is going to space camp. 00:12:37
I'm sure she'll also learn a lot about being an astronaut. 00:12:40
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Idioma/s:
en
Niveles educativos:
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Autor/es:
NASA LaRC Office of Education
Subido por:
EducaMadrid
Licencia:
Reconocimiento - No comercial - Sin obra derivada
Visualizaciones:
1139
Fecha:
28 de mayo de 2007 - 15:34
Visibilidad:
Público
Enlace Relacionado:
NASAs center for distance learning
Duración:
12′ 45″
Relación de aspecto:
4:3 Hasta 2009 fue el estándar utilizado en la televisión PAL; muchas pantallas de ordenador y televisores usan este estándar, erróneamente llamado cuadrado, cuando en la realidad es rectangular o wide.
Resolución:
480x360 píxeles
Tamaño:
76.42 MBytes

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